Questões de Vestibular Comentadas sobre inglês
Foram encontradas 2.786 questões
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEPES
Órgão:
Qualin
Prova:
FUNDEPES - 2025 - Qualin - Vestibular - Medicina - Segundo Semestre - 1º Dia |
Q3747862
Inglês
Utah becomes the first state to ban fluoride in public
drinking water
Utah has become the first state to ban fluoride in public drinking water, over opposition from dentists and national health organizations who warn the move will lead to medical problems and disproportionately affect low-income communities.
Republican Gov. Spencer Cox signed legislation late Thursday that bars cities and communities from deciding whether to add the mineral to their water systems.
Fluoride strengthens teeth and reduces cavities by replacing minerals lost during normal wear and tear, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/28/health/utah-fluoride-drinking-water/index.html. Acesso em: 29 mar. 2025. Adaptado.
What does ban fluoride mean in the text?
Utah has become the first state to ban fluoride in public drinking water, over opposition from dentists and national health organizations who warn the move will lead to medical problems and disproportionately affect low-income communities.
Republican Gov. Spencer Cox signed legislation late Thursday that bars cities and communities from deciding whether to add the mineral to their water systems.
Fluoride strengthens teeth and reduces cavities by replacing minerals lost during normal wear and tear, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2025/03/28/health/utah-fluoride-drinking-water/index.html. Acesso em: 29 mar. 2025. Adaptado.
What does ban fluoride mean in the text?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
EMESCAM
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - EMESCAM - Vestibular Medicina - Primeiro Semestre |
Q3747663
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.
How can neuroscience lead to
treatments for nicotine addiction?
Around a billion people still smoke, so we clearly have more
to learn about effective treatments for nicotine addiction.
Medications that can help include bupropion, a classical
antidepressant, which mostly helps people who are
depressed to stop smoking; and varenicline, which imitates
nicotine in some ways but prevents nicotinic receptors from
being fully activated.
Some nicotine cessation products, such as gums and
patches and inhalers, use nicotine itself in the hope that
it can be delivered in small enough quantities and over a
long enough period of time that nicotine receptors will only
be partially chaperoned, helping to reduce upregulation
while the individual works on quitting smoking.
We still need more and better science to figure out the
pharmacokinetics of nicotine: How fast does it enter the
body? How long does it stay in the body? To that end,
along with a team of collaborators — including Caltech
professors Wei Gao (professor of medical engineering),
Dennis Dougherty (George Grant Hoag Professor of
Chemistry), and Stephen Mayo (Bren Professor of Biology
and Chemistry), and Professor Neal Benowitz of UC San
Francisco — we have been working to develop a wearable
device that resembles the continuous glucose monitor used
by Type 1 diabetes patients.
We will use this monitor to measure nicotine while a person
smokes or vapes or uses a nicotine pouch so that we can
fully understand how an individual metabolizes nicotine
and relate this knowledge to a century’s worth of work on
nicotinic receptors and nicotine addiction.
Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brainwhen-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025
What is the primary purpose of the new wearable gadget
being developed by the author and his tea
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
EMESCAM
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - EMESCAM - Vestibular Medicina - Primeiro Semestre |
Q3747662
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.
How can neuroscience lead to
treatments for nicotine addiction?
Around a billion people still smoke, so we clearly have more
to learn about effective treatments for nicotine addiction.
Medications that can help include bupropion, a classical
antidepressant, which mostly helps people who are
depressed to stop smoking; and varenicline, which imitates
nicotine in some ways but prevents nicotinic receptors from
being fully activated.
Some nicotine cessation products, such as gums and
patches and inhalers, use nicotine itself in the hope that
it can be delivered in small enough quantities and over a
long enough period of time that nicotine receptors will only
be partially chaperoned, helping to reduce upregulation
while the individual works on quitting smoking.
We still need more and better science to figure out the
pharmacokinetics of nicotine: How fast does it enter the
body? How long does it stay in the body? To that end,
along with a team of collaborators — including Caltech
professors Wei Gao (professor of medical engineering),
Dennis Dougherty (George Grant Hoag Professor of
Chemistry), and Stephen Mayo (Bren Professor of Biology
and Chemistry), and Professor Neal Benowitz of UC San
Francisco — we have been working to develop a wearable
device that resembles the continuous glucose monitor used
by Type 1 diabetes patients.
