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by Julia Leite and Paula Sambo
August 26, 2015
Not long ago, Brazil's real-estate market was one of the biggest symbols of the country's burgeoning economic might. Now, it's fallen victim to an ever-deepening recession.
PDG Realty SA, once the largest homebuilder by revenue, hired Rothschild last week to help restructure 5.8 billion reais ($1.6 billion) of debt after second-quarter net sales sank 88 percent. Earlier this month, Rossi Residencial SA, which has 2.5 billion reais in debt, also brought in advisers to “restructure operations and review strategies." Since 2010, the builder has lost 99 percent of its stock-market value.
The real-estate industry, which is equal to about 10 percent of Brazil's economy, is emerging as one of the latest casualties of a recession that analysts forecast will be its longest since the 1930s. To make matters worse, interest rates are the highest in almost a decade while inflation is soaring. “There is no real estate company that survives without sales," Bruno Mendonça Lima de Carvalho, the head of fixed income at Guide Investimentos SA, said from Sao Paulo. “You can't import or export apartments. You're relying solely on domestic activity."
PDG tried to boost revenue by lowering prices, financing up to 20 percent of some home purchases and even offering to buy back apartments if banks deny financing. Still, it sold just 217 units in the second quarter on a net basis, compared with 1,749 in 2014.
Negative Outlook
On Friday, Moody's Investors Service cut PDG's rating three levels to Caa3, citing the possibility of significant losses for bondholders and other lenders. Secured creditors may recover less than 80 percent in a default, according to Moody's, which kept a negative outlook on the rating. “The company is facing additional liquidity pressures from a prolonged deterioration in industry dynamics, including weak sales speed, tight financing availability and declining real estate prices," Moody's said.
Sao Paulo-based Rossi said in an e-mailed response to questions that second quarter sales improved and that the company's main focus is to reduce debt. Gross debt fell about 30 percent in the 12 months ended in June, Rossi said.
Home sales in Latin America's biggest economy tumbled 14 percent in the first half of 2015, according to data from the national real estate institute. Builders cut new projects by 20 percent during that span, while available financing shrank by about a quarter.
Real's Collapse
That's a reversal from just two years ago, when realestate prices in places like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo had surged as much as 230 percent as rising incomes, a soaring real and record-low borrowing costs ignited a wave of home buying.
Brazilians find themselves in drastically different circumstances today. The currency fell 0.4 percent Wednesday as of 3:25 p.m. in New York, extending its loss this year to 26 percent. The jobless rate climbed to a five-year high of 7.5 percent last month.
The central bank boosted its key rate to 14.25 percent in July, making it ever more expensive to finance the purchase of a home. “It's a matter of demand, and demand is really weak," Will Landers, who manages Latin American stocks at BlackRock, said from Princeton, New Jersey. “We may have reached a peak in interest rates, but they should continue to be at these levels for a while. Consumers will stay on the sidelines because debt levels are still high, and employment will get worse."
(Business Week at www.bloomberg.com/news. Adapted)
by Julia Leite and Paula Sambo
August 26, 2015
Not long ago, Brazil's real-estate market was one of the biggest symbols of the country's burgeoning economic might. Now, it's fallen victim to an ever-deepening recession.
PDG Realty SA, once the largest homebuilder by revenue, hired Rothschild last week to help restructure 5.8 billion reais ($1.6 billion) of debt after second-quarter net sales sank 88 percent. Earlier this month, Rossi Residencial SA, which has 2.5 billion reais in debt, also brought in advisers to “restructure operations and review strategies." Since 2010, the builder has lost 99 percent of its stock-market value.
The real-estate industry, which is equal to about 10 percent of Brazil's economy, is emerging as one of the latest casualties of a recession that analysts forecast will be its longest since the 1930s. To make matters worse, interest rates are the highest in almost a decade while inflation is soaring. “There is no real estate company that survives without sales," Bruno Mendonça Lima de Carvalho, the head of fixed income at Guide Investimentos SA, said from Sao Paulo. “You can't import or export apartments. You're relying solely on domestic activity."
PDG tried to boost revenue by lowering prices, financing up to 20 percent of some home purchases and even offering to buy back apartments if banks deny financing. Still, it sold just 217 units in the second quarter on a net basis, compared with 1,749 in 2014.
