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I. Os recursos governamentais para um programa, órgão ou uma dada política pública não partem do zero e, sim, de decisões marginais que desconsideram mudanças políticas ou mudanças substantivas nos programas públicos.
II. A política pública parte, cumulativamente, de decisões periféricas e fortuitas.
III. Mais do que a identificação das etapas de um processo decisório, é necessário levar em consideração os diversos constrangimentos existentes que impedem mudanças substanciais nas políticas públicas de curto prazo e, também, o aprendizado em torno de uma política ao longo dos anos (policy change).
As proposições acima delineadas são características do modelo de análise de políticas públicas denominado
I. O caráter de fenômeno socioeconômico de um evento não é algo que lhe seja objetivamente inerente.
II. Devemos considerar os fenômenos sociais em si mesmos, desligados dos sujeitos conscientes que, eventualmente, possam ter as suas representações.
III. A condição de toda a objetividade é a existência de um ponto de referência, constante e idêntico, que permite eliminar tudo o que tiver de variável, logo, de subjetivo.
IV. Não existe qualquer análise científica puramente objetiva dos fenômenos sociais.
As proposições que podem ser consideradas como opostas ao objetivismo sociológico são as que constam SOMENTE em
(1) Definição do Problema; (2) Revisão da Literatura; (3) Formulação das Hipóteses; (4) Seleção de Plano de Pesquisa; (5) Execução; (6) Interpretação; (7) Relato.
É correto concluir que a fase na qual se estabelece previamente a relação existente entre as variáveis corresponde à fase
Termos Utilizados
I. Sínteses imediatas e confusas da sensação às análises pacientes e esclarecedoras da razão.
II. Sociologia Espontânea; Crítica Lógica.
III. Aparência; Essência.
IV. Axiológico; Empírico.
A correspondência correta entre autor e termos utilizados ocorre em:
I. A teoria do conhecimento de Durkheim é idealista, sendo que, no ato de conhecer, o sujeito apreende “passivamente” as características do objeto.
II. A teoria de Weber, em termos epistemológicos, é realista, a consciência sendo constitutiva do objeto do conhecimento.
III. O recurso metodológico weberiano, denominado tipo ideal, possui três características: a racionalidade, a unilateralidade e o caráter utópico.
É correto o que consta APENAS em
I. Conhecimento de natureza intencional da consciência.
II. Preocupação com referência de natureza histórica.
III. Práticas descritivas minuciosas em oposição a termos teóricos, construídos ou explicativos.
IV. Noção de totalidade como recurso heurístico.
É correto o que consta APENAS em
I. Incorporação de descobertas individuais num modelo da organização em estudo.
II. Problemas de apresentação de evidências e provas.
III. Seleção e definição de problemas, conceitos e índices.
IV. Controle sobre a frequência e a distribuição dos fenômenos.
A sequência lógica correta desses estágios ocorre em:
Posted on Friday March 27th, 2009 by Jebediah Reed
To give some sense of the pace of public works
construction in China, the city of Guangzhou is planning to open
83 miles of new subway lines by the end of next year.
Meanwhile, New York ? a city of about the same size ? has
been playing around with the 1.7-mile Second Avenue line for
decades now. China also builds subways rather cheaply ? $100
million per mile versus $ 2.4 billion per mile in the Big Apple.
Not surprisingly, projects there are more aggressive in all
respects: there are 60 tunnel boring machines operating in
Guangzhou, while only one is slated for the Second Avenue
project; workers put in five 12-hour shifts a week (and if they
don't like it, they can go pound glacial till); and seizing property
is a breeze.
An article in the Business section of today's NY Times
(Clash of Subways and Car Culture in Chinese Cities by Keith
Bradsher) [VERB] a smart look at the forces at play as China
goes on a transit infrastructure spending spree while it
simultaneously becomes evermore sprawling and car-centric.
Here's one interesting passage, [CONJUNCTION] the
story is worth reading in its entirety:
Western mass transit experts applaud China for investing
billions in systems that will put less stress on the environment
and on cities. But they warn that other Chinese policies, like
allowing real estate developers to build sprawling new suburbs,
undermine the benefits of the mass transit boom.
Mr. Chan Shao Zhang , a 67-year-old engineer in charge
of the works in Guangzhou, defended Guangzhou's combination
of cars and subways, saying that the city built a subway line to a new Toyota assembly plant to help employees and suppliers
reach it.
Subways have been most competitive in cities like New
York that have high prices for parking, and tolls for bridges and
tunnels, discouraging car use. Few Chinese cities have been
willing to follow suit, other than Shanghai, which charges a fee of
several thousand dollars for each license plate.
