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Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324508
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves
about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic
expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we
call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not
like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort.
The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in
particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there
must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The
formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is
as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between
the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the
material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively
surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its
brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material
“disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s
conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time
being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish
moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien
atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the
law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a
medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze
or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has
its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and
possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those
of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance
of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The
literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered
or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a
question of translating his work into another language, the nature
of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have
been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal
“genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over
without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in
saying that a work of literary art can never be translated.
Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with
astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)
The word “oblivious”, in the fragment “oblivious of the existence
of an alien atmosphere” (fifth sentence of the second paragraph)
is being used, in text 1A2-I, with the same meaning as
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324507
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves
about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic
expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we
call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not
like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort.
The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in
particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there
must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The
formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is
as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between
the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the
material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively
surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its
brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material
“disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s
conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time
being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish
moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien
atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the
law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a
medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze
or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has
its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and
possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those
of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance
of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The
literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered
or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a
question of translating his work into another language, the nature
of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have
been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal
“genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over
without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in
saying that a work of literary art can never be translated.
Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with
astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)
Choose the option in which the fragment “No sooner, however,
does the artist transgress the law of his medium than we realize”
(last sentence of the second paragraph of text 1A2-I) is correctly
rewritten, without changing its meaning or harming its
correctness.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324506
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves
about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic
expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we
call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not
like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort.
The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in
particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there
must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The
formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is
as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between
the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the
material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively
surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its
brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material
“disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s
conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time
being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish
moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien
atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the
law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a
medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze
or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has
its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and
possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those
of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance
of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The
literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered
or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a
question of translating his work into another language, the nature
of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have
been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal
“genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over
without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in
saying that a work of literary art can never be translated.
Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with
astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)
For the author of text 1A2-I,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324505
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves
about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic
expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we
call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not
like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort.
The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in
particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there
must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The
formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is
as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between
the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the
material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively
surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its
brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material
“disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s
conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time
being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish
moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien
atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the
law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a
medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze
or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has
its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and
possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those
of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance
of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The
literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered
or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a
question of translating his work into another language, the nature
of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have
been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal
“genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over
without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in
saying that a work of literary art can never be translated.
Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with
astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)
According to the ideas of text 1A2-I, choose the correct option.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324504
Português
Texto associado
Texto 1A1-II
Como é possível que hoje, amanhã ou depois tornem a
falar em crise ministerial, venho sugerir aos meus amigos um
pequeno obséquio. Refiro-me à inclusão de meu nome nas listas
de ministérios, que é de costume publicar anonimamente, com
endereço ao imperador.
Há de parecer esquisito que eu, até aqui pacato, solicite
uma fineza destas que trescala a pura ambição. Explico-me com
duas palavras e deixo de lado outras duas que também podiam ter
muito valor, mas que não são a causa do meu pedido. (...)
A primeira coisa é toda subjetiva; é para ter o gosto de
reter o meu nome impresso, entre outros seis, para ministro de
Estado. Ministro de quê? De qualquer coisa: contanto que o meu
nome figure, importa pouco a designação. Ainda que fosse de
verdade, eu não faria questão de pastas, quanto mais não sendo.
Quero só o gosto; é só para ler de manhã, sete ou oito vezes, e
andar com a folha no bolso, tirá-la de quando em quando, e ler
para mim. E saborear comigo o prazer de ver o meu nome
designado para governar.
Agora a segunda coisa, que é menos recôndita. Tenho
alguns parentes, vizinhos e amigos, uns na corte e outros no
interior, e desejava que eles lessem o meu nome nas listas
ministeriais, pela importância que isto me daria. Creia o leitor
que só a presença do nome na lista me faria muito bem. Faz-se
sempre bom juízo de um homem lembrado, em papéis públicos,
para ocupar um lugar nos conselhos da coroa, e a influência da
gente cresce. Eu, por exemplo, que nunca alcancei dar certa
expressão ao meu estilo, pode ser que a tivesse daí em diante;
expressão no estilo e olhos azuis na casa. Tudo isso por uma lista
anônima, assinada — Um brasileiro ou A Pátria.
(...)
Eia. Venha de lá esse obséquio! Que diabo, custa pouco e
rende muito! Porque a gratidão de um coração honesto é moeda
preciosíssima. Mas pode render ainda mais. Sim, suponhamos,
não digo que aconteça assim mesmo; mas suponhamos que o
imperador, ao ler o meu nome, diga consigo que bem podia
experimentar os meus talentos políticos e administrativos e
inclua o meu nome no novo gabinete. Pelo amor de Deus, não me
atribuam a afirmação de um tal caso; digo só que pode acontecer.
E pergunto, dado que assim seja, se não é melhor ter no
ministério um amigo, antes do que um inimigo ou um
indiferente?
Não cobiço tanto, contento-me com ser lembrado. Terei
sido ministro relativamente.
Machado de Assis. Balas de estalo. In: Crônicas escolhidas de Machado de Assis.
Coleção Folha Não Dá pra Não Ler. São Paulo: Ática, 1994, p. 60-62 (com adaptações).
No terceiro parágrafo do texto 1A1-II, a oração introduzida pela
expressão “contanto que” veicula ideia de