Negative Outlook
On Friday, Moody's Investors Service cut PDG's rating three levels to Caa3, citing the possibility of significant losses for bondholders and other lenders. Secured creditors may recover less than 80 percent in a default, according to Moody's, which kept a negative outlook on the rating. “The company is facing additional liquidity pressures from a prolonged deterioration in industry dynamics, including weak sales speed, tight financing availability and declining real estate prices," Moody's said.
Sao Paulo-based Rossi said in an e-mailed response to questions that second quarter sales improved and that the company's main focus is to reduce debt. Gross debt fell about 30 percent in the 12 months ended in June, Rossi said.
Home sales in Latin America's biggest economy tumbled 14 percent in the first half of 2015, according to data from the national real estate institute. Builders cut new projects by 20 percent during that span, while available financing shrank by about a quarter.
Real's Collapse
That's a reversal from just two years ago, when realestate prices in places like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo had surged as much as 230 percent as rising incomes, a soaring real and record-low borrowing costs ignited a wave of home buying.
Brazilians find themselves in drastically different circumstances today. The currency fell 0.4 percent Wednesday as of 3:25 p.m. in New York, extending its loss this year to 26 percent. The jobless rate climbed to a five-year high of 7.5 percent last month.
The central bank boosted its key rate to 14.25 percent in July, making it ever more expensive to finance the purchase of a home. “It's a matter of demand, and demand is really weak," Will Landers, who manages Latin American stocks at BlackRock, said from Princeton, New Jersey. “We may have reached a peak in interest rates, but they should continue to be at these levels for a while. Consumers will stay on the sidelines because debt levels are still high, and employment will get worse."
(Business Week at www.bloomberg.com/news. Adapted)
by Julia Leite and Paula Sambo
August 26, 2015
Not long ago, Brazil's real-estate market was one of the biggest symbols of the country's burgeoning economic might. Now, it's fallen victim to an ever-deepening recession.
PDG Realty SA, once the largest homebuilder by revenue, hired Rothschild last week to help restructure 5.8 billion reais ($1.6 billion) of debt after second-quarter net sales sank 88 percent. Earlier this month, Rossi Residencial SA, which has 2.5 billion reais in debt, also brought in advisers to “restructure operations and review strategies." Since 2010, the builder has lost 99 percent of its stock-market value.
The real-estate industry, which is equal to about 10 percent of Brazil's economy, is emerging as one of the latest casualties of a recession that analysts forecast will be its longest since the 1930s. To make matters worse, interest rates are the highest in almost a decade while inflation is soaring. “There is no real estate company that survives without sales," Bruno Mendonça Lima de Carvalho, the head of fixed income at Guide Investimentos SA, said from Sao Paulo. “You can't import or export apartments. You're relying solely on domestic activity."
PDG tried to boost revenue by lowering prices, financing up to 20 percent of some home purchases and even offering to buy back apartments if banks deny financing. Still, it sold just 217 units in the second quarter on a net basis, compared with 1,749 in 2014.
Negative Outlook
On Friday, Moody's Investors Service cut PDG's rating three levels to Caa3, citing the possibility of significant losses for bondholders and other lenders. Secured creditors may recover less than 80 percent in a default, according to Moody's, which kept a negative outlook on the rating. “The company is facing additional liquidity pressures from a prolonged deterioration in industry dynamics, including weak sales speed, tight financing availability and declining real estate prices," Moody's said.
Sao Paulo-based Rossi said in an e-mailed response to questions that second quarter sales improved and that the company's main focus is to reduce debt. Gross debt fell about 30 percent in the 12 months ended in June, Rossi said.
Home sales in Latin America's biggest economy tumbled 14 percent in the first half of 2015, according to data from the national real estate institute. Builders cut new projects by 20 percent during that span, while available financing shrank by about a quarter.
Real's Collapse
That's a reversal from just two years ago, when realestate prices in places like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo had surged as much as 230 percent as rising incomes, a soaring real and record-low borrowing costs ignited a wave of home buying.
Brazilians find themselves in drastically different circumstances today. The currency fell 0.4 percent Wednesday as of 3:25 p.m. in New York, extending its loss this year to 26 percent. The jobless rate climbed to a five-year high of 7.5 percent last month.
The central bank boosted its key rate to 14.25 percent in July, making it ever more expensive to finance the purchase of a home. “It's a matter of demand, and demand is really weak," Will Landers, who manages Latin American stocks at BlackRock, said from Princeton, New Jersey. “We may have reached a peak in interest rates, but they should continue to be at these levels for a while. Consumers will stay on the sidelines because debt levels are still high, and employment will get worse."
