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Q3263851 Técnicas em Laboratório
A técnica de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) é amplamente utilizada para amplificar seguimentos específicos de DNA, mas podem ocorrer problemas de baixa eficiência de amplificação, o que resulta em quantidades insuficientes de produtos de PCR. Esses problemas mencionados relacionam-se com as condições da reação, como, por exemplo, temperatura de anelamento e concentração dos primers.
Considerando-se os fatores críticos que afetam a eficiência da PCR, qual das seguintes alternativas descreve corretamente uma abordagem para otimizar a reação?
Alternativas
Q3263850 Técnicas em Laboratório
Uma equipe de pesquisadores está desenvolvendo um protocolo otimizado para a extração, quantificação, purificação e avaliação da qualidade de ácidos nucleicos (DNA e RNA) a partir de amostras de tecido humano. Durante o desenvolvimento do protocolo, essa equipe enfrentou desafios relacionados à contaminação por proteínas e solventes orgânicos, bem como a degradação do RNA.
Considerando as etapas críticas envolvidas nesses processos, assinale a alternativa que descreve corretamente uma técnica que pode ser utilizada para garantir a alta pureza e integridade dos ácidos nucleicos extraídos.
Alternativas
Q3263849 Técnicas em Laboratório
Durante uma investigação sobre a regulação da transcrição em células eucarióticas, pesquisadores focaram em entender como diferentes fatores de transcrição e modificações da cromatina influenciam a eficiência da transcrição do DNA em genes específicos. Em um experimento, observaram que a acetilação de histonas em certas regiões do genoma aumentava significativamente a transcrição de genes adjacentes, enquanto a metilação do DNA em regiões promotoras estava associada à repressão da transcrição.
Considerando o complexo processo de transcrição em eucariotos, assinale a alternativa que descreve corretamente um mecanismo que facilita a transcrição do DNA.
Alternativas
Q3263848 Técnicas em Laboratório
Durante uma pesquisa avançada sobre a estabilidade estrutural do DNA, uma equipe de bioquímicos decidiu investigar o papel de diferentes íons metálicos na estabilização das estruturas de dupla hélice de DNA. Esses bioquímicos prepararam amostras de DNA e as incubaram com diferentes concentrações de íons Mg2+, K+ e Na+. Após vários testes de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC), observaram que a temperatura de fusão (Tm) do DNA variava de acordo com a concentração dos íons metálicos presentes.
Com base nos dados obtidos, os pesquisadores concluíram que a presença de íons Mg2+ aumentava significativamente a Tm do DNA em comparação aos íons K+ e Na+. No entanto, ao substituir todos os íons metálicos por um agente quelante que sequestra especificamente os íons Mg2+, K+ e Na+, a Tm do DNA caiu drasticamente.
Considerando o papel dos íons metálicos na estabilização da estrutura do DNA, qual das seguintes alternativas explica corretamente o mecanismo pelo qual os íons Mg2+ afetam a estabilidade do DNA?
Alternativas
Q3263847 Inglês
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         The correction of genetic errors associated with disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease. When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the defective allele. Although this may repair the mutation, a new mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele, there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be restored to the undiseased phenotype.

(www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering/ Process-and-techniques. Adaptado)
According to the text, gene therapy intends to
Alternativas
Q3263846 Inglês
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         The correction of genetic errors associated with disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease. When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the defective allele. Although this may repair the mutation, a new mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele, there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be restored to the undiseased phenotype.

(www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering/ Process-and-techniques. Adaptado)
No trecho do texto – it most likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the defective allele – o termo em negrito indica 
Alternativas
Q3263845 Inglês
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         The correction of genetic errors associated with disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease. When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the defective allele. Although this may repair the mutation, a new mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele, there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be restored to the undiseased phenotype.

