Questões de Vestibular UNIVESP 2019 para Vestibular
Foram encontradas 56 questões
Q1280858
História
No Brasil, desde a Constituição de 1988, o sufrágio universal foi instituído
para a escolha de vereadores, prefeitos, senadores, deputados estaduais e
federais, além de governadores e presidentes da República. Sufrágio universal
significa que todo o cidadão dentro das normas legais tem direito ao voto.
Tal configuração de participação política foi uma vitória no sentido de ampliação
dos critérios da democracia representativa no país, já que todos os cidadãos
com mais de 16 anos, homens ou mulheres, alfabetizados ou analfabetos,
têm direito a escolher seu representante por meio do voto.
<https://tinyurl.com/ycwd2vjm> Acesso em: 29.05.2019. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, na democracia brasileira atual, o direito ao voto se estende a todos os brasileiros natos ou naturalizados, maiores de 16 anos.
Já na democracia ateniense, na Antiguidade, o direito ao voto era restrito a
<https://tinyurl.com/ycwd2vjm> Acesso em: 29.05.2019. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, na democracia brasileira atual, o direito ao voto se estende a todos os brasileiros natos ou naturalizados, maiores de 16 anos.
Já na democracia ateniense, na Antiguidade, o direito ao voto era restrito a
Q1280859
História
Pelo fato de a imensa maioria da cristandade medieval ser composta de iletrados,
os detalhes do Paraíso Terrestre eram propagados pelo clero cotidianamente
em línguas vulgares. Possuidores da cultura escrita e, portanto, do acesso à
Bíblia, os sacerdotes católicos transmitiam seus ensinamentos principalmente
por meio da palavra, nos sermões e pregações realizados nas missas e
festas religiosas. Gravuras, pinturas, vitrais e esculturas também ajudavam a
veicular as mensagens eclesiásticas numa sociedade em que a leitura era um
privilégio de poucos e uma das principais fontes do poder da Igreja Católica.
CAMPOS, F.; CLARO, R. Oficina de História. São Paulo: Leya, 2015. p.168. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto,
Segundo o texto,
Q1280860
História
Entre os séculos XIII e XIV, as cidades italianas foram
berço de um movimento de transformação intelectual e
cultural que se espalharia por toda a Europa e atingiria o
apogeu nos séculos XV e XVI.
Conhecido como Renascimento, esse movimento se
caracterizava, principalmente,
Q1280861
História
Os historiadores são unânimes em afirmar que Portugal
foi o país pioneiro nas Grandes Navegações europeias
entre o final da Idade Média e o início da Idade Moderna.
Esse pioneirismo se deveu, principalmente
Esse pioneirismo se deveu, principalmente
Q1280862
História
No contexto da conquista e da colonização da América,
as colônias se configuraram em “extensões” territoriais
de suas metrópoles.
Chamada de Pacto Colonial, ou Exclusivo Metropolitano,
a relação entre as metrópoles europeias e suas colônias
americanas determinava que
Q1280863
História
Considerada o pior e mais longo período de recessão
econômica do século XX, a Crise de 1929 teve como
causas a superprodução de bens de consumo e a
especulação financeira. Embora seu epicentro tenha sido
os Estados Unidos, a crise teve efeitos internacionais:
os países que exportavam produtos para os Estados
Unidos perderam mercado, ficando com seus estoques
abarrotados.
No Brasil, a área que mais sofreu com a recessão
econômica foi a de produção de
Q1280864
História
O governo do presidente Juscelino Kubitschek
(1956–1961) foi marcado por otimismo e euforia,
apoiado em ideais modernos e industrializantes.
Sob o lema “50 anos em 5”, esse presidente apresentou
seu Plano de Metas, que consistia, principalmente, em
Q1280865
Química
Gases produzidos pela degradação do lixo orgânico,
realizada por bactérias em aterros sanitários podem ser
recolhidos por meio de drenos horizontais e verticais
dispostos ao longo do aterro, de onde vão para uma
área de tratamento que os condensam e refrigeram. Daí,
já podem ser enviados para os motores do aterro, que
vão gerar energia. Vale lembrar que esse processo aspira
todos os gases provenientes do lixo, e a consequente
junção é chamada de biogás.
