Questões de Concurso Para see -pb

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
When is it time to stop studying?
It's 10 p.m. and six government employees are out checking the streets of Seoul, South Korea. But these are not police officers searching for teenagers who are behaving badly. Their mission is to find children who are still studying. And stop them. Education in South Korea is very competitive. The aim of almost every schoolchild is to get into one of the country’s top universities. Only the students with the best grades get a place. The school day starts at 8 a.m. and the students finish studying somewhere between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m. at night. This is because many go to private academies called hagwon after school. Around 74 percent of all students attend a hagwon after their regular classes finish. A year’s course costs, on average, $2,600 per student. In Seoul, there are more private tutors than schoolteachers, and the most popular ones make millions of dollars a year from online and in-person classes. Most parents rely on private tutoring to get their children into a university. With so much time spent in the classroom, all that students in South Korean high schools do is study and sleep. Some of them are so exhausted that they cannot stay awake the next day at school. It is a common sight to see a teacher explaining the lesson while a third of the students are asleep on their desks. The teachers don’t seem to mind. There are even special pillows for sale that fit over the arms of the chairs to make sleeping in class more comfortable. Ironically, the students spend class time sleeping so that they can stay up late studying that night. The South Korean government has been aware of the faults in the system for some time, but now they have passed some reforms. Today, schoolteachers have to meet certain standards or take additional training courses. However, the biggest challenge for the government is the hagwons. Hagwons have been banned from having classes after 10 p.m., which is why there are street patrols searching for children who are studying after that time. If they find any in class, the owner of the hagwon is punished and the students are sent home. It's a strange world, where some children have to be told to stop studying while others are reluctant to start. Adapted from: LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina & OXENDEN, Clive. American English File 3 - Workbook. 2"“ edition. Oxford: OUP, 2014.
In "If they find any in class, the owner of the hagwon is punished ...” (last paragraph) the words THEY and ANY refer in the context, respectively, to:

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
When is it time to stop studying?
It's 10 p.m. and six government employees are out checking the streets of Seoul, South Korea. But these are not police officers searching for teenagers who are behaving badly. Their mission is to find children who are still studying. And stop them. Education in South Korea is very competitive. The aim of almost every schoolchild is to get into one of the country’s top universities. Only the students with the best grades get a place. The school day starts at 8 a.m. and the students finish studying somewhere between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m. at night. This is because many go to private academies called hagwon after school. Around 74 percent of all students attend a hagwon after their regular classes finish. A year’s course costs, on average, $2,600 per student. In Seoul, there are more private tutors than schoolteachers, and the most popular ones make millions of dollars a year from online and in-person classes. Most parents rely on private tutoring to get their children into a university. With so much time spent in the classroom, all that students in South Korean high schools do is study and sleep. Some of them are so exhausted that they cannot stay awake the next day at school. It is a common sight to see a teacher explaining the lesson while a third of the students are asleep on their desks. The teachers don’t seem to mind. There are even special pillows for sale that fit over the arms of the chairs to make sleeping in class more comfortable. Ironically, the students spend class time sleeping so that they can stay up late studying that night. The South Korean government has been aware of the faults in the system for some time, but now they have passed some reforms. Today, schoolteachers have to meet certain standards or take additional training courses. However, the biggest challenge for the government is the hagwons. Hagwons have been banned from having classes after 10 p.m., which is why there are street patrols searching for children who are studying after that time. If they find any in class, the owner of the hagwon is punished and the students are sent home. It's a strange world, where some children have to be told to stop studying while others are reluctant to start.
Adapted from: LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina & OXENDEN, Clive. American English File 3 - Workbook. 2"“ edition. Oxford: OUP, 2014.
According to the information provided in the fourth and fifth paragraphs, we can state that:

Além do ano letivo Mario Sérgio Cortella
Velocidade das mudanças dificulta o registro de importantes passagens da história atual O ano está terminando. Já? Mais um. Mudou a noção de tempo. A novidade não é a mudança do mundo, mas a velocidade das mudanças. Nunca se mudou tão velozmente. Vinte anos atrás, choque de gerações era choque entre pais e filhos. Calculava- se, inclusive, que geração era um tempo de 25 anos. Aos 25 anos, supostamente, você teria outro descendente, e aí viria outra geração. Hoje, choque de gerações é imediato. Meu filho de 24 anos é considerado ultrapassado pela minha filha de 22 anos. Por sua vez, o de 18 anos, o mais novo, considera os dois mais velhos ultrapassados. Eles não cortam o cabelo do mesmo jeito, não ouvem o mesmo tipo de música, e não usam o mesmo tipo de roupa, com uma diferença de apenas dois anos. Imagine eu perto deles. Meus filhos referem-se ao tempo em que eu tinha 20 anos - para mim, foi agora - sempre usando a palavra “antigamente”. Quando eu era criança e falava antigamente, eu estava me referindo a gregos e romanos. Eles falam antigamente referindo-se a 1974: “Pai, é verdade que antigamente não tinha controle remoto?". Eu falo que é verdade. A gente tinha de levantar, mudar o canal, sentar, voltar outra vez. Se eu contar para eles que tinha seletor, que fazia barulho clac, clac, clac. Você já viu um desses? Em 1980 - isso foi agora, vários já davam aulas, vários já eram pais e mães - as TVs tinham válvula e se você quisesse assistir a um programa, tinha de ligar a TV bem antes, para ela ficar quentinha, que nem um forno a lenha. As coisas têm mudado muito velozmente, a tal ponto que a memória fica fugaz. O que marcou a vida de nossos avós ou pais? Que fatos da história eles viveram? [...] Em um domingo de março você estava assistindo TV e veio a notícia de que os Mamonas Assassinas tinham morrido. Quando? Em agosto, fez quatro anos que Lady Di morreu. Já? Neste ano, dois senadores brasileiros renunciaram. E, pouco depois, um terceiro também o fez. Que mês foi: março, abril, maio, junho? Já, já, não se lembra mais. Eu não estou falando de coisas do século XIX, estou falando de coisas de cinco anos para cá, todas elas. A gente acaba perdendo a memória e isso é muito ruim. O mundo vai além do ano letivo. 
CORTELLA, Mário Sérgio. Além do ano letivo. Revista Educação n . 2 4 8 . d e z , 2 0 0 1 . D i s p o n í v e l e m : http://www2.uol.com.br/aprendiz/n_revistas/revista_educacao.
Em “As coisas têm mudado muito velozmente, a tal ponto QUE A MEMÓRIA FICA FUGAZ." a construção destacada exemplifica uma oração com ideia:

Caçadores de fungos Apenas em 2016, pesquisadores já identificaram 10 novas espécies no país.
Entre os cerca de 5 milhões de espécies de fungos que se estima existirem no planeta, somente 100 mil foram descritas até hoje. A 'caça' dos especialistas em micologia - área que estuda esses seres vivos - não se limita à procura por eles na natureza: inclui a pesquisa em laboratório para confirmar se os exemplares coletados em campo pertencem a uma nova espécie. Seguindo esse protocolo, após anos reunindo e estudando espécimes em diferentes locais do país, pesquisadores da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) descreveram 10 novas espécies de fungos só neste ano. [...]  Todas as espécies descobertas são macrofungos, que se caracterizam por suas estruturas reprodutoras - como cogumelos e orelhas- de-pau - visíveis a olho nu. “Uma delas, a Marasmius magnus, foi encontrada por Altielys Magnaco e Jadson S. de Oliveira em lagoas de Florianópolis (SC) e no morro Santana, em Porto Alegre (RS)”, conta a bióloga Maria Alice Neves, do Laboratório de Micologia (Micolab) da UFSC e coordenadora das pesquisas. “A Gloeocantharellus aculeatus foi achada por Fernanda Linhares, Pablo Daniels e por mim tanto na capital catarinense quanto na Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi, no Espírito Santo. Já as espécies Clavaria diverticulata, Clavulinopsis dimorphica e Clavulinopsis imperata foram coletadas por mim e por Ariadne Nôbrega Furtado em Santa Catarina e no Rio Grande do Sul em áreas de floresta atlântica”, esclarece Neves. 
[...] Disponível em: <https://goo.gl/eOTJh8> - Acesso em: 28 mar. 2017
As estruturas reprodutivas a que se faz referência no texto são os:

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
When is it time to stop studying?
It's 10 p.m. and six government employees are out checking the streets of Seoul, South Korea. But these are not police officers searching for teenagers who are behaving badly. Their mission is to find children who are still studying. And stop them. Education in South Korea is very competitive. The aim of almost every schoolchild is to get into one of the country’s top universities. Only the students with the best grades get a place. The school day starts at 8 a.m. and the students finish studying somewhere between 10 p.m. and 1 a.m. at night. This is because many go to private academies called hagwon after school. Around 74 percent of all students attend a hagwon after their regular classes finish. A year’s course costs, on average, $2,600 per student. In Seoul, there are more private tutors than schoolteachers, and the most popular ones make millions of dollars a year from online and in-person classes. Most parents rely on private tutoring to get their children into a university. With so much time spent in the classroom, all that students in South Korean high schools do is study and sleep. Some of them are so exhausted that they cannot stay awake the next day at school. It is a common sight to see a teacher explaining the lesson while a third of the students are asleep on their desks. The teachers don’t seem to mind. There are even special pillows for sale that fit over the arms of the chairs to make sleeping in class more comfortable. Ironically, the students spend class time sleeping so that they can stay up late studying that night. The South Korean government has been aware of the faults in the system for some time, but now they have passed some reforms. Today, schoolteachers have to meet certain standards or take additional training courses. However, the biggest challenge for the government is the hagwons. Hagwons have been banned from having classes after 10 p.m., which is why there are street patrols searching for children who are studying after that time. If they find any in class, the owner of the hagwon is punished and the students are sent home. It's a strange world, where some children have to be told to stop studying while others are reluctant to start. Adapted from: LATHAM-KOENIG, Christina & OXENDEN, Clive. American English File 3 - Workbook. 2"“ edition. Oxford: OUP, 2014.
In the sentence “However, the biggest challenge for the government is the hagwons.” (last paragraph), the word HOWEVER could be correctly replaced in this context, without change of meaning, by: