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Ano: 2023
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Provas:
PUC - RS - 2022 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina
|
PUC - RS - 2023 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q2092707
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 1
Asylum-seeker smuggling is a
symptom, not a root cause
Robert Falconer/Craig D. Smith - Jan 31, 2022
Source: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/
article-asylum-seeker-smuggling-is-a-symptom-not-a-root-cause/
Consider the following sentences from text 1 and
answer T (true) or F (false).
( ) The last sentence in Text 1 (lines 44 to 46) presents two examples of adjectives in the comparative degree. ( ) “avoid being returned” (line 36) is about an action that will/would happen while “remember being arrested” is about an action that has already happened. ( ) The two instances of the word “such” (lines 05 and 06) have the same idea as “such” in “I cannot imagine anyone living on such a small salary”.
The alternative that presents the correct top-down sequence of answers to the sentences above is
( ) The last sentence in Text 1 (lines 44 to 46) presents two examples of adjectives in the comparative degree. ( ) “avoid being returned” (line 36) is about an action that will/would happen while “remember being arrested” is about an action that has already happened. ( ) The two instances of the word “such” (lines 05 and 06) have the same idea as “such” in “I cannot imagine anyone living on such a small salary”.
The alternative that presents the correct top-down sequence of answers to the sentences above is
Ano: 2020
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2020 - UECE - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Específicos - Primeiro Dia - Prova 1 - Inglês |
Q2030423
Inglês
Texto associado
Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to
the Oceans Than Thought
The United States is using more
plastic than ever, and waste exported for
recycling is often mishandled, according
to a new study.
The United States contribution
to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
significantly larger than previously
thought, possibly by as much as five
times, according to a study published
Friday. The research, published in Science
Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
by the same authors. Two factors
contributed to the sharp increase:
Americans are using more plastic than
ever and the current study included
pollution generated by United States
exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
one did not.
The United States, which does
not have sufficient infrastructure to
handle its recycling demands at home,
exports about half of its recyclable waste.
Of the total exported, about 88 percent
ends up in countries considered to have
inadequate waste management.
“When you consider how much
of our plastic waste isn’t actually
recyclable because it is low-value,
contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
not surprising that a lot of it ends up
polluting the environment,” said the
study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
research professor of oceanography at
Sea Education Association, in a
statement.
The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed
between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
plastic waste to the oceans through a
combination of littering, dumping and
mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
that’s almost double the total estimated
waste in the team’s previous study. At the
high end, it would be a fivefold increase
over the earlier estimate.
Nicholas Mallos, a senior
director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
author of the study, said the upper
estimate would be equal to a pile of
plastic covering the area of the White
House Lawn and reaching as high as the
Empire State Building.
The ranges are wide partly
because “there’s no real standard for
being able to provide good quality data on
collection and disposal of waste in
general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
economist at DSM Environmental
Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
practices in countries around the world
and used their “best professional
judgment” to determine the lowest and
highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
escape into the environment. They settled
on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
Tony Walker, an associate
professor at the Dalhousie University
School for Resource and Environmental
Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
analyzing waste data can amount to a
“data minefield” because there are no
data standards across municipalities.
Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all.
Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
was not involved in the study, said it
could offer a more accurate accounting of
plastic pollution than the previous study,
which likely underestimated the United
States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
best estimate, as accurate as they can be
with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that the figures are
estimates.
Of the plastics that go into the
United States recycling system, about 9
percent of the country’s total plastic
waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
be remade into new consumer goods. New
plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
that only certain expensive, high-grade
plastics are profitable to recycle within the
United States, which is why roughly half
of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
which data is available.
Since 2016, however, the
recycling landscape has changed. China
and many countries in Southeast Asia
have stopped accepting plastic waste
imports. And lower oil prices have further
reduced the market for recycled plastic.
“What the new study really underscores is
we have to get a handle on source
reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
starts with eliminating unnecessary and
problematic single-use plastics.”
From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
The superlative forms of the
adjectives accurate, large, and easy are,
respectively,
Ano: 2021
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2021 - UECE - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Específicos - 2ª Fase - Língua Inglesa |
Q1860176
Inglês
Texto associado
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/
2021/sep/27/
The underlined words in “extreme
heatwaves” (line 13), “current pledges” (lines 14-
15), “polluting countries” (line 32) function
respectively as
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CECIERJ
Órgão:
CEDERJ
Prova:
CECIERJ - 2021 - CEDERJ - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 2022.1 |
Q1859703
Inglês
TEXT 2
Available from: www.nature.com/naturemedicine. Access: 10 Oct. 2021. Adapted.
The linking word “although” (underlined in two sentences of the text) establishes a contrast
between ideas, and it may be replaced by “but”. The alternative which correctly expresses the
ideas which are contrasted in the two sentences is:
Ano: 2018
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
SÃO CAMILO
Prova:
VUNESP - 2018 - SÃO CAMILO - Processo Seletivo - 2º Semestre de 2018 - Medicina |
Q1798995
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The challenge of doctor-patient relations in the internet age
“Let me do some research and I’ll get back to you,” my
patient said. My patient, a 19-year-old student, had already
taken time off from school because of her anxiety. I was her
psychiatrist, with over two decades of experience treating
university students, and had just explained my diagnostic
impressions based on a lengthy evaluation. I’d recommended
that she try a medicine I expected would help. I’d also laid out
the risks and benefits of other treatment options.
“Do you have additional questions I can answer?” I asked.
I wanted to let her know that’s why I was there, to cull the
research, to help make sense of it. “No, I like to go online and
look for myself,” she said.
More and more, I see students turning away from the
expertise that a live person can offer and instead turning to
the vast and somehow more objective-seeming “expertise” of
the digital world.
In an age when journalism we don’t like can be dismissed
as “fake news,” suggesting that the information we do like
is most credible, regardless of its source, it’s not hard to
understand why young people do this. The medical profession
itself, under managed care, has played a role as well, providing
less time for doctor-patient interactions and undermining the
chances that a personal relationship and trust can develop.
Under the guise of efficiency, medical test results are now
often released directly to patients, sometimes before or even
without the benefit of any interpretation.
But there’s danger in trusting data over people, as there
is in thinking the expertise of all people is equivalent. When
it comes to health, digital natives may not be learning how to
navigate effectively. And the consequences could be harmful.
The availability of health data on the internet has its
benefits. Online, for example, we can find explanations and
solutions for symptoms we might be too embarrassed, or
afraid, to discuss with another person, in person. Or, for lifethreatening diseases, we can locate clinical trials our doctors
may not be aware of.
However, there’s also a lot of misleading information, and
information that’s simply untrue. The internet is full of people
selling things – supplements, treatment regimens that have
not been rigorously tested, even prescription medications –
and making false promises that have not been scrutinized
by regulatory agencies. Sometimes, as in the case of some
websites that promote “an anorexic diet” for “aggressive”
weight loss, the information can encourage life-threatening
behavior.
Years ago, when we discussed paternalism versus patient
autonomy in my medical school ethics class, I came down
strongly in favor of autonomy. Who but the patient could best
decide what was right for him or her? But years of clinical –
and personal – experience have taught me that information
in and of itself is insufficient. Judgment is also indispensable,
especially in complex situations, and the capacity for good
judgment rests within people, not data sets.
(Doris Iarovici is a psychiatrist at Harvard University’s Counseling and
Mental Health Services and the author of Mental Health Issues and the
University Student. www.nytimes.com, 01.03.2018. Adaptado.)
No trecho do sétimo parágrafo “However, there’s also a lot of
misleading information, and information that’s simply untrue”,
o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de
sentido, por
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