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Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331531 Geografia
Mudanças climáticas sempre ocorreram na história do nosso planeta, com intensidades e condições variáveis ao longo do tempo. Uma das mudanças mais significativas com impactos diretos na vida se deu há mais de dois bilhões de anos, quando o surgimento de organismos fotossintéticos alterou a composição atmosférica e permitiu o avanço da vida para o ambiente terrestre. (JUNIOR, D. L.S. Mudanças climáticas são uma questão sobre clima? In: Revista Caros Amigos, Ano XVIII, nº 73, 2015)

Ao longo da história do planeta, os principais agentes condicionantes do clima são:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331530 Geografia
Um impacto importante do uso da terra e da mudança da camada mais superior da crosta terrestre na Amazônia, com consequências globais, são:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331529 Geografia
A erosão dos solos agrícolas é um problema que se verifica em escala mundial, embora tenha maior gravidade nos países em desenvolvimento. É um problema que afeta seriamente o ambiente, sob diversos aspectos.

Sobre esse tema, analise as afirmações a seguir.
1) Dentre os principais consequências desse processo, estão as perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação, a redução na capacidade de infiltração e de retenção de umidade do solo, a sedimentação e a deposição do material erodido nas zonas baixas do relevo. 2) A cobertura vegetal é importante para fornecer matéria orgânica e sombreamento ao solo, proporcionando, portanto, benefícios não apenas por evitar a erosão, como também por aumentar os organismos benéficos ao solo. 3) As vertentes em que a declividade é mais acentuada apresentam um predomínio da pedogênese sobre a morfogênese. Esse fato é marcante nas vertentes íngremes dos tabuleiros alagoanos. 4) A diminuição dos rendimentos nos cultivos é cada vez maior com a degradação do solo, devido à sobre-exploração, os altos índices de desmatamento, a eliminação da cobertura vegetal e o excesso de lavoura do solo. 5) Os solos submetidos a intenso voçorocamento são exatamente aqueles pouco desenvolvidos em que foi preservada a cobertura vegetal primitiva e densa.

Estão corretas:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331528 Geografia
O andamento habitual do tempo e as condições climáticas do Brasil são determinados pelas ações de diversos sistemas atmosféricos que agem na troposfera, sobre a América do Sul, de acordo com a marcha aparente anual do Sol na eclíptica.
Com relação a esse tema, observe a imagem de satélite a seguir e depois assinale o sistema atmosférico indicado pela seta

Imagem associada para resolução da questão
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Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331527 História
Instalada a ditadura militar no Brasil, em 1964, Alagoas, quase que de imediato, sentiu seus efeitos políticos, sobretudo:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331526 História
Na implantação do “Estado Novo” (1937-1945), Getúlio Vargas usou como argumento:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331525 História
Entre os desdobramentos da chamada Política dos Governadores, adotada por Campos Salles, é possível destacar:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331524 História
A independência da América Espanhola teve por fundo um quadro político internacional que lhe favoreceu, sobressaindo-se nele:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331523 História
A afirmativa de que a Revolução Francesa encerrou-se no ano de 1799 relaciona-se :
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331522 História
O movimento Iluminista, que teve seu auge na Europa do século XVIII, contou, entre seus principais pensadores, com Jean-Jacque Rousseau, cuja obra mais conhecida intitula-se:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331521 História e Geografia de Estados e Municípios
O papel de Alagoas na ocupação do Nordeste brasileiro pelos holandeses, no século XVII, pode ser compreendido, entre outras variáveis, por
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331520 História
Em 1514, o Papa Leão X concedeu aos monarcas portugueses, em caráter hereditário, o Padroado sobre as terras conquistadas, o que, na colonização do Brasil, fez desses monarcas grãos mestres da Ordem de Cristo, que os autorizava a:
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331519 Inglês

Read the comic strip below and answer the following question based on it.


Disponível em:< http://www.guysports.com/funny/doctor_cartoon.htm>. Acessado em 5 de abril de 2018.

What the doctor implies is that
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331518 Inglês

Read the illustration below and answer the following question based on it.


Disponível em:< https://i.pinimg.com/originals/33/82/af/3382af7d4f90bbed0e333770 abbc317e.jpg>. Acessado em 2 de abril de 2018

It can be inferred that
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331517 Inglês

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


More than half your body is not human


Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.

Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.

No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.

This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.

The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.

But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.

Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.

Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.

It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.

Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.

That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.

But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".

Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.

He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."

"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"

This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".

Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.

Experiments on mice
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331516 Inglês

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


More than half your body is not human


Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.

Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.

No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.

This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.

The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.

But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.

Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.

Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.

It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.

Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.

That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.

But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".

Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.

He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."

"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"

This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".

Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.

Understanding how our microbiome works
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331515 Inglês

Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


More than half your body is not human


Human cells make up only 43% of the body's total cell count. The rest are microscopic colonists.

Understanding this hidden half of ourselves - our microbiome - is rapidly transforming understanding of diseases from allergy to Parkinson's.

No matter how well you wash, nearly every nook and cranny of your body is covered in microscopic creatures.

This includes bacteria, viruses, fungi and archaea (organisms originally misclassified as bacteria). The greatest concentration of this microscopic life is in the dark murky depths of our oxygen-deprived bowels.

The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes.

But add all the genes in our microbiome together and the figure comes out between two and 20 million microbial genes.

Prof Sarkis Mazmanian, a microbiologist from Caltech, argues: "We don't have just one genome, the genes of our microbiome present essentially a second genome which augment the activity of our own.

Science is rapidly uncovering the role the microbiome plays in digestion, regulating the immune system, protecting against disease and manufacturing vital vitamins.

It is a new way of thinking about the microbial world. To date, our relationship with microbes has largely been one of warfare.