We will use this monitor to measure nicotine while a person
smokes or vapes or uses a nicotine pouch so that we can
fully understand how an individual metabolizes nicotine
and relate this knowledge to a century’s worth of work on
nicotinic receptors and nicotine addiction.
Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brainwhen-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025
The text suggests that products designed to help people
quit nicotine, such as gums and patches, are effective by
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
EMESCAM
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - EMESCAM - Vestibular Medicina - Primeiro Semestre |
Q3747661
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.
What happens in the brain when people smoke?
When nicotine enters the lungs, it’s in the brain 20 seconds
later. In this journey, nicotine has traveled through the cells
in the lungs to the blood — and then from the blood to
the brain, passing through the blood‑brain barrier. In all,
nicotine passes through six membranes when it’s smoked
or vaped.
Once nicotine is in the brain, it activates the most
sensitive nicotinic receptors on membranes of nerve cells,
or neurons, but it also travels through the membrane to
enter the neuron. Finally, it passes into the organelles of
the neuron, where proteins, including the nicotinic receptor,
are being made. When a person smokes, nicotine actually
helps the cell to assemble more nicotinic receptors,
which travel out of the endoplasmic reticulum (part of the
cellular transportation system) and onto the surface of the
cell. It’s as though nicotine is acting as a pharmacological
“chaperone” to bring those receptors to the surface of
the cell.
We have labeled this process “inside out” pharmacology.
In trying to unravel the cell biology of nicotine addiction,
my lab and others study how this so‑called chaperoning
or upregulating of nicotinic receptors is necessary for the
early stages of nicotine dependence, ultimately underlying
the brain’s addiction to nicotine. When a person stops
taking nicotine, the natural acetylcholine cannot sufficiently
activate the upregulated receptors. They produce craving
and other symptoms of withdrawal.
Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/
neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brainwhen-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025.
The word unravel in the sentence “In trying to unravel the
cell biology of nicotine addiction...” is closest in meaning to
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
EMESCAM
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - EMESCAM - Vestibular Medicina - Primeiro Semestre |
Q3747660
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.
What happens in the brain when people smoke?
When nicotine enters the lungs, it’s in the brain 20 seconds
later. In this journey, nicotine has traveled through the cells
in the lungs to the blood — and then from the blood to
the brain, passing through the blood‑brain barrier. In all,
nicotine passes through six membranes when it’s smoked
or vaped.
Once nicotine is in the brain, it activates the most
sensitive nicotinic receptors on membranes of nerve cells,
or neurons, but it also travels through the membrane to
enter the neuron. Finally, it passes into the organelles of
the neuron, where proteins, including the nicotinic receptor,
are being made. When a person smokes, nicotine actually
helps the cell to assemble more nicotinic receptors,
which travel out of the endoplasmic reticulum (part of the
cellular transportation system) and onto the surface of the
cell. It’s as though nicotine is acting as a pharmacological
“chaperone” to bring those receptors to the surface of
the cell.
We have labeled this process “inside out” pharmacology.
In trying to unravel the cell biology of nicotine addiction,
my lab and others study how this so‑called chaperoning
or upregulating of nicotinic receptors is necessary for the
early stages of nicotine dependence, ultimately underlying
the brain’s addiction to nicotine. When a person stops
taking nicotine, the natural acetylcholine cannot sufficiently
activate the upregulated receptors. They produce craving
and other symptoms of withdrawal.
Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/
neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brainwhen-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025.
What is the primary function of nicotine in the process the
author calls “inside out” pharmacology?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
EMESCAM
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - EMESCAM - Vestibular Medicina - Primeiro Semestre |
Q3747659
Inglês
Read the following text.
Henry Lester, professor of biology at Caltech, discusses the effects of nicotine addiction on the brain.
Tobacco originated in the Americas, where humans have known some of its effects for at least 10,000 years. Beginning some 500 years ago, ocean crossings spread tobacco use to all other continents. We are essentially the only species that has learned how to use small amounts of plant toxins — which provide the selective advantage of sickening or poisoning animals who might eat them — for our own purposes. For tobacco, that toxin is nicotine. In addition to their historical medicinal and ritual uses, these substances, over time, have come to serve as guides, models, and touchstones for learning about the brain and opening many fields of neuroscience.
