Questões de Vestibular Sobre inglês
Foram encontradas 6.380 questões
Ano: 2017
Banca:
IF SUL - MG
Órgão:
IF Sul - MG
Prova:
IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271225
Inglês
Texto associado
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write
AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any
supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words
than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.
For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then
matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team
replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author
Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common,
influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the
biases are pervasive, too.
An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe,
says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because
algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick
up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as
gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word
“man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting
because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.
For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which
is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some
controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man
and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match
up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the
longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.
The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it
measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical
distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the
model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the
algorithm associates them together.
Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word
Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and
learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are
more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant
than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI
is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.
1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception
Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
Assinale a alternativa que está de acordo com o texto.
Ano: 2017
Banca:
IF SUL - MG
Órgão:
IF Sul - MG
Prova:
IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271224
Inglês
Com relação às expressões abaixo, assinale a alternativa correta.
written word, movable type, mass publication
written word, movable type, mass publication
Ano: 2017
Banca:
IF SUL - MG
Órgão:
IF Sul - MG
Prova:
IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271223
Inglês
A evolução da comunicação é retratada com ironia no cartum. Com relação à figura e ao texto, é
INCORRETO afirmar que:
Q1270624
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
Quanto aos referentes do texto, analise as frases e os referentes em destaque para assinalar a opção correta:
Q1270623
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
Em: The latest research shows that the weight of cutlery [...] (L. 15 - 16), o significado da palavra cutlery é:
Q1270622
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
Em: In fact, many people don’t even use their dining space at home, [...] (L. 27 - 28), a palavra de ligação “In
fact”, confere ao texto uma ideia de:
Q1270621
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
Marque a opção em que o item sublinhado é um grupo nominal:
Q1270620
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
No que diz respeito aos resultados das pesquisas, analise as assertivas abaixo:
I. As pesquisas provaram que os alimentos orgânicos colocados em louças maiores não enganam o
nosso estômago.
II. Colocar alimentos em louças menores tende a enganar o nosso cérebro para acreditar que estamos
comendo mais.
III. Servir comida calórica em diferentes vasilhames mais pesados pode nos dar a sensação de volume e
profundidade.
IV. As pesquisas mostram que comer com a mão não dominante, geralmente leva a um consumo menor
de alimentos.
Está CORRETO o que se afirma em:
Q1270619
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
De acordo com os autores do texto, as pessoas:
Q1270618
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
É INCORRETO afirmar que:
Q1270617
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
Da leitura do texto, pode-se inferir que o cérebro:
Q1270616
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
Quanto à opinião dos autores do texto em questão, é correto afirmar que:
Q1270615
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO I
HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING
Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef
De acordo com as informações do texto, pode-se afirmar:
Q1270280
Inglês
Texto associado
Brazil Committee Head Confident Pension
Reforms Will Pass
By Thomson Reuters.
Brasilia (Reuters) - The head of the committee in
Brazil's lower house of Congress that is examining a
landmark pension reform proposal said he is
confident the measure would easily pass the
committee on Wednesday.
Deputy Carlos Marun told reporters he thinks at least
22 of the 37 members of the committee will approve
the measure - three more than necessary - and that it
would be taken up by the full house in the second half
of this month.
The unpopular constitutional amendment would make
Brazilians work longer and reduce some pension
benefits to plug a widening budget deficit at the root of
the country's worst recession ever.
(Reporting by Maria Carolina Marcello; Writing by
Brad Brooks; Editing by Daniel Flynn)
Copyright 2017 Thomson Reuters.
https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-05-03/brazilcommittee-head-confident-pension-reforms.Acesso: 11/05/2017
O trecho sublinhado no texto relata que o
Deputado Carlos Marun
Q1270279
Inglês
Texto associado
Brazil Committee Head Confident Pension
Reforms Will Pass
By Thomson Reuters.
Brasilia (Reuters) - The head of the committee in
Brazil's lower house of Congress that is examining a
landmark pension reform proposal said he is
confident the measure would easily pass the
committee on Wednesday.
Deputy Carlos Marun told reporters he thinks at least
22 of the 37 members of the committee will approve
the measure - three more than necessary - and that it
would be taken up by the full house in the second half
of this month.
The unpopular constitutional amendment would make
Brazilians work longer and reduce some pension
benefits to plug a widening budget deficit at the root of
the country's worst recession ever.