Antibiotics and vaccines have been the weapons unleashed against the likes of smallpox, Mycobacterium tuberculosis or MRSA.

That's been a good thing and has saved large numbers of lives.

But some researchers are concerned that our assault on the bad guys has done untold damage to our "good bacteria".

Prof Knight has performed experiments on mice that were born in the most sanitised world imaginable.

He says: "We were able to show that if you take lean and obese humans and take their faeces and transplant the bacteria into mice you can make the mouse thinner or fatter depending on whose microbiome it got."

"This is pretty amazing right, but the question now is will this be translatable to humans"

This is the big hope for the field, that microbes could be a new form of medicine. It is known as using "bugs as drugs".

Adaptado de: < http://www.bbc.com/news/health-43674270> Acessado em 13 de abril de 2018.

The human body
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331514 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Loneliness may harm sleep quality for young adults

Researchers from King's College London have found that young adults who reported feeling lonely were more likely to experience poor sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and poor concentration than their non-lonely counterparts.
Although loneliness is often perceived as a problem that primarily affects older adults, recent research has suggested that this is not the case.
However, according to the researchers of the new study, less is known about how loneliness affects the health of young adults - in particular, how it impacts sleep quality.
"In the present study, we tested associations between loneliness and sleep quality in a nationally representative sample of young adults," say Prof. Louise Arseneault, of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's, and colleagues.
The researchers analyzed the data of 2,232 young adults aged 18 to 19 years. They asked the participants four questions to measure their feelings of loneliness, including, "How often do you feel that you lack companionship?" and "How often do you feel alone?"
Additionally, the researchers gathered information on the participants' sleep quality over the past month, including sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and how long it takes them to fall asleep.
The analysis revealed that the lonely participants were 10 percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than subjects who did not report loneliness, and they were 24 percent more likely to experience daytime tiredness and problems with concentration.
These findings remained after accounting for a number of possible confounding factors, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders.
Although the study was not designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the link between loneliness and poor sleep quality, the researchers have some theories.
For example, they point to previous studies that have identified a link between loneliness and an increase in the "stress hormone" cortisol, which could lead to sleep disruption.
Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317563.php?sr> Acessado em 02 de abril de 2018. 
In the sentence "...the lonely participants were 10 percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than subjects who did not report loneliness..." a synonym for likely is
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331513 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Loneliness may harm sleep quality for young adults

Researchers from King's College London have found that young adults who reported feeling lonely were more likely to experience poor sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and poor concentration than their non-lonely counterparts.
Although loneliness is often perceived as a problem that primarily affects older adults, recent research has suggested that this is not the case.
However, according to the researchers of the new study, less is known about how loneliness affects the health of young adults - in particular, how it impacts sleep quality.
"In the present study, we tested associations between loneliness and sleep quality in a nationally representative sample of young adults," say Prof. Louise Arseneault, of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's, and colleagues.
The researchers analyzed the data of 2,232 young adults aged 18 to 19 years. They asked the participants four questions to measure their feelings of loneliness, including, "How often do you feel that you lack companionship?" and "How often do you feel alone?"
Additionally, the researchers gathered information on the participants' sleep quality over the past month, including sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and how long it takes them to fall asleep.
The analysis revealed that the lonely participants were 10 percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than subjects who did not report loneliness, and they were 24 percent more likely to experience daytime tiredness and problems with concentration.
These findings remained after accounting for a number of possible confounding factors, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders.
Although the study was not designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the link between loneliness and poor sleep quality, the researchers have some theories.
For example, they point to previous studies that have identified a link between loneliness and an increase in the "stress hormone" cortisol, which could lead to sleep disruption.
Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317563.php?sr> Acessado em 02 de abril de 2018. 
As stated in the text, cortisol, a stress hormone,
Alternativas
Ano: 2018 Banca: Cepros Órgão: CESMAC Prova: Cepros - 2018 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2018.2- 1° DIA- PROVA TIPO 1 |
Q1331512 Inglês
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.


Loneliness may harm sleep quality for young adults

Researchers from King's College London have found that young adults who reported feeling lonely were more likely to experience poor sleep quality, daytime tiredness, and poor concentration than their non-lonely counterparts.
Although loneliness is often perceived as a problem that primarily affects older adults, recent research has suggested that this is not the case.
However, according to the researchers of the new study, less is known about how loneliness affects the health of young adults - in particular, how it impacts sleep quality.
"In the present study, we tested associations between loneliness and sleep quality in a nationally representative sample of young adults," say Prof. Louise Arseneault, of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King's, and colleagues.
The researchers analyzed the data of 2,232 young adults aged 18 to 19 years. They asked the participants four questions to measure their feelings of loneliness, including, "How often do you feel that you lack companionship?" and "How often do you feel alone?"
Additionally, the researchers gathered information on the participants' sleep quality over the past month, including sleep duration, sleep disturbances, and how long it takes them to fall asleep.
The analysis revealed that the lonely participants were 10 percent more likely to have poor sleep quality than subjects who did not report loneliness, and they were 24 percent more likely to experience daytime tiredness and problems with concentration.
These findings remained after accounting for a number of possible confounding factors, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and other mental health disorders.
Although the study was not designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the link between loneliness and poor sleep quality, the researchers have some theories.
For example, they point to previous studies that have identified a link between loneliness and an increase in the "stress hormone" cortisol, which could lead to sleep disruption.
Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317563.php?sr> Acessado em 02 de abril de 2018. 
Loneliness and poor sleep quality
Alternativas
Respostas
18621: B
18622: A
18623: C
18624: C
18625: B
18626: D
18627: C
18628: E
18629: B
18630: B
18631: A
18632: B
18633: A
18634: D
18635: C
18636: B
18637: D
18638: E
18639: C
18640: A