We have learned from tobacco and nicotine that it is possible to isolate single chemicals from plants that cause toxic effects on herbivores and valued effects on people. We’ve learned that it’s possible to define chemical processes in the human brain that are activated, inhibited, or otherwise manipulated by those substances.
Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brain-when-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025.
According to the text, what is one of the main discoveries made from the study of tobacco and nicotine?
Henry Lester, professor of biology at Caltech, discusses the effects of nicotine addiction on the brain.
Tobacco originated in the Americas, where humans have known some of its effects for at least 10,000 years. Beginning some 500 years ago, ocean crossings spread tobacco use to all other continents. We are essentially the only species that has learned how to use small amounts of plant toxins — which provide the selective advantage of sickening or poisoning animals who might eat them — for our own purposes. For tobacco, that toxin is nicotine. In addition to their historical medicinal and ritual uses, these substances, over time, have come to serve as guides, models, and touchstones for learning about the brain and opening many fields of neuroscience.
We have learned from tobacco and nicotine that it is possible to isolate single chemicals from plants that cause toxic effects on herbivores and valued effects on people. We’ve learned that it’s possible to define chemical processes in the human brain that are activated, inhibited, or otherwise manipulated by those substances.
Available at: https://scienceexchange.caltech.edu/topics/neuroscience/neuroscience-experts/nicotine-addictionneuroscience-henry-lester#what-happens-in-the-brain-when-people-smoke. Accessed on: Aug 1st, 2025.
According to the text, what is one of the main discoveries made from the study of tobacco and nicotine?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
FAME
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - FAME - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina |
Q3747588
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the questions.
What is fatal familial insomnia?
In the mid‑1980s, a family with a mysterious problem lived
in a small town in Italy. For many years, members of this
family had trouble sleeping, but no one knew why. One day,
a family member named Silvano decided to find out what
was causing this strange problem. Silvano traveled to the
city of Bologna to meet with the best sleep doctors. He told
them all about his family’s mystery.
The doctors were intrigued by Silvano’s story and
immediately began to study his case. After much research,
the doctors discovered something never seen before:
a tiny change in a special gene passed down from
generation to generation in Silvano’s family, which stopped
them from sleeping. They called this disease fatal familial
insomnia (FFI).
Fatal familial insomnia is an extremely rare disease.
Like many other rare diseases, FFI is passed on through
the DNA from parents to their children. The symptoms
of FFI start slowly and get worse over time. People with
FFI start to have difficulty falling and / or staying asleep,
and then, as it gets worse, they may suddenly fall
asleep without warning. People with FFI also tend to
develop other problems like a fast heartbeat; high blood
pressure; hormonal, mood and behavior swings; anxiety;
excessive sweating; and trouble thinking clearly and
moving their bodies. The symptoms usually start between
the ages of 51 and 60, although rarely they can start as
early as 18 – 20 years old. FFI affects both men and
women equally. To date, more than 70 families around the
world have been found to have FFI.
[...]
Although there is still no cure for FFI, research is
happening all over the world. Researchers are working to
find new pieces to help them solve the complex puzzle of
FFI and to develop treatments that can improve the lives
of those affected. Ongoing research aims to understand
the underlying mechanisms of FFI, especially how genetic
mutations change healthy prion proteins into abnormal
ones and how the buildup of abnormal prions in the brain
causes FFI symptoms. This understanding is essential for
developing effective therapies.
Additionally, researchers are searching for biomarkers of
FFI. Biomarkers are things that can be measured through
blood tests or brain scans, for example, that indicate
the presence of a disease or the risk of developing it.
Biomarkers could help doctors to diagnose FFI earlier and
to track how it changes over time.
In terms of developing therapies for FFI, gene therapy is
a promising approach that aims to fix or replace defective
genes. Gene therapy could eventually improve patients’
quality of life. Researchers are also studying drugs that
might stop or slow down the buildup of PrPSc in the brain.
New drugs are first tested on animals to see if they work
and are safe, and drugs that pass these initial tests are
then tested on people. With effective new medicines,
it might be possible to slow down or even stop FFI.
Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 4th, 2025. [Adapted]
According to the text, what is the main goal of the current
research on FFI?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
FAME
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - FAME - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina |
Q3747587
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the questions.
What is fatal familial insomnia?
In the mid‑1980s, a family with a mysterious problem lived
in a small town in Italy. For many years, members of this
family had trouble sleeping, but no one knew why. One day,
a family member named Silvano decided to find out what
was causing this strange problem. Silvano traveled to the
city of Bologna to meet with the best sleep doctors. He told
them all about his family’s mystery.
The doctors were intrigued by Silvano’s story and
immediately began to study his case. After much research,
the doctors discovered something never seen before:
a tiny change in a special gene passed down from
generation to generation in Silvano’s family, which stopped
them from sleeping. They called this disease fatal familial
insomnia (FFI).
Fatal familial insomnia is an extremely rare disease.
Like many other rare diseases, FFI is passed on through
the DNA from parents to their children. The symptoms
of FFI start slowly and get worse over time. People with
FFI start to have difficulty falling and / or staying asleep,
and then, as it gets worse, they may suddenly fall
asleep without warning. People with FFI also tend to
develop other problems like a fast heartbeat; high blood
pressure; hormonal, mood and behavior swings; anxiety;
excessive sweating; and trouble thinking clearly and
moving their bodies. The symptoms usually start between
the ages of 51 and 60, although rarely they can start as
early as 18 – 20 years old. FFI affects both men and
women equally. To date, more than 70 families around the
world have been found to have FFI.
[...]
Although there is still no cure for FFI, research is
happening all over the world. Researchers are working to
find new pieces to help them solve the complex puzzle of
FFI and to develop treatments that can improve the lives
of those affected. Ongoing research aims to understand
the underlying mechanisms of FFI, especially how genetic
mutations change healthy prion proteins into abnormal
ones and how the buildup of abnormal prions in the brain
causes FFI symptoms. This understanding is essential for
developing effective therapies.
Additionally, researchers are searching for biomarkers of
FFI. Biomarkers are things that can be measured through
blood tests or brain scans, for example, that indicate
the presence of a disease or the risk of developing it.
Biomarkers could help doctors to diagnose FFI earlier and
to track how it changes over time.
In terms of developing therapies for FFI, gene therapy is
a promising approach that aims to fix or replace defective
genes. Gene therapy could eventually improve patients’
quality of life. Researchers are also studying drugs that
might stop or slow down the buildup of PrPSc in the brain.
New drugs are first tested on animals to see if they work
and are safe, and drugs that pass these initial tests are
then tested on people. With effective new medicines,
it might be possible to slow down or even stop FFI.
Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 4th, 2025. [Adapted]
The word although in the sentence “Although there is still
no cure for FFI, research is happening all over the world.”
refers to
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
FAME
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - FAME - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina |
Q3747586
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the questions.
What is fatal familial insomnia?
In the mid‑1980s, a family with a mysterious problem lived
in a small town in Italy. For many years, members of this
family had trouble sleeping, but no one knew why. One day,
a family member named Silvano decided to find out what
was causing this strange problem. Silvano traveled to the
city of Bologna to meet with the best sleep doctors. He told
them all about his family’s mystery.
The doctors were intrigued by Silvano’s story and
immediately began to study his case. After much research,
the doctors discovered something never seen before:
a tiny change in a special gene passed down from
generation to generation in Silvano’s family, which stopped
them from sleeping. They called this disease fatal familial
insomnia (FFI).
Fatal familial insomnia is an extremely rare disease.
Like many other rare diseases, FFI is passed on through
the DNA from parents to their children. The symptoms
of FFI start slowly and get worse over time. People with
FFI start to have difficulty falling and / or staying asleep,
and then, as it gets worse, they may suddenly fall
asleep without warning. People with FFI also tend to
develop other problems like a fast heartbeat; high blood
pressure; hormonal, mood and behavior swings; anxiety;
excessive sweating; and trouble thinking clearly and
moving their bodies. The symptoms usually start between
the ages of 51 and 60, although rarely they can start as
early as 18 – 20 years old. FFI affects both men and
women equally. To date, more than 70 families around the
world have been found to have FFI.
[...]
Although there is still no cure for FFI, research is
happening all over the world. Researchers are working to
find new pieces to help them solve the complex puzzle of
FFI and to develop treatments that can improve the lives
of those affected. Ongoing research aims to understand
the underlying mechanisms of FFI, especially how genetic
mutations change healthy prion proteins into abnormal
ones and how the buildup of abnormal prions in the brain
causes FFI symptoms. This understanding is essential for
developing effective therapies.
Additionally, researchers are searching for biomarkers of
FFI. Biomarkers are things that can be measured through
blood tests or brain scans, for example, that indicate
the presence of a disease or the risk of developing it.
Biomarkers could help doctors to diagnose FFI earlier and
to track how it changes over time.
In terms of developing therapies for FFI, gene therapy is
a promising approach that aims to fix or replace defective
genes. Gene therapy could eventually improve patients’
quality of life. Researchers are also studying drugs that
might stop or slow down the buildup of PrPSc in the brain.
New drugs are first tested on animals to see if they work
and are safe, and drugs that pass these initial tests are
then tested on people. With effective new medicines,
it might be possible to slow down or even stop FFI.
Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 4th, 2025. [Adapted]
Referring to the text, what is the primary cause of fatal
familial insomnia (FFI)?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
FAME
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - FAME - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina |
Q3747585
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.
Abstract
Rare diseases are diseases that affect fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. Due to their rarity, it can be extremely challenging for doctors to diagnose these diseases in their patients — it often takes 6 – 8 years for some patients to get a diagnosis. Even though they are uncommon, rare diseases still have a significant impact on families and communities and need greater attention. Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare disease that affects the brain and gradually reduces a person’s ability to sleep. FFI gets worse over time and causes severe complications. There is currently no cure for FFI, so more research is crucial — not only for understanding FFI but also for unlocking potential treatments for other rare diseases. Rare disease research brings hope for a better future to those living with FFI and other rare conditions.
Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 2nd, 2025.
As used in the abstract, what is the best definition for the
word diagnose?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos)
Órgão:
FAME
Prova:
FUNDEP (Gestão de Concursos) - 2025 - FAME - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre - Medicina |
Q3747584
Inglês
Texto associado
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer the question.
Abstract
Rare diseases are diseases that affect fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. Due to their rarity, it can be extremely challenging for doctors to diagnose these diseases in their patients — it often takes 6 – 8 years for some patients to get a diagnosis. Even though they are uncommon, rare diseases still have a significant impact on families and communities and need greater attention. Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) is a rare disease that affects the brain and gradually reduces a person’s ability to sleep. FFI gets worse over time and causes severe complications. There is currently no cure for FFI, so more research is crucial — not only for understanding FFI but also for unlocking potential treatments for other rare diseases. Rare disease research brings hope for a better future to those living with FFI and other rare conditions.
Available at: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2025.1523273. Accessed on: Aug 2nd, 2025.
Which of the following is the best summary of the abstract?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
IPEFAE
Órgão:
UNIFAE - SP
Prova:
IPEFAE - 2025 - UNIFAE - SP - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q3729490
Inglês
Texto associado
UNICEF reports that, for the first time, global
childhood obesity has surpassed underweight rates, with
one in ten school-aged children now obese, about 188
million worldwide. Meanwhile, one in five children under
19 years old globally, or 391 million, is overweight.
Kids are considered overweight if they carry
excess weight for their age, sex and height, while obesity
is a more severe form that greatly increases the risk of
serious health problems later in life. Between year 2000
and 2022, obesity rates among those aged 5 to 19 more
than tripled from 3% to 9.4%, while underweight cases
fell.
The shift is driven by the rise of ultra-processed
foods, which are replacing fruits, vegetables and
proteins. Obesity hotspots are emerging worldwide,
especially in low and middle-income countries still
battling undernutrition, while wealthy nations like the
United States, United Arab Emirates and Chile also show
high rates. Pacific Island nations face the highest
prevalence, with up to 40% of youth obese.
The crisis is fueled by aggressive junk food
marketing, with 75% of children exposed weekly. Obesity
raises risks of diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
UNICEF is calling for urgent restrictions on unhealthy
food marketing and school bans, warning of severe
health impacts for the next generation.
