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Q1300915
Física
A figura a seguir apresenta dois vasos que estão em equilíbrio hidrostático, devido às pressões exercidas na
superfície dos líquidos 1, 2, 3 e 4.
Os vasos são preenchidos com líquido de mesma densidade, logo, na superfície desses líquidos a pressão
Os vasos são preenchidos com líquido de mesma densidade, logo, na superfície desses líquidos a pressão
Q1300895
Português
Observe os quadrinhos a seguir.
Disponível em: http://psicologia-e-familia.blogspot.com/2012/04/charges-tirinhas-e-cartoons.html. Acesso em: 31 out. 2019.
O sentido dos quadrinhos, e seu consequente efeito cômico, são obtidos a partir do uso
Disponível em: http://psicologia-e-familia.blogspot.com/2012/04/charges-tirinhas-e-cartoons.html. Acesso em: 31 out. 2019.
O sentido dos quadrinhos, e seu consequente efeito cômico, são obtidos a partir do uso
Q1300892
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which
have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the
right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of
electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images,
DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns
in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this
technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis
of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and
echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality
data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital
images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these
images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some
interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly
trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that
identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a
clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying,
"This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much
larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data
pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide
assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain
hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the
patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's
values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI
function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my
opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and
councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho
Q1300891
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which
have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the
right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of
electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images,
DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns
in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this
technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis
of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and
echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality
data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital
images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these
images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some
interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly
trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that
identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a
clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying,
"This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much
larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data
pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide
assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain
hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the
patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's
values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI
function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my
opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and
councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
Analisando-se os aspectos linguísticos e estruturais do texto, constata-se que
Q1300890
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which
have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the
right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of
electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images,
DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns
in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this
technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis
of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and
echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality
data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital
images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these
images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some
interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly
trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that
identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a
clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying,
"This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much
larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data
pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide
assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain
hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate.
To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the
patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's
values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI
function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my
opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and
councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
Considering the ideas expressed in the text, artificial intelligence (AI) systems
Q1300849
Sociologia
A sociologia nasce no contexto da consolidação da ciência enquanto forma de pensamento dominante. Com o
desenvolvimento do capitalismo e a progressiva urbanização, alguns pensadores começaram a refletir sobre os
problemas da sociedade em transformação, como a fome, o saneamento básico, as longas e fatigantes jornadas
de trabalho etc. A partir desse momento, emerge a sociologia, como uma ciência com objeto e método
específicos, e surgem os primeiros sociólogos. Um destes sociólogos foi Auguste Comte, que fundamentou a
sociologia a partir do método positivista. O positivismo de Comte defende
Q1300848
Filosofia
Karl Marx é considerado um dos grandes filósofos da época moderna. Em sua trajetória intelectual, ele teve
grande influência de outro grande filósofo, Hegel. Existe uma polêmica sobre a posição de Marx em relação a
Hegel a partir do momento em que ele fundou sua concepção materialista da história. A esse respeito, verifica-se
que Marx:
Q1300847
Sociologia
Texto associado
Ideologia
Cazuza
Meu partido
É um coração partido
E as ilusões
Estão todas perdidas
Os meus sonhos
Foram todos vendidos
Tão barato que eu nem acredito
Ah! Eu nem acredito
Que aquele garoto
Que ia mudar o mundo
Mudar o mundo
Frequenta agora
As festas do Grand Monde
Meus heróis
Morreram de overdose
Meus inimigos
Estão no poder
Ideologia!
Eu quero uma pra viver
Ideologia!
Eu quero uma pra viver
O meu prazer
Agora é risco de vida
Meu sex and drugs
Não tem nenhum rock 'n' roll
Eu vou pagar
A conta do analista
Pra nunca mais
Ter que saber
Quem eu sou
Ah! Saber quem eu sou
Pois aquele garoto
Que ia mudar o mundo
Mudar o mundo
Agora assiste a tudo
Em cima do muro
Em cima do muro!
Meus heróis
Morreram de overdose
Meus inimigos
Estão no poder
Ideologia!
Eu quero uma pra viver
Ideologia!
Pra viver
Pois aquele garoto
Que ia mudar o mundo
Mudar o mundo
Agora assiste a tudo
Em cima do muro
Em cima do muro
Meus heróis
Morreram de overdose
Meus inimigos
Estão no poder
Ideologia!
Eu quero uma pra viver
Ideologia!
Eu quero uma pra viver
Ideologia!
Pra viver
Ideologia!
Eu quero uma pra viver
Disponível em: https://www.letras.mus.br/cazuza/43860/. Acesso em: 09 out. 2019.
O termo “ideologia” é um dos mais abordados na história da filosofia e da sociologia. Desde o surgimento da
palavra e seu primeiro significado, com Destutt de Tracy, ela recebeu várias interpretações, entre as quais as de
Marx e posteriormente Mannheim, até chegar a Ricouer e outros. A ideologia já foi concebida como falsa
consciência, sistema de pensamento ilusório, pensamento valorativo, concepção metafísica pré-científica, visão
de mundo, etc. A letra da música “ideologia” tematiza esse termo. A partir das concepções existentes sobre esse
termo, podemos dizer que a ideologia, de acordo com a letra da música, se aproxima mais da concepção:
Q1300846
Sociologia
No final dos anos 1960, uma crise na sociedade foi fortalecida por movimentos de contestação social. Entre
estes movimentos destaca-se a rebelião de Maio de 1968 na França, em que estudantes se aliaram aos
operários na contestação de diversos elementos da sociabilidade e das relações sociais existentes. Esta rebelião
se constituiu em um marco para a organização política dos movimentos sociais, pois apresentava tendências
Q1300845
Geografia
“Inferno na floresta: o que sabemos sobre os incêndios na Amazônia
A Amazônia sempre sofreu com queimadas ligadas à exploração de terra.