(Business Week at www.bloomberg.com/news. Adapted)
by Julia Leite and Paula Sambo
August 26, 2015
Not long ago, Brazil's real-estate market was one of the biggest symbols of the country's burgeoning economic might. Now, it's fallen victim to an ever-deepening recession.
PDG Realty SA, once the largest homebuilder by revenue, hired Rothschild last week to help restructure 5.8 billion reais ($1.6 billion) of debt after second-quarter net sales sank 88 percent. Earlier this month, Rossi Residencial SA, which has 2.5 billion reais in debt, also brought in advisers to “restructure operations and review strategies." Since 2010, the builder has lost 99 percent of its stock-market value.
The real-estate industry, which is equal to about 10 percent of Brazil's economy, is emerging as one of the latest casualties of a recession that analysts forecast will be its longest since the 1930s. To make matters worse, interest rates are the highest in almost a decade while inflation is soaring. “There is no real estate company that survives without sales," Bruno Mendonça Lima de Carvalho, the head of fixed income at Guide Investimentos SA, said from Sao Paulo. “You can't import or export apartments. You're relying solely on domestic activity."
PDG tried to boost revenue by lowering prices, financing up to 20 percent of some home purchases and even offering to buy back apartments if banks deny financing. Still, it sold just 217 units in the second quarter on a net basis, compared with 1,749 in 2014.
Negative Outlook
On Friday, Moody's Investors Service cut PDG's rating three levels to Caa3, citing the possibility of significant losses for bondholders and other lenders. Secured creditors may recover less than 80 percent in a default, according to Moody's, which kept a negative outlook on the rating. “The company is facing additional liquidity pressures from a prolonged deterioration in industry dynamics, including weak sales speed, tight financing availability and declining real estate prices," Moody's said.
Sao Paulo-based Rossi said in an e-mailed response to questions that second quarter sales improved and that the company's main focus is to reduce debt. Gross debt fell about 30 percent in the 12 months ended in June, Rossi said.
Home sales in Latin America's biggest economy tumbled 14 percent in the first half of 2015, according to data from the national real estate institute. Builders cut new projects by 20 percent during that span, while available financing shrank by about a quarter.
Real's Collapse
That's a reversal from just two years ago, when realestate prices in places like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo had surged as much as 230 percent as rising incomes, a soaring real and record-low borrowing costs ignited a wave of home buying.
Brazilians find themselves in drastically different circumstances today. The currency fell 0.4 percent Wednesday as of 3:25 p.m. in New York, extending its loss this year to 26 percent. The jobless rate climbed to a five-year high of 7.5 percent last month.
The central bank boosted its key rate to 14.25 percent in July, making it ever more expensive to finance the purchase of a home. “It's a matter of demand, and demand is really weak," Will Landers, who manages Latin American stocks at BlackRock, said from Princeton, New Jersey. “We may have reached a peak in interest rates, but they should continue to be at these levels for a while. Consumers will stay on the sidelines because debt levels are still high, and employment will get worse."
(Business Week at www.bloomberg.com/news. Adapted)
by Julia Leite and Paula Sambo
August 26, 2015
Not long ago, Brazil's real-estate market was one of the biggest symbols of the country's burgeoning economic might. Now, it's fallen victim to an ever-deepening recession.
PDG Realty SA, once the largest homebuilder by revenue, hired Rothschild last week to help restructure 5.8 billion reais ($1.6 billion) of debt after second-quarter net sales sank 88 percent. Earlier this month, Rossi Residencial SA, which has 2.5 billion reais in debt, also brought in advisers to “restructure operations and review strategies." Since 2010, the builder has lost 99 percent of its stock-market value.
The real-estate industry, which is equal to about 10 percent of Brazil's economy, is emerging as one of the latest casualties of a recession that analysts forecast will be its longest since the 1930s. To make matters worse, interest rates are the highest in almost a decade while inflation is soaring. “There is no real estate company that survives without sales," Bruno Mendonça Lima de Carvalho, the head of fixed income at Guide Investimentos SA, said from Sao Paulo. “You can't import or export apartments. You're relying solely on domestic activity."
PDG tried to boost revenue by lowering prices, financing up to 20 percent of some home purchases and even offering to buy back apartments if banks deny financing. Still, it sold just 217 units in the second quarter on a net basis, compared with 1,749 in 2014.
