Questões de Vestibular Comentadas sobre inglês
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Q2054665
Inglês
Texto associado
Don’t Look Up: four climate experts on the
polarising disaster film
Critics haven’t been kind to Adam
McKay’s eco-satire, but many climate experts are
lauding it. Here four give their views
Rarely has a film been as divisive as
Adam McKay’s climate satire Don’t Look Up.
Although it has been watched by millions, and is
already Netflix’s third most watched film ever, the
response from critics was largely negative. Many
found its story of scientists who discover an
asteroid heading for Earth a clumsy allegory for
the climate crisis, while others just found it
boring. But many in the climate movement
have praised the film, and audience reviews have
been generally positive.
We asked four climate experts to give
their views on the film. Warning: spoilers ahead.
Ketan Joshi: ‘The main character of
the climate crisis is absent’
[…]
Fiona Harvey: ‘The role of the technoloon, played by Mark Rylance, struck a chord’
[…]
After 17 years of reporting on the climate
crisis, I doubted at first that the film had much to
tell me about the frustrations of communicating a
hypothetical catastrophe. As the film’s scientists
first struggled to clothe their data in sober,
measured terms, then broke into swearing, armwaving shrieks about provable imminent
apocalypse, I nodded along. Yes, that’s what it
feels like, and no, no one listens, not until it is too
late.
Yet it was illuminating in unexpected ways
– something I’ve always struggled with is how
rational people can fail to grasp the scale of
climate breakdown, how we could leave it so late.
As the film shows, it’s partly because vested
interests keep it that way, but it’s also just
because we’re human. Believing in disaster
before it strikes is fundamentally not how we
work.
The role of the techno-loon, played by
Mark Rylance, struck another chord. Cop26 was
not a failure, though on the surface that was the
obvious conclusion – it was more nuanced than
that. Soon after the Cop26 circus left Glasgow,
the danger of painting the outcome in such blackand-white terms became apparent, as wellmeaning experts concluded – in all seriousness –
as talking didn’t work, our best hope would be for
billionaires to bypass the UN and geoengineer
the climate from space. Because obviously the
answer to a vast uncontrolled experiment on the
atmosphere is to conduct a vast uncontrolled
experiment on the atmosphere.
[…]
Nina Lakhani: ‘Jennifer Lawrence’s
character will resonate with many female
climate scientists’
[…]
How Kate Dibiasky, the postgraduate
student played by Jennifer Lawrence who
discovered the comet, is portrayed as an
unhinged hysterical woman, will resonate with
many female climate scientists and activists
whose crucial knowledge has been sidelined.
The scene where her parents declare that they’re
in favour of the jobs the comet will provide will
resonate with millions of people, including me,
trying to deal with relatives who have bought into
political lies.
[…]
Damian Carrington: ‘It highlights the
absurdity of staring disaster in the face, then
looking away’
I loved Don’t Look Up, both as an
entertainment and as a climate crisis parable. But
the movie has been panned by many critics, with
the main charge being that it is heavy-handed,
blunt and too obvious. But that is exactly the
point.
Scientists have been issuing blunt
warnings about obvious dangers of global
heating for years and have been ignored –
carbon emissions are still rising. The film
perfectly skewers the key ways in which they
have been ignored: for short-term political
expediency and short-term corporate profit.
In particular, the movie beautifully
portrays the incredulity of scientists that their
carefully constructed evidence can be dismissed
with bluster such as “we’ll sit tight and assess” by
leaders more concerned about today’s political
weather and a media more interested in the
minutiae of celebrities’ lives.
[…]
The point of the film is savagely
highlighting the absurdity of staring disaster in
the face, then looking away rather than acting. In
that respect, it is a triumph.
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jan/08/dont-look-upfour-climate-experts-on-the-polarising-disaster-film. Access:
08/01/2022.
The text talks about Netflix climate satire
Don’t look up. Mark the correct option
concerning how the movie was received by
critics.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032752
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following infographic.
Internet: <www.vricares.com> (adapted)
Based on the infographic presented, judge the follow item.