No caso da atividade pecuária, existem os biodigestores.
Eles tratam o adubo que provém geralmente de porcos,
mas também de muitos outros animais. Para os donos de
fazenda, esse tipo de geração de energia pode resultar
em economia e até mesmo em lucro. <https://tinyurl.com/y6tn6eyq> Acesso em: 25.05.2019. Adaptado.
O principal componente do biogás é o
O principal componente do biogás é o
Q1280866
Química
Um produtor rural, da Chapada Diamantina,
instalou um biodigestor na propriedade e usa o
gás produzido pelo equipamento para cozinhar.
Com o sistema, economiza na compra do gás de
cozinha convencional. “Eu não tenho mais esse
problema. Me livrei da conta de gás, agora eu
quero me livrar da conta de luz”. <https://tinyurl.com/ycz9v44p> Acesso em: 25.05.2019. Adaptado.
Considere que a massa molar do principal componente do biogás é 16 g/mol e que sua combustão completa produz 802 kJ/mol, nas condições experimentais. A quantidade de energia gerada ao final de um dia, em que houve a formação de 1 kg desse componente do biogás é
Considere que a massa molar do principal componente do biogás é 16 g/mol e que sua combustão completa produz 802 kJ/mol, nas condições experimentais. A quantidade de energia gerada ao final de um dia, em que houve a formação de 1 kg desse componente do biogás é
Q1280867
Química
As emoções que sentimos, como a alegria e a tristeza,
por exemplo, são frutos de uma combinação causada por
dois importantes neurotransmissores no nosso cérebro.
Existem muitas situações que podem fazer com que eles
entrem em ação; contudo, é possível estimulá-los de
forma intencional e, para isso, é necessário conhecê-los.
Esses neurotransmissores, representados na imagem,
são a serotonina e a dopamina, sendo conhecidos,
respectivamente, como hormônios da felicidade e do
bem-estar.
As funções orgânicas presentes nos neurotransmissores representados, são
As funções orgânicas presentes nos neurotransmissores representados, são
Q1280868
Química
Algumas substâncias tóxicas, como metais pesados e pesticidas, apresentam Índice de Toxidez (IT), que limita as
concentrações dessas substâncias nos animais e nos seres
humanos.
Observe a tabela que apresenta padrões adotados para
o Índice de Toxidez (mg/L) da água, segundo resolução
número 20 do CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio
Ambiente).
Metais Pesados Padrões Classes 1 e 2 Padrões Classes 3 e 4
Cádmio 0,001 0,01 Chumbo 0,03 0,05 Cobre 0,02 0,5 Cromo Total* 0,1 0,1 Mercúrio 0,0002 0,002 Níquel 0,025 0,025 Zinco 0,18 5,0 <https://tinyurl.com/yyeahxq5> Acesso em: 20.05.2019. Adaptado
Considerando os Padrões Classes 1 e 2, o componente de maior toxidade deve apresentar IT menor, que corresponde ao
Dadas as Massas Molares, em g/mol: Cd Pb Cu Cr Hg Ni Zn 112 207 63,5 52 201 59 65,5
Metais Pesados Padrões Classes 1 e 2 Padrões Classes 3 e 4
Cádmio 0,001 0,01 Chumbo 0,03 0,05 Cobre 0,02 0,5 Cromo Total* 0,1 0,1 Mercúrio 0,0002 0,002 Níquel 0,025 0,025 Zinco 0,18 5,0 <https://tinyurl.com/yyeahxq5> Acesso em: 20.05.2019. Adaptado
Considerando os Padrões Classes 1 e 2, o componente de maior toxidade deve apresentar IT menor, que corresponde ao
Dadas as Massas Molares, em g/mol: Cd Pb Cu Cr Hg Ni Zn 112 207 63,5 52 201 59 65,5
Q1280869
Química
As reações de esterificação são usadas para obtenção de ésteres flavorizantes, como o etanoato de etila (acetato de etila),
largamente empregado em essências artificiais de frutas como realçador de aromas, como sabor artificial na confeitaria em
sorvetes e bolos, como solvente para tintas e perfumes, como removedor de esmaltes em unhas e como solvente em geral
nos laboratórios químicos. Sua obtenção ocorre por meio da reação entre o ácido etanoico e o etanol, conforme a equação:
Assim, para obtenção do flavorizante butanoato de propila, devemos reagir
Assim, para obtenção do flavorizante butanoato de propila, devemos reagir
Q1280870
Química
Uma das consequências da Lei de Proust é o cálculo estequiométrico, pois, em uma mesma transformação química, as
substâncias reagem entre si, sempre na mesma proporção.