(Reporting by Maria Carolina Marcello; Writing by
Brad Brooks; Editing by Daniel Flynn)
Copyright 2017 Thomson Reuters.
https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2017-05-03/brazilcommittee-head-confident-pension-reforms.Acesso: 11/05/2017
Leia as afirmativas a seguir atenciosamente. Elas
se referem ao texto acima.
I) Todos os parágrafos do texto têm como assunto central a reforma da Previdência social e dos direitos trabalhistas, valorizando os idosos.
II) O primeiro parágrafo do texto relata que a proposta de reformas do sistema de pensões poderá ser facilmente aprovada.
III)O segundo parágrafo expõe que o deputado Carlos Marun acredita que pelo menos 22 dos 37 membros do comitê aprovarão a proposta
IV)O terceiro parágrafo expressa que, com emenda constitucional, os brasileiros poderão trabalhar por mais tempo e terem seus benefícios pensionistas reduzidos, como meta de conter o déficit orçamentário da pior recessão do país.
V) O terceiro parágrafo apresenta soluções para os problemas dos trabalhadores brasileiros priorizando os seus benefícios e direitos trabalhistas
Marque a alternativa que contenha afirmações falsas com relação ao texto:
I) Todos os parágrafos do texto têm como assunto central a reforma da Previdência social e dos direitos trabalhistas, valorizando os idosos.
II) O primeiro parágrafo do texto relata que a proposta de reformas do sistema de pensões poderá ser facilmente aprovada.
III)O segundo parágrafo expõe que o deputado Carlos Marun acredita que pelo menos 22 dos 37 membros do comitê aprovarão a proposta
IV)O terceiro parágrafo expressa que, com emenda constitucional, os brasileiros poderão trabalhar por mais tempo e terem seus benefícios pensionistas reduzidos, como meta de conter o déficit orçamentário da pior recessão do país.
V) O terceiro parágrafo apresenta soluções para os problemas dos trabalhadores brasileiros priorizando os seus benefícios e direitos trabalhistas
Marque a alternativa que contenha afirmações falsas com relação ao texto:
Q1270278
Inglês
Texto associado
Be proactive and protect yourself from yellow
fever
By World Health Organization
People living in or travelling to potentially endemic
areas of yellow fever transmission should protect
themselves. The yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection against the disease. You should
protect yourself from mosquito bites by wearing
light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers,
sleeping under a bed net day and night, using
insect repellents and getting rid of stagnant water
from places where mosquitoes breed.
Information products on yellow fever and
vaccination are available in multiple languages
including Portuguese.
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/Acesso:12/05/2017.
O segmento “using insect repellents and getting rid of
stagnant water from places where mosquitoes breed”
diz respeito a
Q1270277
Inglês
Texto associado
Be proactive and protect yourself from yellow
fever
By World Health Organization
People living in or travelling to potentially endemic
areas of yellow fever transmission should protect
themselves. The yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection against the disease. You should
protect yourself from mosquito bites by wearing
light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers,
sleeping under a bed net day and night, using
insect repellents and getting rid of stagnant water
from places where mosquitoes breed.
Information products on yellow fever and
vaccination are available in multiple languages
including Portuguese.
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/Acesso:12/05/2017.
Os termos (living, traveling, wearing) sublinhados no
texto são
Q1270276
Inglês
Texto associado
Be proactive and protect yourself from yellow
fever
By World Health Organization
People living in or travelling to potentially endemic
areas of yellow fever transmission should protect
themselves. The yellow fever vaccine provides lifelong protection against the disease. You should
protect yourself from mosquito bites by wearing
light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and trousers,
sleeping under a bed net day and night, using
insect repellents and getting rid of stagnant water
from places where mosquitoes breed.
Information products on yellow fever and
vaccination are available in multiple languages
including Portuguese.
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/yellowfev/en/Acesso:12/05/2017.
Levando em conta o assunto central do texto, qual
das afirmativas está correta
Q1269217
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 1
(Source: Adapted from: The New Work Times. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/reuters>. Accessed on: August 30, 2017
Qual opção abaixo representa a melhor tradução para o trecho: “We must pursue reconciliation,
understanding and respect regardless of skin color, ethnicity or religious or political views” (linhas 10 a 12)?
Q1269216
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXTO 1
(Source: Adapted from: The New Work Times. Available at: <https://www.nytimes.com/reuters>. Accessed on: August 30, 2017
Escolha a alternativa que resume as principais ideias do texto.
Conheça nossos planos