Negative Outlook
On Friday, Moody's Investors Service cut PDG's rating three levels to Caa3, citing the possibility of significant losses for bondholders and other lenders. Secured creditors may recover less than 80 percent in a default, according to Moody's, which kept a negative outlook on the rating. “The company is facing additional liquidity pressures from a prolonged deterioration in industry dynamics, including weak sales speed, tight financing availability and declining real estate prices," Moody's said.
Sao Paulo-based Rossi said in an e-mailed response to questions that second quarter sales improved and that the company's main focus is to reduce debt. Gross debt fell about 30 percent in the 12 months ended in June, Rossi said.
Home sales in Latin America's biggest economy tumbled 14 percent in the first half of 2015, according to data from the national real estate institute. Builders cut new projects by 20 percent during that span, while available financing shrank by about a quarter.
Real's Collapse
That's a reversal from just two years ago, when realestate prices in places like Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo had surged as much as 230 percent as rising incomes, a soaring real and record-low borrowing costs ignited a wave of home buying.
Brazilians find themselves in drastically different circumstances today. The currency fell 0.4 percent Wednesday as of 3:25 p.m. in New York, extending its loss this year to 26 percent. The jobless rate climbed to a five-year high of 7.5 percent last month.
The central bank boosted its key rate to 14.25 percent in July, making it ever more expensive to finance the purchase of a home. “It's a matter of demand, and demand is really weak," Will Landers, who manages Latin American stocks at BlackRock, said from Princeton, New Jersey. “We may have reached a peak in interest rates, but they should continue to be at these levels for a while. Consumers will stay on the sidelines because debt levels are still high, and employment will get worse."
(Business Week at www.bloomberg.com/news. Adapted)
GM wheat no more
pest-resistant than ordinary crops, trial shows
GM wheat designed to repel aphids is no more effective at repelling the bugs than standard varieties a major field trial has revealed
Ian Sample
June 25, 2015
A major field trial of GM wheat that is designed to repel aphids (small insects) has found the crop is no better protected against the pests than conventional wheat. The results come from two years of trials that compared aphid attacks on standard wheat plants with those suffered by a GM version modified to release a natural aphid repellent.
Scientists created the GM wheat strain in the hope that it would deter aphids, which devour the crops and can leave them with infections. They modified the wheat to produce a natural pheromone which aphids release when under attack from predators. The “aphid alarm” makes the bugs flee to safety. Aphids are not the only organisms that release the odour though. More than 400 plants have evolved to secrete the same substance, called E-betafarnesene, or EBF, including peppermint. The chemical doubles up as an attractant for some insects that kill aphids, such as parasitic wasps.
Prior to the field trial, lab tests at Rothamsted found that the pheromone worked as a highly-effective aphid repellent. The work bolstered researchers’ hopes that the trial would demonstrate the crop’s resilience against aphids in the wild. An aphid-resistant wheat crop could have huge benefits for farmers and the environment because the plants would no longer need to be sprayed with insecticides.
“The disappointing thing is that when we tested it in the field, we didn’t find any significant reduction in aphid settlement in the test plots,” said Toby Bruce, who worked on the trial. Details of the trial are published in the journal Scientific Reports.
(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)
GM wheat no more
pest-resistant than ordinary crops, trial shows
GM wheat designed to repel aphids is no more effective at repelling the bugs than standard varieties a major field trial has revealed
Ian Sample
June 25, 2015
A major field trial of GM wheat that is designed to repel aphids (small insects) has found the crop is no better protected against the pests than conventional wheat. The results come from two years of trials that compared aphid attacks on standard wheat plants with those suffered by a GM version modified to release a natural aphid repellent.
Scientists created the GM wheat strain in the hope that it would deter aphids, which devour the crops and can leave them with infections. They modified the wheat to produce a natural pheromone which aphids release when under attack from predators. The “aphid alarm” makes the bugs flee to safety. Aphids are not the only organisms that release the odour though. More than 400 plants have evolved to secrete the same substance, called E-betafarnesene, or EBF, including peppermint. The chemical doubles up as an attractant for some insects that kill aphids, such as parasitic wasps.
Prior to the field trial, lab tests at Rothamsted found that the pheromone worked as a highly-effective aphid repellent. The work bolstered researchers’ hopes that the trial would demonstrate the crop’s resilience against aphids in the wild. An aphid-resistant wheat crop could have huge benefits for farmers and the environment because the plants would no longer need to be sprayed with insecticides.
“The disappointing thing is that when we tested it in the field, we didn’t find any significant reduction in aphid settlement in the test plots,” said Toby Bruce, who worked on the trial. Details of the trial are published in the journal Scientific Reports.
