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Q3448325 Pedagogia

O planejamento está intrinsecamente ligado aos aprendizes, ou seja, aos indivíduos em processo de formação. Por esse motivo, requer uma abordagem científica, integrada ao fazer didático-pedagógico, para alcançar os objetivos estabelecidos.



Sobre o planejamento é INCORRETO afirmar que

Alternativas
Q3448324 Pedagogia

Ensinar é uma atividade que envolve elementos epistemológicos, metodológicos e filosóficos; nessa atividade interagem diversos agentes.



Com isso, é INCORRETO afirmar que o ensino

Alternativas
Q3448323 Libras

Perlin (1998) apud Santos (2018) classifica as identidades surdas em sete grupos, a partir das diferenças do modo de vida desses sujeitos.



Considerando-se o enunciado e, ainda, que as pessoas surdas têm em comum muitas características, que vão além da especificidade biológica e abarcam experiências sociais, ou seja, identidades, associe corretamente os cinco grupos identitário ao seu respectivo significado.



GRUPOS IDENTITÁRIOS



1 - Surdas


2 - Surdas híbridas


3 - Surdas flutuantes


4 - Surdas embaçadas


5 - Surdas de transição



CARACTERÍSTICAS



( ) É comum encontrar indivíduos que, embora não tenham nascido surdos, perderam a audição após já terem adquirido a língua oral, e essas pessoas frequentemente apresentam uma mistura de características da cultura ouvinte e da cultura surda, podendo utilizar tanto a língua oral quanto a língua de sinais para se comunicar e compreender a mensagem.


( ) Esse grupo compreende pessoas surdas que, por diversas razões, tenham vivido afastadas da comunidade surda ou se distanciado desse convívio ao longo do tempo; como resultado, elas podem reconhecer sua identidade subjetiva, transitando entre a cultura surda e a cultura dominante, navegando entre diferentes identidades e experiências linguísticas.


( ) Os sujeitos que se identificam como “surdos” e se engajam em uma luta política por sua comunidade são reconhecidos pela sua experiência visual, que influencia comportamento, cultura e linguagem, carregando a Língua de Sinais como principal forma de expressão, refletindo não apenas uma escolha linguística, mas também um compromisso com o fortalecimento da cultura.


( ) Esse grupo de pessoas surdas, apesar de sua condição auditiva, está profundamente imerso na cultura dominante ouvinte, negando representações surdas e a comunidade surda, tendo identidade ambígua; muitas vezes não consegue captar completamente nem a identidade surda nem a identidade ouvinte, com uma comunicação muitas vezes incompreensível.


( ) Existem surdos que mantêm fortes laços com a cultura ouvinte predominante devido à falta de contato frequente com a comunidade surda; adotam as representações da identidade ouvinte e optam por não participar da comunidade surda, suas associações e lutas políticas; desconhecem ou rejeitam a Língua de Sinais, preferindo se comunicar exclusivamente por meio da língua oral.



A sequência correta para essa associação é:

Alternativas
Q3448322 Pedagogia

A avaliação deve envolver instrumentos com os quais se possam identificar e analisar a evolução, o rendimento e as modificações do educando, confirmando a construção do conhecimento.



Considerando-se o enunciado, associe corretamente o tipo de avaliação a sua respectiva característica.



TIPOS DE AVALIAÇÃO



1 - Diagnóstica


2 - Formativa


3 - Somativa


4 - Autoavaliação



CARACTERÍSTICAS



( ) É um processo que capacita os alunos a desenvolver uma habilidade de avaliação que é aplicável ao longo de suas vidas; por meio dela os alunos desenvolvem a capacidade de analisar suas próprias habilidades, atitudes, comportamentos, pontos fortes, necessidades e sucessos na realização de objetivos.


( ) Deve ser realizada no início de cada ciclo, pois ajuda a identificar possíveis dificuldades e erros dos alunos, proporcionando informações valiosas para orientar o planejamento das atividades educacionais a serem realizadas ao longo do ciclo.


( ) Tem o propósito de classificar os alunos ao término de uma unidade, semestre ou ano letivo, com base nos níveis de aproveitamento demonstrados, avaliando de maneira geral o grau em que os objetivos mais amplos foram alcançados ao longo e ao final de um curso.


( ) Tem como objetivo fornecer feedback ao professor e aos alunos sobre os resultados da aprendizagem ao longo das atividades, permitindo ajustes; garante o alcance dos objetivos, apresentando como os alunos estão progredindo em direção aos objetivos estabelecidos.



A sequência correta para essa associação é: 

Alternativas
Q3448321 Libras

Avalie as afirmações sobre a ordem básica das frases na Língua Brasileira de Sinais.