Fox News. Deirdre Bardolf. 13 Sep 2025. Adapted.
Which of the following factors is identified as a main
cause of the global rise in childhood obesity?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
IPEFAE
Órgão:
UNIFAE - SP
Prova:
IPEFAE - 2025 - UNIFAE - SP - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q3729489
Inglês
Texto associado
UNICEF reports that, for the first time, global
childhood obesity has surpassed underweight rates, with
one in ten school-aged children now obese, about 188
million worldwide. Meanwhile, one in five children under
19 years old globally, or 391 million, is overweight.
Kids are considered overweight if they carry
excess weight for their age, sex and height, while obesity
is a more severe form that greatly increases the risk of
serious health problems later in life. Between year 2000
and 2022, obesity rates among those aged 5 to 19 more
than tripled from 3% to 9.4%, while underweight cases
fell.
The shift is driven by the rise of ultra-processed
foods, which are replacing fruits, vegetables and
proteins. Obesity hotspots are emerging worldwide,
especially in low and middle-income countries still
battling undernutrition, while wealthy nations like the
United States, United Arab Emirates and Chile also show
high rates. Pacific Island nations face the highest
prevalence, with up to 40% of youth obese.
The crisis is fueled by aggressive junk food
marketing, with 75% of children exposed weekly. Obesity
raises risks of diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
UNICEF is calling for urgent restrictions on unhealthy
food marketing and school bans, warning of severe
health impacts for the next generation.
Fox News. Deirdre Bardolf. 13 Sep 2025. Adapted.
According to the text, how many school-aged children in
the world are obese?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
IPEFAE
Órgão:
UNIFAE - SP
Prova:
IPEFAE - 2025 - UNIFAE - SP - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q3729488
Inglês
Texto associado
UNICEF reports that, for the first time, global
childhood obesity has surpassed underweight rates, with
one in ten school-aged children now obese, about 188
million worldwide. Meanwhile, one in five children under
19 years old globally, or 391 million, is overweight.
Kids are considered overweight if they carry
excess weight for their age, sex and height, while obesity
is a more severe form that greatly increases the risk of
serious health problems later in life. Between year 2000
and 2022, obesity rates among those aged 5 to 19 more
than tripled from 3% to 9.4%, while underweight cases
fell.
The shift is driven by the rise of ultra-processed
foods, which are replacing fruits, vegetables and
proteins. Obesity hotspots are emerging worldwide,
especially in low and middle-income countries still
battling undernutrition, while wealthy nations like the
United States, United Arab Emirates and Chile also show
high rates. Pacific Island nations face the highest
prevalence, with up to 40% of youth obese.
The crisis is fueled by aggressive junk food
marketing, with 75% of children exposed weekly. Obesity
raises risks of diabetes, heart disease and cancer.
UNICEF is calling for urgent restrictions on unhealthy
food marketing and school bans, warning of severe
health impacts for the next generation.
Fox News. Deirdre Bardolf. 13 Sep 2025. Adapted.
According to UNICEF, what important change regarding
childhood obesity has recently occurred?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
IPEFAE
Órgão:
UNIFAE - SP
Prova:
IPEFAE - 2025 - UNIFAE - SP - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q3729487
Inglês
Texto associado
The British Medical Journal published a study
which showed that 1 billion young people were at risk of
hearing loss.
Researchers shared their analysis of data from
2000 to 2021 on unsafe listening practices. If the volume
is too loud for too long, headphones, a concert, or even a
restaurant could cause irreversible damage. Young
people are complaining about persistent ringing in their
ears, although their hearing tests look normal. However,
several years later, their hearing reduces.
The loud sounds damage sensory cells in the
cochlea, the snail-looking part in the inner ear. Once
these cells die, you can’t get them back. 85 decibels
sound like a blender, 100 decibels sound like a subway
train and 120 decibels sound like a concert or a siren.
According to experts, 85 decibels during a 40-
hour work week is the maximum safe limit. Just 2.5 hours
of 92 decibels can damage your ears. However, only one
episode of intense noise exposure can lead to lifelong
hearing loss.
Young people lose hearing. News in Levels. 06 Aug 2025. Adapted.