The cost and physical limitations of subways have
discouraged most cities from building new ones. For instance,
only Tokyo has a subway system that carries more people than
its buses. The buses are cheaper and able to serve far more
streets but move more slowly, pollute more and contribute to
traffic congestion.
China has reason to worry. It surpassed the United
States in total vehicle sales for the first time in January, although
the United States remained slightly ahead in car sales. But in
February, China overtook the United States in both, in part
because the global downturn has hurt auto sales much more in
the United States than in China.
There are many countervaling forces ..X.. China has
passed its own stimulus package and the government is eager
to put people to work, create economic activity, and build
modern infrastructure. The Guangzhou project is part of major
national transit buildout. But the nation's cities are also sprawling
beasts, and in that sense, more suited to cars than trains. Not
shockingly, many Chinese prefer the former.
(Adapted from http://www.infrastructurist.com/2009/03/27/-
building-a-subway-is-96-percent-cheaper-in-china/)
Posted on Friday March 27th, 2009 by Jebediah Reed
To give some sense of the pace of public works
construction in China, the city of Guangzhou is planning to open
83 miles of new subway lines by the end of next year.
Meanwhile, New York ? a city of about the same size ? has
been playing around with the 1.7-mile Second Avenue line for
decades now. China also builds subways rather cheaply ? $100
million per mile versus $ 2.4 billion per mile in the Big Apple.
Not surprisingly, projects there are more aggressive in all
respects: there are 60 tunnel boring machines operating in
Guangzhou, while only one is slated for the Second Avenue
project; workers put in five 12-hour shifts a week (and if they
don't like it, they can go pound glacial till); and seizing property
is a breeze.
An article in the Business section of today's NY Times
(Clash of Subways and Car Culture in Chinese Cities by Keith
Bradsher) [VERB] a smart look at the forces at play as China
goes on a transit infrastructure spending spree while it
simultaneously becomes evermore sprawling and car-centric.
Here's one interesting passage, [CONJUNCTION] the
story is worth reading in its entirety:
Western mass transit experts applaud China for investing
billions in systems that will put less stress on the environment
and on cities. But they warn that other Chinese policies, like
allowing real estate developers to build sprawling new suburbs,
undermine the benefits of the mass transit boom.
Mr. Chan Shao Zhang , a 67-year-old engineer in charge
of the works in Guangzhou, defended Guangzhou's combination
of cars and subways, saying that the city built a subway line to a new Toyota assembly plant to help employees and suppliers
reach it.
Subways have been most competitive in cities like New
York that have high prices for parking, and tolls for bridges and
tunnels, discouraging car use. Few Chinese cities have been
willing to follow suit, other than Shanghai, which charges a fee of
several thousand dollars for each license plate.
The cost and physical limitations of subways have
discouraged most cities from building new ones. For instance,
only Tokyo has a subway system that carries more people than
its buses. The buses are cheaper and able to serve far more
streets but move more slowly, pollute more and contribute to
traffic congestion.
China has reason to worry. It surpassed the United
States in total vehicle sales for the first time in January, although
the United States remained slightly ahead in car sales. But in
February, China overtook the United States in both, in part
because the global downturn has hurt auto sales much more in
the United States than in China.
There are many countervaling forces ..X.. China has
passed its own stimulus package and the government is eager
to put people to work, create economic activity, and build
modern infrastructure. The Guangzhou project is part of major
national transit buildout. But the nation's cities are also sprawling
beasts, and in that sense, more suited to cars than trains. Not
shockingly, many Chinese prefer the former.
(Adapted from http://www.infrastructurist.com/2009/03/27/-
building-a-subway-is-96-percent-cheaper-in-china/)
Posted on Friday March 27th, 2009 by Jebediah Reed
To give some sense of the pace of public works
construction in China, the city of Guangzhou is planning to open
83 miles of new subway lines by the end of next year.
Meanwhile, New York ? a city of about the same size ? has
been playing around with the 1.7-mile Second Avenue line for
decades now. China also builds subways rather cheaply ? $100
million per mile versus $ 2.4 billion per mile in the Big Apple.
Not surprisingly, projects there are more aggressive in all
respects: there are 60 tunnel boring machines operating in
Guangzhou, while only one is slated for the Second Avenue
project; workers put in five 12-hour shifts a week (and if they
don't like it, they can go pound glacial till); and seizing property
is a breeze.
An article in the Business section of today's NY Times
(Clash of Subways and Car Culture in Chinese Cities by Keith
Bradsher) [VERB] a smart look at the forces at play as China
goes on a transit infrastructure spending spree while it
simultaneously becomes evermore sprawling and car-centric.