The text suggests that both professional help and changes at home are important to have better health and keep one’s independence.
The text suggests that both professional help and changes at home are important to have better health and keep one’s independence.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032751
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following infographic.
Internet: <www.vricares.com> (adapted)
Based on the infographic presented, judge the follow item.
In section 1, it would be correct to use Exercising instead of “Exercise”, which, despite causing a slight difference in meaning, would not change the message conveyed.
In section 1, it would be correct to use Exercising instead of “Exercise”, which, despite causing a slight difference in meaning, would not change the message conveyed.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032747
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following infographic.
Internet: <www.vricares.com> (adapted)
Based on the infographic presented, judge the follow item.
In the expression “As we age”, in the title of the infographic, “As” is used to present a reason or a justification.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032746
Inglês
Texto associado
Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence,
autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute;
no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job,
wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example,
constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the
freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be,
define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of
freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your
freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers
see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but
also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like
happiness.
The international justification for your freedom is by
reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and
object of international conventions. The most basic of all these
rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In
effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic
freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion,
association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections,
and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you
have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have
internationally defined and protected human rights.
Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted).
Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.
The last paragraph points out that a geopolitically construed notion of freedom has become a universally accepted one through international law.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032745
Inglês
Texto associado
Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence,
autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute;
no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job,
wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example,
constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the
freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be,
define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of
freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your
freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers
see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but
also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like
happiness.
The international justification for your freedom is by
reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and
object of international conventions. The most basic of all these
rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In
effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic
freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion,
association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections,
and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you
have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have
internationally defined and protected human rights.
Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted).
Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.
In the excerpt “as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness” (in the last sentence of the second paragraph), the presence of “the” indicates that people’s happiness depends on them having their civil and political rights respected and guaranteed.
In the excerpt “as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like happiness” (in the last sentence of the second paragraph), the presence of “the” indicates that people’s happiness depends on them having their civil and political rights respected and guaranteed.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032741
Inglês
Texto associado
Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence,
autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute;
no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job,
wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example,
constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the
freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be,
define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of
freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your
freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers
see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but
also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like
happiness.
The international justification for your freedom is by
reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and
object of international conventions. The most basic of all these
rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In
effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic
freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion,
association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections,
and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you
have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have
internationally defined and protected human rights.
Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted).
Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.
If the ideas defended in the text were applied to the global context of relations among countries, it would be correct to conclude that countries, in general, are never completely independent.
If the ideas defended in the text were applied to the global context of relations among countries, it would be correct to conclude that countries, in general, are never completely independent.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032740
Inglês
Texto associado
Freedom is a general term, like liberty, independence,
autonomy, and equality. In reality, freedom cannot be absolute;
no one can be completely free. Your talents, family situation, job,
wealth, cultural norms, and laws against murder, for example,
constrain and circumscribe your choices. And then there is the
freedom of others, which necessarily limits yours.
Broadly speaking, your rights, whatever they may be,
define the limits to your freedom. In the Western tradition of
freedom, these are your civil and political rights, including your
freedom of speech, religion, and association. Some philosophers
see these not only as morally justified rights in themselves, but
also as the means for fulfilling other possible rights, like
happiness.
The international justification for your freedom is by
reference to human rights, those due to you as a human being and
object of international conventions. The most basic of all these
rights are those defining what governments cannot do to you. In
effect, these human rights define what many mean by democratic
freedom. Your freedom of thought, expression, religion,
association, is basic, as are the secret ballot, periodic elections,
and the right to representation. In short, these rights say that you
have a right to be free. This is universal: we all have
internationally defined and protected human rights.
Rudolph Joseph Rummel. Why should you be
free?.Internet:<www.hawaii.edu> (adapted).
Judge the follow item concerning the ideas and linguistic features of the previous text.
For the author, given their universal and absolute character, human rights are one of the few exceptions to the limits imposed by the freedom of others.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032737
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
The passage “the broader political and intellectual context of the time, full of conceptual innovations” (in the last sentence of the first paragraph) could be correctly rewritten as a context of greater political and intellectual changes happening during an era when all innovations were of an abstract nature, without changing its meaning.