Which of the following statements best reflects the
underlying difficulty in effectively addressing hearing
loss risk among young individuals?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
IPEFAE
Órgão:
UNIFAE - SP
Prova:
IPEFAE - 2025 - UNIFAE - SP - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q3729486
Inglês
Texto associado
The British Medical Journal published a study
which showed that 1 billion young people were at risk of
hearing loss.
Researchers shared their analysis of data from
2000 to 2021 on unsafe listening practices. If the volume
is too loud for too long, headphones, a concert, or even a
restaurant could cause irreversible damage. Young
people are complaining about persistent ringing in their
ears, although their hearing tests look normal. However,
several years later, their hearing reduces.
The loud sounds damage sensory cells in the
cochlea, the snail-looking part in the inner ear. Once
these cells die, you can’t get them back. 85 decibels
sound like a blender, 100 decibels sound like a subway
train and 120 decibels sound like a concert or a siren.
According to experts, 85 decibels during a 40-
hour work week is the maximum safe limit. Just 2.5 hours
of 92 decibels can damage your ears. However, only one
episode of intense noise exposure can lead to lifelong
hearing loss.
Young people lose hearing. News in Levels. 06 Aug 2025. Adapted.
What is the main idea of the text?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
IPEFAE
Órgão:
UNIFAE - SP
Prova:
IPEFAE - 2025 - UNIFAE - SP - Vestibular - Vantagens |
Q3729460
Inglês
A doctor says to a patient: "You should rest for two
days."
What does the doctor want the patient to do?
What does the doctor want the patient to do?
Q3727660
Inglês
Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence:
"The nurses ________ their routine check on the patients
right now, and the doctors ________ available for
consultations."
Q3727659
Inglês
Texto associado
Recent research suggests that about one in
seven life-threatening allergic reactions are caused by
foods not currently listed on mandatory allergen labels.
Food allergies are rising, yet regulations, such as
the European Union’s 14-item allergen list from 2011,
have not been updated in years.
To identify overlooked triggers, Dominique
Sabouraud-Leclerc and colleagues analyzed 2999 cases
of food-induced anaphylaxis reported between 2002 and
2023 to the Allergy-Vigilance Network. They found that
goat or sheep milk, buckwheat, peas, lentils, pine nuts,
kiwi, apples, beehive products and alpha-gal (a sugar that
can trigger an allergy to red meat and other mammalian
products) were responsible for about 14% of reactions.
Goat and sheep cheese caused particularly severe
outcomes, including two deaths, and hidden exposures in
processed foods increased risks.
Based on these findings, the researchers
recommend adding goat and sheep milk products, peas,
lentils, buckwheat and pine nuts to Europe’s mandatory
allergen labelling. They argue that clearer information is
crucial for protecting allergic individuals and could
inspire broader international policy updates.
New Scientist. Christa Lesté-Lasserre. 20 Aug 2025. Adapted.
Which of the following best captures the implicit
argument the researchers are making regarding allergen
regulation?
Q3727658
Inglês
Texto associado
Recent research suggests that about one in
seven life-threatening allergic reactions are caused by
foods not currently listed on mandatory allergen labels.
Food allergies are rising, yet regulations, such as
the European Union’s 14-item allergen list from 2011,
have not been updated in years.
To identify overlooked triggers, Dominique
Sabouraud-Leclerc and colleagues analyzed 2999 cases
of food-induced anaphylaxis reported between 2002 and
2023 to the Allergy-Vigilance Network. They found that
goat or sheep milk, buckwheat, peas, lentils, pine nuts,
kiwi, apples, beehive products and alpha-gal (a sugar that
can trigger an allergy to red meat and other mammalian
products) were responsible for about 14% of reactions.
Goat and sheep cheese caused particularly severe
outcomes, including two deaths, and hidden exposures in
processed foods increased risks.
Based on these findings, the researchers
recommend adding goat and sheep milk products, peas,
lentils, buckwheat and pine nuts to Europe’s mandatory
allergen labelling. They argue that clearer information is
crucial for protecting allergic individuals and could
inspire broader international policy updates.
New Scientist. Christa Lesté-Lasserre. 20 Aug 2025. Adapted.
Which foods were found to cause the most severe
allergic reactions, including two deaths?
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