Here's one interesting passage, [CONJUNCTION] the
story is worth reading in its entirety:
Western mass transit experts applaud China for investing
billions in systems that will put less stress on the environment
and on cities. But they warn that other Chinese policies, like
allowing real estate developers to build sprawling new suburbs,
undermine the benefits of the mass transit boom.
Mr. Chan Shao Zhang , a 67-year-old engineer in charge
of the works in Guangzhou, defended Guangzhou's combination
of cars and subways, saying that the city built a subway line to a new Toyota assembly plant to help employees and suppliers
reach it.
Subways have been most competitive in cities like New
York that have high prices for parking, and tolls for bridges and
tunnels, discouraging car use. Few Chinese cities have been
willing to follow suit, other than Shanghai, which charges a fee of
several thousand dollars for each license plate.
The cost and physical limitations of subways have
discouraged most cities from building new ones. For instance,
only Tokyo has a subway system that carries more people than
its buses. The buses are cheaper and able to serve far more
streets but move more slowly, pollute more and contribute to
traffic congestion.
China has reason to worry. It surpassed the United
States in total vehicle sales for the first time in January, although
the United States remained slightly ahead in car sales. But in
February, China overtook the United States in both, in part
because the global downturn has hurt auto sales much more in
the United States than in China.
There are many countervaling forces ..X.. China has
passed its own stimulus package and the government is eager
to put people to work, create economic activity, and build
modern infrastructure. The Guangzhou project is part of major
national transit buildout. But the nation's cities are also sprawling
beasts, and in that sense, more suited to cars than trains. Not
shockingly, many Chinese prefer the former.
(Adapted from http://www.infrastructurist.com/2009/03/27/-
building-a-subway-is-96-percent-cheaper-in-china/)
Posted on Friday March 27th, 2009 by Jebediah Reed
To give some sense of the pace of public works
construction in China, the city of Guangzhou is planning to open
83 miles of new subway lines by the end of next year.
Meanwhile, New York ? a city of about the same size ? has
been playing around with the 1.7-mile Second Avenue line for
decades now. China also builds subways rather cheaply ? $100
million per mile versus $ 2.4 billion per mile in the Big Apple.
Not surprisingly, projects there are more aggressive in all
respects: there are 60 tunnel boring machines operating in
Guangzhou, while only one is slated for the Second Avenue
project; workers put in five 12-hour shifts a week (and if they
don't like it, they can go pound glacial till); and seizing property
is a breeze.
An article in the Business section of today's NY Times
(Clash of Subways and Car Culture in Chinese Cities by Keith
Bradsher) [VERB] a smart look at the forces at play as China
goes on a transit infrastructure spending spree while it
simultaneously becomes evermore sprawling and car-centric.
Here's one interesting passage, [CONJUNCTION] the
story is worth reading in its entirety:
Western mass transit experts applaud China for investing
billions in systems that will put less stress on the environment
and on cities. But they warn that other Chinese policies, like
allowing real estate developers to build sprawling new suburbs,
undermine the benefits of the mass transit boom.
Mr. Chan Shao Zhang , a 67-year-old engineer in charge
of the works in Guangzhou, defended Guangzhou's combination
of cars and subways, saying that the city built a subway line to a new Toyota assembly plant to help employees and suppliers
reach it.
Subways have been most competitive in cities like New
York that have high prices for parking, and tolls for bridges and
tunnels, discouraging car use. Few Chinese cities have been
willing to follow suit, other than Shanghai, which charges a fee of
several thousand dollars for each license plate.
The cost and physical limitations of subways have
discouraged most cities from building new ones. For instance,
only Tokyo has a subway system that carries more people than
its buses. The buses are cheaper and able to serve far more
streets but move more slowly, pollute more and contribute to
traffic congestion.
China has reason to worry. It surpassed the United
States in total vehicle sales for the first time in January, although
the United States remained slightly ahead in car sales. But in
February, China overtook the United States in both, in part
because the global downturn has hurt auto sales much more in
the United States than in China.
There are many countervaling forces ..X.. China has
passed its own stimulus package and the government is eager
to put people to work, create economic activity, and build
modern infrastructure. The Guangzhou project is part of major
national transit buildout. But the nation's cities are also sprawling
beasts, and in that sense, more suited to cars than trains. Not
shockingly, many Chinese prefer the former.
(Adapted from http://www.infrastructurist.com/2009/03/27/-
building-a-subway-is-96-percent-cheaper-in-china/)
O BNDES tem um programa de apoio a projetos de
transportes públicos, abrangendo todos os investimentos necessários
à qualificação do espaço urbano no entorno do empreendimento.