I - A ordem SVO ocorre quando as expressões faciais não têm muita importância na frase ou quando há a presença de estruturas mais complexas como: [EU] [GOSTAR] [SÃO PAULO].


II - A ordem SOV ocorre quando há a presença de topicalização na frase: [ PRAIA] [ EU] [GOSTAR]


III - A ordem OSV ocorre quando há a utilização de verbo com concordância espacial [ MARIA] [JOÃO] [AVISAR]


IV - A ordem SVOV ocorre quando há uma sentença afirmativa com foco, pois há uma duplicação do verbo: [ EU] [GOSTAR] [VIAJAR-AVIAO] [GOSTAR].



Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Alternativas
Q3448320 Libras

A soletração do alfabeto manual, também conhecida como dactilologia, é considerada apenas um complemento na Língua de Sinais e deve ser utilizada em situações muito específicas, incluindo nomear pessoas, lugares onde não há sinal específico conhecido, endereços ou quando uma palavra frequente na língua oral não possui um sinal correspondente na Língua de Sinais.



Avalie as afirmações sobre soletração ou dactilologia.



I - A dactilologia pode ser feita concomitante com as duas mãos.


II - Quanto à posição do braço, este deve ficar em posição natural à frente do corpo.


III - A mão deve ficar sempre com a palma ou a frente do sinal virada para o interlocutor.


IV - A dactilologia faz parte da Lıngua de Sinais. ́



Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Alternativas
Q3448319 Libras

Informe se é verdadeiro (V) ou falso (F) o que se apresenta sobre conceitos e características da Libras.



( ) A Língua de Sinais é um elemento crucial na construção da identidade surda, desempenhando um papel central na expressão cultural e na coesão da comunidade surda.


( ) A Língua de Sinais possui um sistema linguístico completo, com sua própria gramática, regras morfológicas, sintáticas, semânticas e pragmáticas.


( ) A Língua de Sinais é uma linguagem gestualizada circunscrita, em amplitude ou em conceitos linguísticos que permitem aos sujeitos surdos expressarem de forma constrita uma gama de conceitos linguísticos.


( ) A Língua de Sinais é, com frequência, erroneamente percebida como desprovida de base conceitual e gramatical, carecendo dos fundamentos presentes em outras línguas naturais de diferentes culturas.



De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é:

Alternativas
Q3448318 Libras

Sobre a filosofia do bilinguismo, complete as lacunas do texto a seguir, com as palavras indicadas. Atenção: cada palavra pode aparecer uma ou mais vezes ou não aparecer.



A adesão do bilinguismo corresponde à concepção _____________ de sujeito surdo e de surdez; tal abordagem tem como pressuposto básico que o surdo deve adquirir, como primeira, a _____________, considerada sua língua natural, e como segunda, a _____________ de seu país, onde os surdos formam uma comunidade _____________ minoritária, que utiliza e compartilha uma língua, valores, hábitos culturais e modos de socialização próprios; com isso, a surdez passa a ser vista e concebida como _____________ e não como _____________.



PALAVRAS:



Ideológica - língua gestual - língua portuguesa - cultural - sistemática – diferença - antropológica - língua de sinais -língua oficial - identitária - deficiência – doença - socioantropológica - língua oral - linguística - diferença - humanista - Libras - terapêutica.



A sequência que preenche corretamente as lacunas do texto é:

Alternativas
Q3403874 Inglês
Considering the following sentences, which one of the alternatives presents only the adequate choices for each sentence?

I) I wouldn’t tell where Alice lives whereas I knew.
II) Even though I’m quite old, I still miss my parents.
III) The driver stopped to let on more passengers even though the bus was already full.
Alternativas
Q3403873 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “The teacher wrote the questions on the board ______ the students copied them.” Which one of the following is the correct choice?
Alternativas
Q3403872 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “The announcement will come as a ___________ surprise.” Which one of the following is the correct choice?
Alternativas
Q3403871 Inglês
Considering the following sentence: “Every Christmas, our aunt prepares the meal with great care.” How can we transform it into the PASSIVE VOICE?
Alternativas
Q3403870 Inglês
Transform the direct speech into indirect speech correctly: “Will you join me for dinner?” She asked them.
Alternativas
Q3403869 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
In the context of the text, what does the term “embedding” most closely mean? 
Alternativas
Q3403868 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
The term “spikes” in the context of brain activity refers to what?
Alternativas
Q3403867 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
How does sleep affect children’s learning, according to the text?
Alternativas
Q3403866 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
What role does slow-wave sleep (SWS) play in memory?
Alternativas
Q3403865 Inglês
Read Text II for the question:

TEXT II

It’s hard to overstate the benefits of a night’s rest for human memory, and neuroscientists are just beginning to understand why.