(www.britannica.com/science/genetic-engineering/ Process-and-techniques. Adaptado)
The part of the text that indicates that an unwanted problem may happen is: 
Alternativas
Q3263844 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, é fundamental que experimentos com culturas de células in vitro
Alternativas
Q3263843 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
According to the second paragraph, an example of contaminant that may be present during in vitro cell culture is:
Alternativas
Q3263842 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
O trecho em negrito do primeiro parágrafo – cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors – apresenta, no contexto, uma
Alternativas
Q3263841 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments – o termo em negrito pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por 
Alternativas
Q3263840 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo – Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals – a expressão em negrito introduz uma
Alternativas
Q3263839 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
According to what is stated in the first paragraph, William Russel and Rex Burch aimed at improving
Alternativas
Q3263838 Inglês
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        Cell culture experiments are widely used in biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and biotechnological production. Due to restrictions on the use of laboratory animals by animal protection laws and the strict implementation of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) formulated by William Russell and Rex Burch to improve the welfare of animals, it can be expected that the general use of cell lines will further increase during the next years to substitute animal-based research. However, it should be noted that cell culture experiments, if not properly conducted, are prone to errors. Therefore, it is essential that cell culture studies are performed with good cell culture practice (GCCP) to assure the reproducibility of in vitro experimentation.

        In particular, inter- and intra-specific cross-contamination and cell misidentification, genetic drift, contamination with bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals, and lack of quality control testing are widespread fatal cell culture problems that contaminate the literature with false and irreproducible results. Rough estimates suggest that the number of published papers that used problematic cell lines is about 16.1%. Moreover, the International Cell Line Authentication Committee (ICLAC) lists 576 misidentified or cross-contaminated cell lines in its latest register released in June 2021.

(Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner’s
Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems.
Cells. 2023 Feb 21;12(5):682. doi: 10.3390/cells12050682.
PMID: 36899818; PMCID: PMC10000895.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10000895/. Adaptado)
The text is mainly about
Alternativas
Q3249923 Engenharia Civil
Um projeto de engenharia envolve, em geral, diversas especialidades, como elementos estruturais, sistemas elétricos, instalações hidráulicas, sistemas de climatização, entre outros. Nesse sentido, a modelagem BIM visa integrar todos os elementos para facilitar o gerenciamento da obra, tendo como um dos principais diferenciais
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Q3249922 Engenharia Civil
Um dos princípios aplicados ao gerenciamento de uma obra é o de melhoria contínua, de forma que todo o processo tenha um controle permanente para verificação de seu desempenho, assim como identificação de alterações em procedimentos que permitam o alcance mais fácil de metas.
Este processo de melhoria contínua consiste em um ciclo conhecido pela sigla (em inglês):
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Q3249921 Engenharia Civil
A figura a seguir mostra o mapa de riscos de um projeto, no qual se atribuem pesos de 1 a 5 tanto para o grau de impacto como para a probabilidade, permitindo que se calcule a medida de risco “impacto x probabilidade” de determinado evento.
Neste mapa, indicam-se 8 eventos cujos valores de risco e probabilidade foram identificados.
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Os níveis de risco para cada evento são identificados em função da escala mostrada na tabela a seguir.

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Os três níveis de risco mais verificados para os eventos analisados nesse projeto, em ordem decrescente de sua frequência de ocorrência, são:
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Q3249920 Engenharia Civil
A figura a seguir apresenta a curva de controle da evolução de um projeto, onde se compara o percentual acumulado planejado de execução, em linha grossa, com o percentual acumulado realizado, em linha fina.

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O mês em que houve o maior atraso incremental no andamento do projeto, medido em termos percentuais do total de execução planejado para o projeto como um todo, foi o mês
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Q3249919 Engenharia Civil
Uma obra, que está programada para durar 6 anos, tem seus custos unitários ajustados anualmente, a partir do valor estabelecido no início do 1º ano de obra, de acordo com um índice de correção de preços.
A taxa de correção monetária acordada foi de 10% ao ano, para a qual apresentam-se, a seguir, alguns cálculos.

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A atualização desses custos unitários deveria ter sido feita por meio de juros compostos, porém o responsável pela contabilidade aplicou, equivocadamente, juros simples.
Esse erro resultou em uma desvalorização do valor do serviço, no início do 6º ano de obra, de aproximadamente,
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Q3249918 Direito Administrativo
O Artigo 29 da Lei nº 13.303/2016 estabelece algumas situações em que se dispensa a realização de licitação por empresas públicas e sociedades de economia mista.
Uma dessas situações é a realização de obras e serviços de engenharia que não se refiram a parcelas de uma mesma obra ou serviço ou ainda a obras e serviços de mesma natureza e no mesmo local, e cujo valor contratado seja de até
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Respostas
3281: A
3282: A
3283: D
3284: C
3285: E
3286: A
3287: C
3288: D
3289: B
3290: C
3291: E
3292: A
3293: B
3294: D
3295: E
3296: C
3297: E
3298: B
3299: D
3300: B