O apoio pode se dar visando a forma de operação
específica, sempre com a preocupação de mirar os seguintes
objetivos: a) racionalização econômica, com redução
dos custos totais do sistema; b) privilégio do transporte coletivo
sobre o individual; c) integração tarifária e física, com redução
do ônus e do tempo de deslocamento do usuário; d) acessibilidade
universal, inclusive para os usuários com necessidades
especiais; e) aprimoramento da gestão e da fiscalização do sistema;
f) redução dos níveis de poluição sonora e do ar, do consumo
energético e dos congestionamentos; g) revalorização urbana
do entorno dos projetos.
O BNDES admite um nível de participação em até
100%, no caso de municípios de baixa renda ou de média renda
inferior localizados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.
(Baseado em informações do site oficial do BNDES)
O BNDES tem um programa de apoio a projetos de
transportes públicos, abrangendo todos os investimentos necessários
à qualificação do espaço urbano no entorno do empreendimento.
O apoio pode se dar visando a forma de operação
específica, sempre com a preocupação de mirar os seguintes
objetivos: a) racionalização econômica, com redução
dos custos totais do sistema; b) privilégio do transporte coletivo
sobre o individual; c) integração tarifária e física, com redução
do ônus e do tempo de deslocamento do usuário; d) acessibilidade
universal, inclusive para os usuários com necessidades
especiais; e) aprimoramento da gestão e da fiscalização do sistema;
f) redução dos níveis de poluição sonora e do ar, do consumo
energético e dos congestionamentos; g) revalorização urbana
do entorno dos projetos.
O BNDES admite um nível de participação em até
100%, no caso de municípios de baixa renda ou de média renda
inferior localizados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.
(Baseado em informações do site oficial do BNDES)
O BNDES tem um programa de apoio a projetos de
transportes públicos, abrangendo todos os investimentos necessários
à qualificação do espaço urbano no entorno do empreendimento.
O apoio pode se dar visando a forma de operação
específica, sempre com a preocupação de mirar os seguintes
objetivos: a) racionalização econômica, com redução
dos custos totais do sistema; b) privilégio do transporte coletivo
sobre o individual; c) integração tarifária e física, com redução
do ônus e do tempo de deslocamento do usuário; d) acessibilidade
universal, inclusive para os usuários com necessidades
especiais; e) aprimoramento da gestão e da fiscalização do sistema;
f) redução dos níveis de poluição sonora e do ar, do consumo
energético e dos congestionamentos; g) revalorização urbana
do entorno dos projetos.
O BNDES admite um nível de participação em até
100%, no caso de municípios de baixa renda ou de média renda
inferior localizados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.
(Baseado em informações do site oficial do BNDES)
No caso de municípios de baixa renda ou de renda média inferior localizados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste,
O BNDES tem um programa de apoio a projetos de
transportes públicos, abrangendo todos os investimentos necessários
à qualificação do espaço urbano no entorno do empreendimento.
O apoio pode se dar visando a forma de operação
específica, sempre com a preocupação de mirar os seguintes
objetivos: a) racionalização econômica, com redução
dos custos totais do sistema; b) privilégio do transporte coletivo
sobre o individual; c) integração tarifária e física, com redução
do ônus e do tempo de deslocamento do usuário; d) acessibilidade
universal, inclusive para os usuários com necessidades
especiais; e) aprimoramento da gestão e da fiscalização do sistema;
f) redução dos níveis de poluição sonora e do ar, do consumo
energético e dos congestionamentos; g) revalorização urbana
do entorno dos projetos.
O BNDES admite um nível de participação em até
100%, no caso de municípios de baixa renda ou de média renda
inferior localizados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.
(Baseado em informações do site oficial do BNDES)
O BNDES tem um programa de apoio a projetos de
transportes públicos, abrangendo todos os investimentos necessários
à qualificação do espaço urbano no entorno do empreendimento.
O apoio pode se dar visando a forma de operação
específica, sempre com a preocupação de mirar os seguintes
objetivos: a) racionalização econômica, com redução
dos custos totais do sistema; b) privilégio do transporte coletivo
sobre o individual; c) integração tarifária e física, com redução
do ônus e do tempo de deslocamento do usuário; d) acessibilidade
universal, inclusive para os usuários com necessidades
especiais; e) aprimoramento da gestão e da fiscalização do sistema;
f) redução dos níveis de poluição sonora e do ar, do consumo
energético e dos congestionamentos; g) revalorização urbana
do entorno dos projetos.
O BNDES admite um nível de participação em até
100%, no caso de municípios de baixa renda ou de média renda
inferior localizados nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.
(Baseado em informações do site oficial do BNDES)
considera, antes de mais nada, a