Jakke Tamminen has plenty of students who do that very studenty thing of staying up all night right before an exam, in the hope of stuffing in as much knowledge as they can. But “that’s the worst thing you can do”, the psychology lecturer at the UK’s Royal Holloway University warns them.

He should know. Tamminen is an expert on how sleep affects memory, specifically the recall needed for language. Sleep learning – another idea beloved of students, in the hope that, say, playing a language-learning recording during sleep would imprint itself into the brain subliminally and they’d wake up speaking Latin – is a myth. But sleep itself is essential for embedding knowledge in the brain, and the research of Tamminen and others shows us why that is.

In Tamminen’s ongoing research project, participants learn new vocabulary, then stay awake all night.

Tamminen compares their memory of those words after a few nights, and then after a week. Even after several nights of recovery sleep, there is a substantial difference in how quickly they recall those words compared to the control group of participants who didn’t face sleep deprivation. “Sleep is really a central part of learning,” he says. “Even though you’re not studying when you sleep, your brain is still studying. It’s almost like it’s working on your behalf. You can’t really get the full impact of the time you put into your studies unless you sleep.” […]

But more critical to Tamminen’s current research – and to sleep’s role in language development more generally – is a non-REM phase of deep sleep known as slow-wave sleep (SWS). SWS is important for forming and retaining memories, whether of vocabulary, grammar, or other knowledge. The interaction of different parts of the brain is key here. During SWS, the hippocampus, which is good at quick learning, is in constant communication with the neocortex, to consolidate it for long term recall.

So the hippocampus might initially encode a new word learned earlier that day, but to truly consolidate that knowledge – spotting patterns and finding connections with other ideas that allow for creative problem-solving – the neocortical system needs to get involved.

This information expressway between the hippocampus and the neocortex is populated by sleep spindles – spikes in brain activity that are no more than three seconds long.

“Sleep spindles are somehow associated with linking new information with existing information,” Tamminen says. And the data from his research participants suggests that people with more sleep spindles have more consolidation of the words they have learned. […]

Children have more slow-wave sleep than adults – which may be one factor explaining how quickly kids learn, in both language and other areas. The child sleep lab at Germany’s University of Tuebingen investigates the role of sleep in consolidating children’s memory. Monitoring what happens in children’s brains during sleep, and how much information they retain before and after sleep, shows that sleep helps with accessing implicit knowledge (procedural memory) and making it explicit (declarative memory).

“The effects are stronger in early childhood because the brain is developing,” says Dominique Petit, the coordinator of the Canadian Sleep and Circadian Network, who has also explored the circadian rhythm in children. In practical terms, this means that “children need to sleep during the day to remember everything that they have to learn”.

“Daytime naps in young children have been shown to be really important for vocabulary growth, generalization of the meaning of words and abstraction in language learning,” she says. “Sleep continues to be important for memory and learning throughout the lifetime, though.” […]

Not only does sleep help with accessing this information, it also changes the way this information is accessed. This makes brains more flexible at retrieving information (or able to access it in more ways).

But it also makes them better at extracting the most significant parts of it.

“It’s actually an active process of strengthening and changing the memory trace,” Zinke says. “Memory gets transferred in a way that the most important information (the gist) is remembered.”

Clearly, for children as well as adults, prolonged sleep isn’t a sign of laziness in a language learner. It’s critical for our brains’ connections and our bodies’ rhythms.

Available at: https://www.bbc.com/future/ article/20180815-why-sleep-should-be-everystudents-priority (adapted)
What is the main topic of this passage?
Alternativas
Q3403864 Inglês
Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence:
She is interested in ________ for the new project proposal.
Alternativas
Q3403862 Inglês
Read Text I to answer the question:

TEXT I

“Fundamental breakthroughs in the neurosciences, combined with technical innovations for measuring brain activity, are shedding new light on the neural basis of second language (L2) processing, and on its relationship to native language processing (L1). The long-held assumption that L1 and L2 are necessarily represented in different brain regions in bilinguals has not been confirmed. On the contrary, the available evidence indicates that L1 and L2 are processed by the same neural devices. The neural differences in L1 and L2 representations are only related to the specific computational demands, which vary according to the age of acquisition, the degree of mastery and the level of exposure to each language. Finally, the acquisition of L2 could be considered as a dynamic process, requiring additional neural resources in specific circumstances.”

Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959438805000395 (adapted)
 In the passage, the term “neural basis” refers to:
Alternativas
Respostas
661: B
662: D
663: B
664: D
665: B
666: B
667: D
668: C
669: B
670: C
671: E
672: A
673: A
674: D
675: C
676: A
677: E
678: A
679: B
680: C