(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)
GM wheat no more
pest-resistant than ordinary crops, trial shows
GM wheat designed to repel aphids is no more effective at repelling the bugs than standard varieties a major field trial has revealed
Ian Sample
June 25, 2015
A major field trial of GM wheat that is designed to repel aphids (small insects) has found the crop is no better protected against the pests than conventional wheat. The results come from two years of trials that compared aphid attacks on standard wheat plants with those suffered by a GM version modified to release a natural aphid repellent.
Scientists created the GM wheat strain in the hope that it would deter aphids, which devour the crops and can leave them with infections. They modified the wheat to produce a natural pheromone which aphids release when under attack from predators. The “aphid alarm” makes the bugs flee to safety. Aphids are not the only organisms that release the odour though. More than 400 plants have evolved to secrete the same substance, called E-betafarnesene, or EBF, including peppermint. The chemical doubles up as an attractant for some insects that kill aphids, such as parasitic wasps.
Prior to the field trial, lab tests at Rothamsted found that the pheromone worked as a highly-effective aphid repellent. The work bolstered researchers’ hopes that the trial would demonstrate the crop’s resilience against aphids in the wild. An aphid-resistant wheat crop could have huge benefits for farmers and the environment because the plants would no longer need to be sprayed with insecticides.
“The disappointing thing is that when we tested it in the field, we didn’t find any significant reduction in aphid settlement in the test plots,” said Toby Bruce, who worked on the trial. Details of the trial are published in the journal Scientific Reports.
(www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.)
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides.
In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for risk analysis of GM food.
(www.who.int)
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides.
In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for risk analysis of GM food.
(www.who.int)
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides.
In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for risk analysis of GM food.
(www.who.int)
Genetically modified foods
Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides.
In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. All GM foods should be assessed before being allowed on the market. FAO/WHO Codex guidelines exist for risk analysis of GM food.
(www.who.int)
Examine o quadrinho para responder à questão.
Examine o quadrinho para responder à questão.
Examine o cartum.
The cartoon means that
TEXTO 8
CAPÍTULO IV
Este Quincas Borba, se acaso me fizeste o favor de ler as Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, é aquele mesmo náufrago da existência, que ali aparece, mendigo, herdeiro inopinado, e inventor de uma filosofia. Aqui o tens agora em Barbacena. Logo que chegou, enamorou-se de uma viúva, senhora de condição mediana e parcos meios de vida; mas, tão acanhada, que os suspiros no namorado ficavam sem eco. Chamava-se Maria da Piedade. Um irmão dela, que é o presente Rubião, fez todo o possível para casá-los. Piedade resistiu, um pleuris a levou.
Foi esse trechozinho de romance que ligou os dois homens. Saberia Rubião que o nosso Quincas Borba trazia aquele grãozinho de sandice, que um médico supôs achar-lhe? Seguramente, não; tinha-o por homem esquisito. É, todavia, certo que o grãozinho não se despegou do cérebro de Quincas Borba, — nem antes, nem depois da moléstia que lentamente o comeu. Quincas Borba tivera ali alguns parentes, mortos já agora em 1867; o último foi o tio que o deixou por herdeiro de seus bens. Rubião ficou sendo o único amigo do filósofo. Regia então uma escola de meninos, que fechou para tratar do enfermo. Antes de professor, metera ombros a algumas empresas, que foram a pique.
Durou o cargo de enfermeiro mais de cinco meses, perto de seis. Era real o desvelo de Rubião, paciente, risonho, múltiplo, ouvindo as ordens do médico, dando os remédios às horas marcadas, saindo a passeio com o doente, sem esquecer nada, nem o serviço da casa, nem a leitura dos jornais, logo que chegava a mala da Corte ou a de Ouro Preto.
— Tu és bom, Rubião, suspirava Quincas Borba.
— Grande façanha! Como se você fosse mau!
A opinião ostensiva do médico era que a doença do Quincas Borba iria saindo devagar. Um dia, o nosso Rubião, acompanhando o médico até à porta da rua, perguntou-lhe qual era o verdadeiro estado do amigo. Ouviu que estava perdido, completamente perdido; mas, que o fosse animando. Para que tornar-lhe a morte mais aflitiva pela certeza...?
— Lá isso, não, atalhou Rubião; para ele, morrer é negócio fácil. Nunca leu um livro que ele escreveu, há anos, não sei que negócio de filosofia...
