Questões de Vestibular PUC - PR 2017 para Vestibular - Medicina

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China’s myopia epidemic: why a simple solution is being ignored
“Myopia rates have shot up in the last two decades,” Shanghai ophthalmologist Xu Xun says, as we speak in a conference room at the treatment centre. “According to our statistics, between 10 per cent and 20 per cent of primary school pupils start classes with myopia. Then the percentage rises to up to 50 per cent for secondary school students. In university, 90 per cent are short-sighted.” The growing prevalence of myopia is not only a Chinese problem, but it is an especially East Asian one. According to a study published in The Lancet medical journal in 2012, by Ian Morgan, of the Australian National University, South Korea leads the pack, with 96 per cent of young adults (below the age 20) having myopia; and the rate for Seoul is even higher. In Taiwan, 85 per cent of young adults are myopic, according to the study, and in Singapore, the figure is 82 per cent. But why are Asian children particularly prone to myopia? Although the question tends to create a heated discussion among doctors, Xu doesn’t hesitate when answering. “First of all, it’s not genetic. We’ve done many studies and that is something we are sure of. “It’s a quite recent phenomenon. In the 1960s, only 20 per cent of the Chinese population was short-sighted. We can argue checks were not so common at that time, but the gap is still large. And genetic changes take much longer to shape. Plus, myopia is mostly prevalent in urban areas, while the rates in the countryside are noticeably lower.” http://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/2085125/chinas-myopia-epidemic-why-simple-solution-being
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Varicose veins: Here's what you can do about them
Varicose veins is a term commonly used to describe visible leg veins. But true varicose veins are dilated and very prominent. Small varicose veins may not be a problem, but as varicose veins worsen they become distended and tortuous (full of twists and turns) and can cause the legs to feel heavy and ache. Swelling of the feet and ankles is an early sign of impaired function of the valves in our veins that keep the blood flowing, and severe varicose veins can be very painful. There's good evidence varicose veins have a genetic link and are also associated with a history of deep vein thrombosis (blood clots that obstruct the veins).  It's not possible to prevent varicose veins from forming, but simple actions can improve blood circulation in the feet and legs, and stop varicose veins from getting worse. Try to elevate your legs when sitting, resting and sleeping; reduce weight if you are overweight or obese; and wear lower-heeled shoes to work calf muscles. Treatments for varicose veins depend on the severity of symptoms, aesthetics and the risk of complications. Treatment may include compression stockings, lifestyle changes or a range of surgical options.  http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-06/varicose-veins-heres-what-you-can-do-about-them/9232812
Analise as assertivas que seguem.
I. Nem toda veia visível é uma varicose. II. Não há cirurgias que eliminem varizes. III. Os cientistas têm certeza de que as varizes decorrem de herança genética. IV. Ações que auxiliem na circulação podem evitar que as varizes piorem. V. A prevenção ainda é o mais indicado quando se trata de varizes.
De acordo com o texto, está(ão) CORRETA(S) somente:

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'I Was Hooked': Bodybuilder Rich Piana Defended His 27 Years of Steroid Use Before His Shocking Death at 46
Before his death, bodybuilder Rich Piana was outspoken about his near 30 years of steroid usage despite admitting time and time again that the drug “can kill you.”The former Mr. California’s death was confirmed Friday morning in a Facebook post by his estranged wife Sara Piana — just two weeks after TMZ Sports reported he was placed in a medically induced coma after passing out in his Florida home, where 20 bottles of testosterone were reportedly found by police. With an Instagram following of 1.2 million users and hundreds and thousands of viewers following his YouTube channel, Piana had a large audience of fans — many of which were young men, who would flock to bodybuilding and fitness conventions to meet the 46-year-old star. But though Piana was open about his drug use, he maintained that he was “not bragging” or encouraging steroid use in others. Instead, Piana claimed he used his platform to educate those who were going to use them on how to use the drugs “properly.” http://people.com/bodies/rich-piana-death-steroid-use-quotes/
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta o propósito comunicativo do texto 

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World Obesity Day: Which countries have the biggest weight problem?
More than 603 million adults and 107 million children (out of a global population of around 7.5 billion) are obese, according to a report published earlier this year from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, based at the University of Washington in Seattle. That represents around five per cent of all children and 12 per cent of all adults. But which nations have the highest levels of obesity? Telegraph Travel took data from the CIA's World Factbook and, contrary to what some may believe, it is not the US that tops the chart, but rather American Samoa - an unincorporated territory of the US in the South Pacific - where a whopping 74.6 per cent are considered to be obese. A slew of other South Pacific nations follow, including Nauru, Tonga, Samoa, Palau and Kiribati. In fact, Kuwait is the only country outside the region to feature in the top 10. There is a clear obesity problem in the South Pacific, with the weight of adults is increasing at four times the global average. Some have claimed the islanders are genetically predisposed to putting on weight, while a 2014 report suggested that colonial settlers, who taught them Western ways of eating - frying fish, for example, rather than eating it raw - are to blame. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/the-most-obese-fattest-countries-in-the-world/
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a causa fundamental apresentada pelo autor do texto para o aumento da obesidade.

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The Key to Weight Loss Is Diet Quality, Not Quantity, a New Study Finds
Anyone who has ever been on a diet knows that the standard prescription for weight loss is to reduce the amount of calories you consume. But a new study, published Tuesday in JAMA, may turn that advice on its head. It found that people who cut back on added sugar, refined grains and highly processed foods while concentrating on eating plenty of vegetables and whole foods — without worrying about counting calories or limiting portion sizes — lost significant amounts of weight over the course of a year. The strategy worked for people whether they followed diets that were mostly low in fat or mostly low in carbohydrates. And their success did not appear to be influenced by their genetics or their insulin-response to carbohydrates, a finding that casts doubt on the increasingly popular idea that different diets should be recommended to people based on their DNA makeup or on their tolerance for carbs or fat. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/well/eat/counting-calories-weight-loss-diet-dieting-low-carb-lowfat.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health®ion=rank&module=package&version= highlights&contentPlacement=1&pgtype=sectionfront
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta um exemplo de itens de um diário alimentar de alguém que seguiu os achados do novo estudo citado no texto.