The passage “the broader political and intellectual context of the time, full of conceptual innovations” (in the last sentence of the first paragraph) could be correctly rewritten as a context of greater political and intellectual changes happening during an era when all innovations were of an abstract nature, without changing its meaning.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032736
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
The last sentence of the text would still be correct and maintain its original meaning if a comma were placed before “who”, and another after “politics”.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032734
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
Not only does the text oppose the ideas of continuity and innovation in the context of Brazilian independence, but it also indicates that historians do not have a unanimous view on the topic.
Not only does the text oppose the ideas of continuity and innovation in the context of Brazilian independence, but it also indicates that historians do not have a unanimous view on the topic.
Ano: 2022
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CESPE / CEBRASPE
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UNB
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Q2032732
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
The author claims that the Brazilian independence process stemmed partly from events prior to 1807, which were not mentioned in the text.
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Q2032729
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
The statement that, in general, women were to be concerned solely with their homes and families is explained by the gender-based division of social tasks and roles in effect at that time in Brazil.
The statement that, in general, women were to be concerned solely with their homes and families is explained by the gender-based division of social tasks and roles in effect at that time in Brazil.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032728
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
The passage “which they believed was a key factor” (first paragraph) could be correctly rewritten in the passive voice as which was believed to be a key factor, without this changing the meaning and coherence of the text.
The passage “which they believed was a key factor” (first paragraph) could be correctly rewritten in the passive voice as which was believed to be a key factor, without this changing the meaning and coherence of the text.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032726
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
In the title of the letter alluded to in the first paragraph, the word “her” is used four times with the same meaning and could correctly be replaced by his in all four cases, had the letter been written to the Prince.
In the title of the letter alluded to in the first paragraph, the word “her” is used four times with the same meaning and could correctly be replaced by his in all four cases, had the letter been written to the Prince.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032725
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
It can be correctly inferred from the text that the general public is unaware of many different facts which led to Brazilian independence.
Q1994359
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, quando a geração de energia por células
solares ou turbinas eólicas é insuficiente para atender à
demanda, uma fonte de energia alternativa envolveria a
conversão de
Q1994358
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
Na frase “But typical models exhaust their stored energy after
only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every
smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each
recharge.” (2º parágrafo), “dwindles” poderia ser substituído,
sem prejuízo de sentido, por
Q1994357
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
No texto, a expressão “dark doldrums” descreve
Q1994322
Inglês
Texto associado
From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and
Spanish jazz, it’s common for people to listen to songs they
don’t necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of
the lyrics, it seems, doesn’t stop people from liking—and
sometimes even singing along to—a song. Unless the listener
is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the
dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesn’t make or break their
appreciation of a song. But why?
“It’s a complicated answer,” said musicologist Lisa
Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with what’s called “sound
symbolism.” Sound symbolism refers to the study of the
relationships between utterances and their meaning. This
doesn’t have to do only with music. Marketers, for example,
can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in
coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in
branding, Decenteceo explained, there’s something about the
appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a
language. While things like culture and personal experiences
affect people’s responses to different kinds of music, she
explained there are certain musical techniques that are
generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale.
“Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds,
while minor scales usually have the slightly darker,
melancholic feel,” explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher.
The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added.
In a process called entrainment, the brain “synchronizes our
breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the
sounds we hear.” This is why fast-paced music is so popular
for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play
rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are
also the things that accompany the words. “Elements of sound
and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude
have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and
even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much
meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these
avenues,” said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she
added, is liberate the words. “Song frees the voice from any
burden of saying anything meaningful”. It’s important, then,
to understand music as a discourse between musical
elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said there’s value in
whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they
listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music,
after all, is the universal language.
Disponível em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado.
Na frase “there are certain musical techniques that are
generally used to convey certain moods” (2º parágrafo), a
palavra “convey” poderia ser substituída, sem prejuízo de
sentido, por
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