Um estudante elaborou um quadro, fazendo previsões das massas envolvidas na reação de formação da amônia, supondo
rendimento de 100 %, conforme a equação:
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Substâncias nitrogênio hidrogênio amônia
1º experimento 14 g 3 g 17 g 2º experimento 70 g X Y
Os valores das massas, em gramas, que correspondem a X e Y no quadro apresentado, são, respectivamente,
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Substâncias nitrogênio hidrogênio amônia
1º experimento 14 g 3 g 17 g 2º experimento 70 g X Y
Os valores das massas, em gramas, que correspondem a X e Y no quadro apresentado, são, respectivamente,
Q1280871
Química
Em uma aula de Cinética Química, um professor propõe
aos alunos analisarem as reações de decomposição da
água oxigenada, que ocorrem em dois tubos de ensaio,
sendo que um deles contém uma substância que atua
como catalisador.
Os alunos esboçaram gráficos do volume de oxigênio
liberado em função do tempo, de acordo com a
reação apresentada, para cada experimento, conforme
representado na imagem.
H2O2 → H2O + ½ O2
Conclui-se corretamente que a curva tracejada corresponde ao experimento
H2O2 → H2O + ½ O2
Conclui-se corretamente que a curva tracejada corresponde ao experimento
Q1280872
Inglês
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HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
Depreende-se do texto que
Q1280873
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
A pesquisa descrita no texto sugere que a longevidade
está conectada
Q1280874
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
A explicação dada pelos autores da pesquisa ao conceito
de purpose seria
Q1280875
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
Assinale uma explicação dada pelos cientistas para
justificar suas descobertas.
Q1280876
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
No trecho do segundo parágrafo — and used it to come up
with a score – o termo em destaque se refere a
Q1280877
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
HEALTH
PEOPLE WITH A SENSE OF PURPOSE LIVE LONGER,
STUDY SUGGESTS
BY KASHMIRA GANDER ON 5/24/19 AT 11:10 AM EDT
People who have a sense of purpose in life appear to
live longer, according to the latest research linking
this outlook to a person’s quality of life and to better
physical and mental health.
The authors of the study published in the journal
JAMA Network Open looked at data collected from 6,985 adults who were signed up to the Health
and Retirement Study on people ages 50 and above
in the US. The team looked at a group who completed
a questionnaire in 2006 about their purpose in life,
and used it to come up with a score. On average, the
participants were 68.6 years old. Next, the scientists
looked at causes of death in the group between 2006
and 2010. Variables included their demographic,
marital status, race and education level. Lifestyle
choices like smoking and drinking were also noted.
Purpose was defined by the authors as a selforganizing life aim that stimulates goals, promotes
healthy behaviors and gives meaning to life.
The data revealed that the stronger the participants
felt they had a purpose in life, the lower their risk of
dying. This result remained even when the scientists
adjusted their calculations for factors that could affect
their score, such as a participants’ sociodemographic
status and their health.
But scientists don’t know why there seems to be a
link between purposefulness and the length of life.
One explanation is that the attitude and overall wellbeing could prevent genes linked with inflammation
from being expressed in the body. Meanwhile, lacking
a purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be
healthy and active, the authors suggested.
Andrew Oswald, a professor of economics and
behavioral science at the University of Warwick, in the
U.K., who studies human happiness, told Newsweek:
“It is as though the mind and body can draw on a pool
of immune responses, and a healthy mind allows the
body more immune response, in some way that we
simply do not understand in 2019. Remarkably, a
number of studies seem to show that happy people
and people with a sense of purpose live longer.
<https://tinyurl.com/yykc8uu4> Acesso em: 27.05.2019. Adaptado.
No trecho do quinto parágrafo — Meanwhile, lacking a
purpose could dampen a person’s motivation to be healthy and
active – o termo em destaque corresponde em português a
Conheça nossos planos