Mas como isso chegou tão longe?
São Paulo – Os olhos do Brasil e do mundo se voltam para a maior floresta tropical e maior reserva de biodiversidade da Terra. Milhares de mensagens de alerta em diferentes línguas circulam nas redes sociais com a hashtag #PrayForAmazonia. A razão não poderia ser pior: a Amazônia arde em chamas”.
Disponível em: https://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/inferno-na-floresta-o-que-sabemos-sobre-os-incendios-na-amazonia/. Acesso em: 20 set. 2019.
O texto alerta para o problema ambiental das queimadas na região da Amazônia brasileira, que no ano de 2019 tornou-se assunto frequente nas mídias internacionais. Sobre as causas desses focos de queimadas/incêndios, tem se que:
Q1300844
Geografia
Considerando que em Brasília, localizada no fuso horário UTC -3, sejam exatamente 16 horas, na cidade de Los
Angeles, nos Estados Unidos da América, localizada no fuso horário UTC -8, serão, nesse mesmo dia,
exatamente:
Q1300843
Geografia
A população de um país pode ser caracterizada com base em vários parâmetros, dentre eles: idade e gênero,
conforme se verifica a seguir. 
Com base nas pirâmides etárias apresentadas, constata-se o seguinte:
Com base nas pirâmides etárias apresentadas, constata-se o seguinte:
Q1300842
História e Geografia de Estados e Municípios
Dentre as fontes de arrecadação de impostos no estado de Goiás, o maior percentual provém do Imposto Sobre Circulação de Mercadorias (ICMS):
Com base nos dados da tabela apresentada, verifica-se que
Q1300841
História
Leia o texto a seguir.
A construção dos Estados Nacionais significou um longo processo de lutas sociais e políticas, em que se confrontaram adversários poderosos, muitas vezes acompanhados de longas guerras civis, envolvendo grande parte da sociedade, de abastados fazendeiros a pobres peões.
PRADO, M.L.C. América Latina no século XIX: tramas, telas e textos. São Paulo: Edusp, 2004. p. 75.
O texto citado refere-se ao contexto de emancipação política dos países latino-americanos. Um caso singular de libertação na qual o país emancipou-se lutando contra outra nação americana foi o
Q1300840
História
Leia o texto a seguir.
Nasce daí o debate: se é melhor ser amado que temido ou o inverso. Dizem que o ideal seria viver-se em ambas as condições, mas, visto que é difícil acordá-las entre si, muito mais seguro é fazer-se temido que amado, quando se tem de renunciar a uma das duas.
MAQUIAVEL, N. O Príncipe. Porto Alegre: L&PM Pocket, 2008. p. 80.
A famosa citação de O Príncipe explica a estratégia de funcionamento das monarquias absolutistas, nas quais o rei
Q1300839
Conhecimentos Gerais
Leia o texto a seguir.
Eu digo que o Departamento de Estado, um dos mais importantes de nossos ministérios, está completamente infectado de comunistas. Eu conheço, eu tenho em minhas mãos casos de 57 indivíduos que são membros do Partido Comunista, ou que ao menos são simpatizantes; apesar disso, eles continuam a praticar a nossa política externa.
Anais do Congresso americano. In: TASINAFO, C. L.; FREITAS NETO, J. A. de. História Geral e do Brasil. São Paulo: Habra, 2006. p. 724.
O texto é um trecho de um discurso do senador americano Joseph McCarthy, que acusou inúmeras pessoas de serem comunistas e de praticarem atividades antiamericanas. Sua atuação encontrou apoio em parte do Congresso, que aprovou a Lei McCarran, que
Q1300838
História
Leia o texto a seguir.
Análises recentes das sucessões presidenciais na Primeira República (1889-1930) mostram que a famosa aliança entre Minas Gerais e São Paulo, chamada de política do “café-com-leite”, não controlou de forma exclusiva o regime republicano. Havia outros quatro estados, pelo menos, com acentuada importância no cenário político: Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e Pernambuco.
VISCARDI, C. M. R. Aliança café com política. Revista Nossa História. São Paulo, ano 2, n. 19, p. 37, maio 2005.
O questionamento da chamada “política do café-com leite” foi decisivo para a eclosão da
Q1300837
História
Leia o texto a seguir. A tradição continua a ser o único fundamento para imaginarmos que houve a Guerra de Tróia, e os motivos de uma expedição ultramarina tão complicada ainda precisam ser explicados.
FINLEY, M. Aspectos da Antiguidade. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1991. p. 37.
De acordo com a tradição mítica, o episódio responsável por fazer eclodir a Guerra de Tróia foi
Q1300835
Química
Líquidos de arrefecimento são utilizados para melhorar o sistema de refrigeração dos motores dos carros.
Geralmente são soluções aquosas de etilenoglicol, um diol, de fórmula molecular C2H6O2 e massa molar 62,1
g/mol. O rótulo de uma determinada marca de líquido de arrefecimento indica que há 50% de etilenoglicol em
massa, o que corresponde a 530 g por litro de solução. A concentração dessa solução aquosa de etilenoglicol,
em mol/L, é aproximadamente:
Q1300833
Química
O biodiesel é um biocombustível, ou seja, é derivado de fontes renováveis, e pode substituir parcial ou totalmente
os combustíveis derivados do petróleo. Reações químicas entre lipídios e álcoois de cadeia curta produzem os
ésteres de ácidos graxos constituintes do biodiesel. Um dos componentes do biodiesel produzido usando óleo de
soja e metanol é o éster metílico do ácido linoleico, cuja fórmula molecular é C19H34O2. Na combustão de 300
mols de C19H34O2, a quantidade de CO2 formada será:
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