— Não; mas filosofia é uma coisa, e morrer de verdade é outra; adeus.
(ASSIS, Machado de. Quincas Borba. São Paulo: Ática, 2011. p. 23-24.)
In Text 8, most of the verbs in Portuguese are conjugated in the past tense, such as “chegou”, “enamorou-se” e “resistiu”. Complete the following text using the correct past tense conjugation of the verbs in parenthesis in English:
Last night Susan (go) ____________ to her friend’s birthday party. She (dance) ____________ with her boyfriend, and (eat) ____________ cake. After they (leave) ____________ the party, Susan and her boyfriend (decide) ____________ to go and watch a movie at the theater. They (see) ____________ the new Transformer’s movie, and then they went home. When she (get) ____________ home, Susan (take) ____________ a shower and (fall) ____________ asleep quickly.
Choose the correct option from the ones listed below:
TEXTO 7
Memórias de um pesquisador
Não era bem vida, era uma modorra – mas de qualquer modo suportável e até agradável. Terminou bruscamente, porém, eu estando com vinte e oito anos e um pequeno bujão de gás explodindo mesmo à minha frente, no laboratório de eletrônica em que trabalhava, como auxiliar. Me levaram às pressas para o hospital, os médicos duvidando que eu escapasse. Escapei, mas não sem danos. Perdi todos os dedos da mão esquerda e três (sobraram o polegar e o mínimo) da direita. Além disso fiquei com o rosto seriamente queimado. Eu já não era bonito antes, mas o resultado final – mesmo depois das operações plásticas – não era agradável de se olhar. Deus, não era nada agradável.
No entanto, nos primeiros meses após o acidente eu não via motivos para estar triste. Aposentei-me com um bom salário. Minha velha tia, com quem eu morava, desvelava-se em cuidados. Preparava os pastéis de que eu mais gostava, cortava-os em pedacinhos que introduzia em minha boca – derramando sentidas lágrimas cuja razão, francamente, eu não percebia. Deves chorar por meu pai – eu dizia – que está morto, por minha mãe que está morta, por meu irmão mais velho que está morto; mas choras por mim. Por quê? Escapei com vida de uma explosão que teria liquidado qualquer um; não preciso mais trabalhar; cuidas de mim com desvelo; de que devo me queixar?
Cedo descobri. Ao visitar certa modista.
Esta senhora, uma viúva recatada mas ardente, me recebia todos os sábados, dia em que os filhos estavam fora. Quando me senti suficientemente forte telefonei explicando minha prolongada ausência e marcamos um encontro.
Ao me ver ficou, como era de se esperar, consternada. Vais te acostumar, eu disse, e propus irmos para a cama. Me amava, e concordou. Logo me deparei com uma dificuldade: o coto (assim eu chamava o que tinha me sobrado da mão esquerda) e a pinça (os dois dedos restantes da direita) não me forneciam o necessário apoio. O coto, particularmente, tinha uma certa tendência a resvalar pelo corpo coberto de suor da pobre mulher. Seus olhos se arregalavam; quanto mais apavorada ficava, mais suava e mais o coto escorregava.
Sou engenhoso. Trabalhando com técnicos e cientistas aprendi muita coisa, de modo que logo resolvi o problema: com uma tesoura, fiz duas incisões no colchão. Ali ancorei coto e pinça. Pude assim amá-la, e bem.
– Não aguentava mais – confessei, depois. – Seis meses no seco!
Não me respondeu. Chorava. – Vais me perdoar, Armando – disse – eu gosto de ti, eu te amo, mas não suporto te ver assim. Peço-te, amor, que não me procures mais.
– E quem vai me atender daqui por diante? – perguntei, ultrajado.
Mas ela já estava chorando de novo. Levantei-me e saí. Não foi nessa ocasião, contudo, que fiquei deprimido. Foi mais tarde; exatamente uma semana depois.
[...]
(SCLIAR, Moacyr. Melhores contos. Seleção de
Regina Zilbermann. São Paulo: Global, 2003. p.
176-177.)
TEXTO 6
[…]
Amado (na sua euforia profissional) – Cunha,
escuta. Vi um caso agora. Ali, na praça da Bandeira. Um caso que. Cunha, ouve. Esse caso pode ser a tua salvação!
Cunha (num lamento) – Estou mais sujo do que pau de galinheiro!
Amado (incisivo e jocundo) – Porque você é uma besta, Cunha. Você é o delegado mais burro do Rio de Janeiro.
(Cunha ergue-se.)
Cunha (entre ameaçador e suplicante) – Não pense que. Você não se ofende, mas eu me ofendo.
Amado (jocundo) – Senta!
(Cunha obedece novamente.)
Cunha (com um esgar de choro) – Te dou um tiro!
Amado – Você não é de nada. Então, dá. Dá!
Quedê?
Cunha – Qual é o caso?
Amado – Olha. Agorinha, na praça da Bandeira. Um rapaz foi atropelado. Estava juntinho de mim. Nessa distância. O fato é que caiu. Vinha um lotação raspando. Rente ao meio-fio. Apanha o cara. Em cheio. Joga longe. Há aquele bafafá. Corre pra cá, pra lá. O sujeito estava lá, estendido, morrendo.
Cunha (que parece beber as palavras do repórter) – E daí?
Amado (valorizando o efeito culminante) – De repente, um outro cara aparece, ajoelha-se no asfalto, ajoelha-se. Apanha a cabeça do atropelado e dá-lhe um beijo na boca.
CUNHA (confuso e insatisfeito) – Que mais?
Amado (rindo) – Só.
Cunha (desorientado) – Quer dizer que. Um sujeito beija outro na boca e. Não houve mais nada. Só isso?
(Amado ergue-se. Anda de um lado para outro. Estaca, alarga o peito.)
Amado – Só isso!
Cunha – Não entendo.
Amado (abrindo os braços para o teto) – Sujeito burro! (para o delegado) Escuta, escuta! Você não quer se limpar? Hein? Não quer se limpar?
Cunha – Quero!
Amado – Pois esse caso.
Cunha – Mas ...
Amado – Não interrompe! Ou você não percebe?
Escuta […]
(RODRIGUES, Nelson. O beijo no asfalto. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1995. p. 12/13.)
I- Hurry up! We're going to be late for the party.
II- I am going to study for the test.
III- Why can't I spend the night at my friend's house?
IV- Don't touch the paint! It's still wet.
Choose from the following options the one which contains sentences in the imperative form:
TEXTO 5
NA VIRADA DO SÉCULO, o biólogo Roosmarc conheceu o ápice da fama ao descobrir um novo gênero de primata: o sagui-anão-de-coroa-preta. Foi considerado pela revista Time o grande herói do planeta. Entre os mais de 500 primatas no mundo, Roosmarc descobrira o Callibella humilis, o macaquinho mais saltitante e alegre, anãozinho, com aquela coroa preta. Enquanto outros primatólogos matavam os animais para descrevê-los, dissecando-os em laboratórios, longe da Amazônia, ele criava macacos em sua casa. Esperava que morressem de forma natural e, aí sim, dissecava-os.
O sagui-anão-de-coroa-preta foi a sensação mundial. Então, ele viveu o ápice da glória. As publicações científicas não se cansaram de elogiá-lo. Quase todos os dias, jornais e revistas estampavam: “Protetor dos animais”, “O bandeirantes da Amazônia”, “O último primatólogo”. De Manaus para o mundo. Os ribeirinhos o saudavam; os políticos o pajeavam; os estudantes de biologia o veneravam. Sim, Roosmarc era visto e considerado como herói do planeta.
Vida simples, com suas vestes quase sempre largas cobrindo o corpo magro e alto, enfiado semanas na floresta, nunca quisera dinheiro, jamais almejara fortuna. O verdadeiro cientista, dizia, quer, antes de tudo, reconhecimento. Não havia prêmio maior do que isso. Sequer gastava o que ganhava. Aprendera com os bichos que, na vida, não se precisa de muitas coisas...
Nascera no sul da Holanda e, aos 17 anos, mudou-se para Amsterdã. Queria estudar biologia. Nos fins do ano 60, a cidade fervilhava, era a capital da contestação. John Lennon e Yoko Ono haviam escolhido a cidade para protestar contra a Guerra do Vietnã. Os rebeldes desfilavam pelas ruas, enquanto John Lennon e Yoko Ono incitavam a quebra de valores deitados uma semana num hotel da cidade, consumindo droga e criando suas canções. O gosto pela contracultura crescia, agigantava-se. Rebelde, Roosmarc desfilava pelas ruas, gritando pela paz, também queimando maconha e outras ervas.
