Questões de Vestibular Comentadas sobre inglês
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Read the text below and answer the following question.
Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?
Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.
On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.
Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.
The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.
To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.
The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.
Adaptado de: <https://earth911.com/business-policy/cellular-agriculture/>
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?
Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.
On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.
Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.
The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.
To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.
The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.
Adaptado de: <https://earth911.com/business-policy/cellular-agriculture/>
Read the text below and answer the following question.
Can Cellular Agriculture Feed the World?
Within 20 years, there will be 2 billion more people than today — over 9 billion people in total. The impact to the environment could be severe. Just feeding that population using current methods is problematic.
On average, cattle ranchers need 100 times more land than corn growers to produce a gram of food. So, if that hungry world continues to eat meat like we do, the demand for land — and fresh water — will be alarming, not to mention the environmental impact of raising so many animals. Meat production aside, the large-scale monoculture of crops like corn usually results in damaging terrestrial pollution from pesticides and soil depletion. The impact to the oceans is equally perilous.
Instead of farming animals, fish and plants, cellular agriculture grows the proteins and nutrients we consume from a culture, cell by cell. With this alternative approach, the consumable meat and plant tissues produced don’t need to be harvested from animals or plants. It’s food production on an industrial scale.
The technology to do this is not new. Growing meat from a scaffold embedded in growth culture is no different in theory than making bread from yeast. The vast majority of insulin for diabetics is already manufactured by genetically engineered bacteria, as is the rennet used to culture cheese. In the past 10 years, this approach has been pioneered with a variety of foodstuffs: milk, eggs, beef, chicken, fish — even coffee.
To succeed, cellular agriculture must overcome 6,000 years of established dependence on traditional agriculture, and it has to do so via one of the most finicky human senses: taste. No one will eat manufactured meat or fish if it doesn’t have the same sensual satisfaction generated by the grown version. So, in addition to all the technical challenges in creating edible tissues from cultures, the startups pioneering this approach are working diligently to make their products tasty.
The possibilities for cellular agriculture are seemingly limitless; it may be possible to grow human organs for transplant using the method. But it is still early days.
Adaptado de: <https://earth911.com/business-policy/cellular-agriculture/>
Natural selection gave a freediving people in Southeast Asia bigger spleens
The Bajau people of Southeast Asia, known as Sea Nomads, spend their whole lives at sea, working eight-hour diving shifts with traditional equipment and short breaks to catch fish and shellfish for their families. In a study published April 19 in the journal Cell, researchers report that the extraordinary diving abilities of the Bajau may be thanks in part to their unusually large spleens. The adaptation, the researchers say, is a rare example of natural selection in modern humans -- and one that could provide medically relevant insight into how humans manage acute hypoxia.
Vocabulary: Spleens – baços
Hypoxia – hipóxia (baixa concentração de oxigênio nos tecidos)
Story from Science Daily
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180419131128.htm
Published: 19 April 2018
Segundo o estudo apresentado,
A University of Montana researcher and her collaborators have published a new study that reveals increased risks for Alzheimer's and suicide among children and young adults living in polluted megacities.
Story from Science Daily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180413155259.htm Published: 13 April 2018
Podemos afirmar que
Smartphones are an integral part of most people's lives, allowing us to stay connected and in-the-know at all times. The downside of that convenience is that many of us are also addicted to the constant pings, chimes, vibrations and other alerts from our devices, unable to ignore new emails, texts and images. In a new study published in NeuroRegulation, San Francisco State University Professor of Health Education Erik Peper and Associate Professor of Health Education Richard Harvey argue that overuse of smart phones is just like any other type of substance abuse.
Story from: Science Daily https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180411161316.htm Published: 11 April 2018
Segundo o texto,
BACTÉRIA DE HOSPITAL FICA RESISTENTE
AO ÁLCOOL PARA LIMPEZA DAS MÃOS
Uma espécie bacteriana multirresistente, causadora de infecções hospitalares, está se tornando cada vez mais tolerante ao álcool usado para lavagem das mãos. A conclusão foi obtida a partir de amostras colhidas em dois hospitais australianos. A análise do material sugere que a espécie Enterococcus faecium está se adaptando a uma das ferramentas mais baratas e populares empregadas no combate a infecções em instituições de saúde. As infecções por E. faecium aumentaram, apesar do uso de desinfetantes à base de álcool, e atualmente representam uma das principais causas de infecções em hospitais.
Disponível em: <https://noticias.uol.com.br/>.
Acesso em: 2 ago. 2018.
Nas últimas décadas, espécies bacterianas cada vez mais resistentes têm preocupado médicos e enfermeiros de todo o mundo. Os hospitais endurecem os procedimentos higiênicos para impedir que micróbios perigosos infectem os pacientes. Assinale a opção que melhor resume a ideia do texto.
Police in Sweden have launched a manhunt after thieves swiped some of the country’s crown jewels from a cathedral and escaped by speedboat. Two priceless crowns and an orb belonging to a 17th century king and queen were taken at around midday on Tuesday in Strängnäs, near Stockholm. Witnesses said they saw two men running from the cathedral, which was open to the public and hosting a lunch fair. They were seen motoring off into Lake Malaren, and have not been seen since.
Disponível em: <https://www.bbc.com/>. Acesso em: 1ₒago. 2018.
Some thieves can be really creative. This creativity has inspired many Hollywood movies. But to see it in real life can be something. Based on the text, choose the only option that is not true.
The stresses and frustrations of check-splitting are not exclusive to 20-somethings, but they seem to hit this subset of diners harder, and with more frequency, than other groups. Everyone, it seems, has a story of dining out in their 20s and getting stuck with the tab. The best way to handle these difficult splits is to notify your server ahead of time – just tell your server that you want individual checks.
Disponível em: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/>. Acesso em: 31 jul. 2018.
Muitas pessoas já passaram pela situação complicada de pedir a conta em um restaurante junto com outras pessoas, e a conta “não bater”. Essa situação é mais comum do que se imagina. Baseando-se no texto, escolha a opção correta.
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