Questões de Vestibular UNESP 2021 para Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas

Questões Discursivas

Foram encontradas 90 questões

Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204428 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
The research the text and the graph are based on, concluded that 
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204429 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
As informações apresentadas no primeiro parágrafo sobre a relação entre longevidade e educação estão mais bem representadas
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204430 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204431 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
In the excerpt from the first paragraph “and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017”, the underlined word means 
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204432 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “while that of other Americans got shorter”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204433 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
According to the third paragraph, better-educated people 
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204434 Inglês
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.


Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger




(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)


   A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.

   This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This  gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter.

   What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.


(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) 
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with”, a expressão sublinhada equivale, em português, a
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204435 Inglês
Examine os mapas que apresentam a média de anos de escolaridade para a população de 25 anos ou mais, do ano 2000 e do ano 2017, para responder à questão.


Mean years of schooling, 2000




(https://ourworldindata.org. Adapted.)
After comparing both maps, one can say that:
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204436 Inglês

Leia a tira para responder à questão.





(https://thebrickinthesky.wordpress.com)

From the comic strip, one can say that
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204437 Inglês

Leia a tira para responder à questão.





(https://thebrickinthesky.wordpress.com)

No trecho do primeiro quadrinho “I guess we should start it over again”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por 
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204438 História
      Roma não era apenas o parente mais violento da Grécia Clássica, não estava apenas comprometida com engenharia, eficiência militar e absolutismo, enquanto os gregos haviam preferido a especulação intelectual, o teatro e a democracia.

(Mary Beard. SPQR: uma história da Roma antiga. São Paulo, 2017. Adaptado.)

O excerto critica os estereótipos de Roma e Grécia antigas. Essa crítica justifica-se, pois 
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204439 História
A migração de Maomé e seus seguidores para Medina, em 622, marca a 
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204440 História
     Depois do estabelecimento do caminho marítimo para as Índias por Vasco da Gama em 1499, a Coroa portuguesa logo preparou nova expedição, tendo como base as informações recolhidas pelo navegante. E essa era mesmo a melhor saída para o pequenino reino português, que ficava justamente na boca do Atlântico.

(Lilia M. Schwarcz e Heloisa M. Starling. Brasil: uma biografia, 2018.)

Além do motivo apresentado no excerto, contribuíram para que Portugal se lançasse à expansão marítima 
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204441 História
Os povos que viviam nas terras conquistadas pelos portugueses na América 
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204442 História
    [...] as irmandades de negros eram espaços permitidos dentro da legalidade, nos quais o escravo podia manifestar- -se fora de suas relações de trabalho. [...] Em certo sentido, era através da religião católica que o escravo encontrava algum lenitivo para sua situação. Tudo indica que a permissão para a criação das irmandades de negros tenha sido dada com o intuito de obter melhores resultados na cristianização dos escravos [...].
    Paradoxalmente, os negros utilizaram as irmandades para resguardar valores culturais, em especial suas crenças religiosas. [...] Tudo leva a crer que, a partir da realidade vivida naquela época, bem como considerando as dificuldades, o negro recriou e reinterpretou a cultura dominante, adequando-a à sua maneira de ser.

(Ana Lúcia Valente. “As irmandades de negros: resistência e repressão”. In: Horizonte, v. 9, no 21, 2011.)

Segundo o excerto, as irmandades religiosas de negros, no Brasil colonial, eram
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204443 História
Observe a imagem, que é uma parte da gravura “Luís XIV como imperador romano”, de Charles Perrault, 1670.

Imagem associada para resolução da questão
(Apud: Peter Burke. A fabricação do rei: a construção da imagem pública de Luís XIV, 2009.)

A imagem associa a França do século XVII à Roma Antiga,
Alternativas
Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204444 História
    O luxo e a corrupção nasceram entre nós antes da civilização e da indústria. E qual será a causa principal de um fenômeno tão espantoso? A escravidão, senhores, a escravidão. Porque o homem que conta com os trabalhos diários de seus escravos vive na indolência, e a indolência traz todos os vícios após si.

(José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, 1825. Apud: Ynaê Lopes dos Santos. História da África e do Brasil afrodescendente, 2017. Adaptado.)

A manifestação de uma das principais lideranças do país, logo após a independência política, revela a 
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204445 História
Os únicos países africanos não colonizados por potências europeias no século XIX foram
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204446 História
   O crescimento urbano, ao criar um mercado potencial mais amplo, estimulou igualmente o crescimento das indústrias artesanais e de algumas fábricas que empregavam uma força de trabalho concentrada [...].
  Deixando de lado as características peculiares dessa sociedade urbana em expansão, a razão para a crescente debilidade de qualquer expressão política especificamente urbana era a posição peculiar da cidade no sistema econômico e fiscal, consolidado pelo contínuo progresso do setor com base na exportação de produtos agrícolas e pecuários.

(Tulio Halperín Donghi. “A economia e a sociedade na América espanhola do pós-independência”. In: Leslie Bethell (org.). História da América Latina, v. 3, 2004.)

O excerto apresenta uma experiência histórica vivida por alguns países hispano-americanos, e também pelo Brasil, entre as últimas décadas do século XIX e as primeiras do XX. Tal situação
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Ano: 2021 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204447 História
   Gerações inteiras criaram-se à sombra de batalhas nucleares globais que, acreditava-se firmemente, podiam estourar a qualquer momento, e devastar a humanidade. [...]
   A peculiaridade da Guerra Fria era a de que, em termos objetivos, não existia perigo iminente de guerra mundial.

(Eric Hobsbawm. Era dos extremos: o breve século XX: 1914-1991, 1995.)

A contradição entre os dois parágrafos do excerto justifica-se, pois havia
Alternativas
Respostas
21: B
22: E
23: C
24: E
25: A
26: B
27: D
28: C
29: E
30: E
31: A
32: B
33: D
34: C
35: D
36: A
37: E
38: B
39: D
40: E