Mas foi, nesta época, que ele se interessou pelos primatas. Depois que terminou a universidade, fez amizade com uma estudante, que também saboreava a contracultura, o desprezo a normas e procedimentos, e com ela, vivendo um romance apaixonado, deu volta ao mundo, como se fosse o famigerado navegante português Vasco da Gama. Estudante de artes plásticas, Marie tinha sede por aventuras: o novo lhe apetecia; o velho não era mais do que um mundo cinzento. A Europa, com seus prédios cinzentos e frios, uma população resignada, não lhe apetecia. Queria quebrar barreiras, outras fronteiras. Não queria apodrecer naquelas cidadezinhas holandesas, onde as mulheres envelheciam rapidamente e só cuidavam de casa. Não queria se transformar num símbolo de cama, fogão e igreja. Menosprezava o título “rainha do lar”, que os pastores tanto veneravam entre a população fiel. Tinha horror ao ver sua mãe de lenço na cabeça e avental cobrindo a gordura da barriga. Se ficasse numa daquelas cidadezinhas, em poucos anos estaria como a mãe – brigava constantemente com o seu pai, saía de casa aos domingos para assistir a mesmice do partor Simeão, e que, rapidamente, voltava para casa para preparar o almoço para os filhos. Que destino! A liberdade a chamava. Não era o que dizia a canção de John Lennon? Ao conhecer Roosmarc, o desejo por aventuras avivou como brasa viva. Quando convidada para segui-lo, e ela queria produzir desenhos e aquarelas jamais vistas no mundo, não titubeou, como se a oportunidade fosse um cavalo encilhado. E cavalo encilhado passa por nós somente uma vez ...
(GONÇALVES, David. Sangue verde. Joinville: Sucesso Pocket, 2014. p. 200-201.Adaptado.)
TEXTO 4
A dúvida, continuou Laura, maldita dúvida. Essa é minha companheira, a sombra inconveniente que me segura pelos calcanhares, que há de seguir comigo até o túmulo. A morte de Tomázia, será que ela me convinha? Talvez me conviesse. Essa hipótese, eu não tenho como descartar. Seu desaparecimento anularia a prova de meu crime? Teria poder para apaziguar a culpa que continuava latejando mesmo depois de meu rompimento definitivo com Vítor? A dúvida acabou se revelando muito superior à certeza. Mil, um milhão de vezes mais forte. Talvez se eu tivesse sido obrigada a confessar meu crime aos pés de um juiz, se tivesse sido enjaulada entre mulheres que me odiavam, que me submetessem ao horror do estupro, que atentassem contra minha pessoa, a sensação de culpa tivesse sido atenuada. Juro que cheguei a sentir inveja do destino reservado às muçulmanas que cometem o pecado do adultério. Desejei, sim, ser publicamente difamada, arrastada pelos cabelos, enterrada até o pescoço, e, finalmente, ter a cabeça esfacelada a pedradas. Qualquer coisa, qualquer situação limite teria sido menos penosa do que seguir carregando a culpa, enquanto simulava a mais absoluta indiferença. Não tenho vocação para o disfarce, a simulação. Ah, como eu lamentei a perda de meu direito de exibir minha fraqueza como outras mulheres faziam! Mas não, eu tinha a permanente obrigação de ser forte, de estar preparada para o momento em que meu mundo viesse abaixo, como veio.
A visão de mulheres com as cabeças esfaceladas, transformadas em um bolo de carne sangrento e disforme, partículas de cérebro espatifadas pra tudo que é lado, arrepiou meu corpo dolorido. Sentindo um princípio de náusea, comecei a fungar uma emoçãozinha desconfiada. Essa bruxa tá me embromando, penso, daqui a pouco eu entro na dela, caio em prantos e, alagada de piedade, abraço a velha, aliso seus cabelos grisalhos, cubro-lhe a face enrugada com beijinhos consoladores. Calma, tia, calma! Cuidado com a pressão. Tem aí algum tranquilizante que eu possa lhe dar?
(BARROS, Adelice da Silveira. A mesa dos inocentes. Goiânia: Kelps, 2010. p. 23.)
Read the following text on blood pressure, and choose the correct words from the options below to fill in the blanks in the text.
“Blood ______________ is the force of your blood pushing against the ______________ of your arteries. Each time your heart ______________, it pumps blood into the arteries. Your blood pressure is highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. This is called systolic pressure. When your ______________ is at rest, between beats, your blood pressure falls. This is called diastolic pressure. Your blood pressure reading uses these two ______________. Usually the systolic number comes before or above the diastolic number."
(Available at: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/highbloodpressure.html. Accessed on: 1 jan. 2014.)
Conheça nossos planos