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The text above is an academic article.
In the sentence “the infants overheard a conversation” (l.7), the prefix “over” is added to the verb form “heard” to emphasize the act of hearing.
In “Tiredness also increases the possibility” (l.28 and 29), the word “Tiredness” can be correctly replaced with Fatigued.
In the sentence “Research has demonstrated its critical role in memory consolidation” (l.20 and 21), the pronoun “its” refers to “Research”.
In the sentence “Society in general, and teenagers in particular, must start to take sleep seriously” (l.40 and 41), the verb “must” can be correctly replaced with should without changing in the meaning of the text.
In the sentence “Sleeping in class declined, as did self-reported depression” (l.35 and 36), the word “as” indicates that depression also declined.
In the sentence “Unsurprisingly, teachers reported students falling asleep in class” (l.17 and 18), the words “Unsurprisingly, teachers” can be correctly replaced with Teachers who had no surprises.
The author’s intention is to explain the benefits of sleep for teenagers.
In the phrase “Rather than enhancing well-being” (l.32), the expression “Rather than” introduces a contrast between the two ideas that follow it.
In the phrase “their emotional state” (l.23), the word “their” refers to “Ethan Kross and colleagues” (l.22).
The author mentions the study by Kross and colleagues to reinforce the findings of Valenzuela and colleagues.
In the sentence “it could actually reduce the satisfaction” (l.9 and 10), the expression “actually” can correctly be replaced with today.
In the sentence “these findings suggest that Facebook may undermine it” (l.32 and 33), the verb “undermine” means the opposite of the verb to mine.
Pedestrians are getting so involved with what they are listening on their iPods that they don’t pay enough attention to the traffic, often with tragic consequences. According to some official information, many people are being killed as a result of stepping off the sidewalk in front of fast-moving vehicles. And most of the accidents can’t be avoided because the victims couldn’t even hear the warning because of the use of MP3.
Mark Hancock & Annie McDonald. English result upper-intermediate. Oxford University Press. p. 103 (adapted).
It is correct to infer from the text that, if people didn’t use electronic devices outside their homes, accidents wouldn’t happen.
Pedestrians are getting so involved with what they are listening on their iPods that they don’t pay enough attention to the traffic, often with tragic consequences. According to some official information, many people are being killed as a result of stepping off the sidewalk in front of fast-moving vehicles. And most of the accidents can’t be avoided because the victims couldn’t even hear the warning because of the use of MP3.
Mark Hancock & Annie McDonald. English result upper-intermediate. Oxford University Press. p. 103 (adapted).
In New York, a law was proposed to forbid the use of MP3 outdoors.
Pedestrians are getting so involved with what they are listening on their iPods that they don’t pay enough attention to the traffic, often with tragic consequences. According to some official information, many people are being killed as a result of stepping off the sidewalk in front of fast-moving vehicles. And most of the accidents can’t be avoided because the victims couldn’t even hear the warning because of the use of MP3.
Mark Hancock & Annie McDonald. English result upper-intermediate. Oxford University Press. p. 103 (adapted).
Most of the people who were involved in the accidents mentioned in the text couldn’t hear the vehicles approaching because they were distracted by their MP3 players.
Physical appearance has been a concern of human beings for a long time now.
The phrase “people have always had the desire to look” (l.3) can be correctly replaced with people always had the desire to look.
In “It is also somewhat expensive for the average person” (l.12 and 13), “average person” means the same as ordinary person.
In “to improve the appearance of children” (l.8 and 9), “improve” can be correctly replaced with enhance.



