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Q199869 Português
                                                  REPIQUE DAS MESMAS PALAVRAS

Palavras consideradas difíceis, como “engalanada”, já não atraem muitos autores de escola de samba. A busca agora é pela comunicação direta. Em 2011, “vai” será a palavra mais repetida nos desfiles das 12 escolas do Grupo Especial: 19 vezes no total. Em seguida, uma variação do mesmo verbo: “vou”, com dez repetições. Essa também será a incidência de “vida” e “amor” (dez vezes cada uma). “Luz” e “mar” (nove vezes) fecham o pódio das mais populares de 2011. Isto sem considerar as repetições de uma mesma música, uma vez que ela não muda durante todo o desfile das escolas. Outrora clássicas, palavras como “relicário” e “divinal” só aparecerão uma vez cada uma. E “engalanado”, que já teve seus dias de estrela, ficará mesmo de fora dos desfiles do Grupo Especial. Para especialistas, as palavras mais usadas atualmente são curtas, chamam o público e motivam os componentes. – “Vai” é a clara tentativa do compositor de empolgar e envolver a plateia desde o concurso das escolas, quando tem que mostrar às comissões julgadoras que suas músicas têm capacidade de empolgar. “Vou” está na linha de “vai”: chama, motiva. Quanto a “vida” e “amor”, refletem o otimismo do carnaval. Nenhuma palavra fica no campo semântico do pessimismo, tristeza. E “mundo” deixa claro o aspecto grandioso, assim como “céu” – disse o jornalista Marcelo de Mello, jurado do estandarte de Ouro desde 1993. Dudu Botelho, compositor do Salgueiro, é um dos compositores dos sambas de 2007, 2008 e 2011. O samba de sua escola, aliás, tem três das seis palavras mais recorrentes: “vida”, “luz” e “mar”: – O compositor tenta, através da letra, estimular o componente e a comunidade a se inserir no roteiro do enredo. Todas as palavras mais repetidas no carnaval estão entre as mais usadas nos sambas das últimas campeãs dos anos 2000. “Terra” foi a mais escolhida (11 vezes). Em seguida, apareceram “vou” e “pra” (nove vezes); “luz”, “mar”, e “fé” (oito); “Brasil” (sete); e “vai”, “amor”, “carnaval” e “liberdade” (seis); e “vida” (cinco). Para Marcelo de Mello, a repetição das mesmas palavras indica um empobrecimento das letras: – O visual ganhou um peso grande. A última escola que venceu um campeonato por causa do samba foi o Salgueiro em 1993, com o refrão “explode coração”. MOTTA, Cláudio. Repique das mesmas palavras. O Globo, 09 fev. 2011. Adaptado.
O Texto I pode ser lido como um jogo de oposições.
A única oposição que NÃO aparece na matéria é
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Q199868 Português
                                                  REPIQUE DAS MESMAS PALAVRAS

Palavras consideradas difíceis, como “engalanada”, já não atraem muitos autores de escola de samba. A busca agora é pela comunicação direta. Em 2011, “vai” será a palavra mais repetida nos desfiles das 12 escolas do Grupo Especial: 19 vezes no total. Em seguida, uma variação do mesmo verbo: “vou”, com dez repetições. Essa também será a incidência de “vida” e “amor” (dez vezes cada uma). “Luz” e “mar” (nove vezes) fecham o pódio das mais populares de 2011. Isto sem considerar as repetições de uma mesma música, uma vez que ela não muda durante todo o desfile das escolas. Outrora clássicas, palavras como “relicário” e “divinal” só aparecerão uma vez cada uma. E “engalanado”, que já teve seus dias de estrela, ficará mesmo de fora dos desfiles do Grupo Especial. Para especialistas, as palavras mais usadas atualmente são curtas, chamam o público e motivam os componentes. – “Vai” é a clara tentativa do compositor de empolgar e envolver a plateia desde o concurso das escolas, quando tem que mostrar às comissões julgadoras que suas músicas têm capacidade de empolgar. “Vou” está na linha de “vai”: chama, motiva. Quanto a “vida” e “amor”, refletem o otimismo do carnaval. Nenhuma palavra fica no campo semântico do pessimismo, tristeza. E “mundo” deixa claro o aspecto grandioso, assim como “céu” – disse o jornalista Marcelo de Mello, jurado do estandarte de Ouro desde 1993. Dudu Botelho, compositor do Salgueiro, é um dos compositores dos sambas de 2007, 2008 e 2011. O samba de sua escola, aliás, tem três das seis palavras mais recorrentes: “vida”, “luz” e “mar”: – O compositor tenta, através da letra, estimular o componente e a comunidade a se inserir no roteiro do enredo. Todas as palavras mais repetidas no carnaval estão entre as mais usadas nos sambas das últimas campeãs dos anos 2000. “Terra” foi a mais escolhida (11 vezes). Em seguida, apareceram “vou” e “pra” (nove vezes); “luz”, “mar”, e “fé” (oito); “Brasil” (sete); e “vai”, “amor”, “carnaval” e “liberdade” (seis); e “vida” (cinco). Para Marcelo de Mello, a repetição das mesmas palavras indica um empobrecimento das letras: – O visual ganhou um peso grande. A última escola que venceu um campeonato por causa do samba foi o Salgueiro em 1993, com o refrão “explode coração”. MOTTA, Cláudio. Repique das mesmas palavras. O Globo, 09 fev. 2011. Adaptado.
Segundo o Texto I, o motivo real para o emprego de palavras mais curtas se dá porque
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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181616 Economia
A Macroeconomia estuda o comportamento do sistema econômico por um reduzido número de fatores, como a produção ou produto total de uma economia, o nível de emprego e poupança, o investimento, o consumo, o nível geral dos preços. Seus principais objetivos estão no rápido crescimento do produto e do consumo, no aumento da oferta de empregos, na inflação reduzida e no comércio internacional vantajoso. Contabilidade nacional é a técnica que tem como objetivo principal representar e quantificar a atividade econômica de um país, durante determinado período de tempo. Acerca disso, considere as seguintes definições:
I. Valor Bruto de Produção (VBP): expressão monetária da soma de todos os bens e serviços produzidos em determinado território econômico, num dado período de tempo. Não incorre no chamado erro de "dupla contagem", pois não soma os produtos finais com os insumos usados em sua elaboração.
II. Produto Bruto (PB): produção de bens e serviços finais realizados pela economia, durante um período de tempo.
III. Renda Bruta (RB): somatório das remunerações brutas dos fatores de produção empregados na economia, durante um período de tempo.
IV. Produto Interno Bruto (PIB): expressão monetária dos bens e serviços finais produzidos dentro dos limites territoriais econômicos, dependendo da origem dos fatores de produção.
V. Produto Nacional Bruto (PNB): expressão monetária dos bens e serviços produzidos por fatores de produção nacionais, independentemente do território econômico.
É INCORRETO o que consta APENAS em

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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181614 Noções de Informática
MS Project é um software utilizado para

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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181611 Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho
De acordo com a NR-10, NORMA REGULAMENTADORA N° 10, DO MINISTÉRIO DO TRABALHO E EMPREGO, em todos os serviços executados em instalações elétricas devem ser previstas e adotadas, prioritariamente, medidas de proteção coletiva de forma a garantir a segurança e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Essas medidas compreendem à desenergização elétrica e, na sua impossibilidade o emprego de tensão de segurança.
A sequência preconizada pela NR-10 para a desenergização segura de uma instalação elétrica está melhor representada em:

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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181605 Administração Geral
Sobre Planejamento Estratégico, considere os seguintes fatores:
I. A participação do Presidente.
II. Um firme comprometimento da alta direção.
III. Um bom sistema de coleta e análise de dados.
IV. Um sólido conhecimento do Gerenciamento da Rotina.
V. Divulgação das metas estabelecidas por toda a Empresa.
O sucesso de um Planejamento Estratégico implica, necessariamente, os requisitos discriminados em

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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181604 Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho
A empresa que tiver trabalhador exercendo atividades em instalações elétricas energizadas em alta tensão dentro dos limites estabelecidos como zonas controladas e de risco, para atender à nova redação da NR 10 (Portaria n° 598, de 07/12/2004), deve

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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181602 Administração Geral
Considere as seguintes afirmativas sobre “missão” e “visão” empresariais:
I. A “Missão” descreve as funções principais a serem exercidas pelo diretor da empresa.
II. A “Visão” representa o desejo do fundador da empresa com respeito ao futuro.
III. A “Missão” e a “Visão” devem ser estabelecidas ao final de cada ano para o ano seguinte.
IV. A “Missão” reflete a razão da existência da empresa.
V. A “Visão” é uma meta de longo prazo para a empresa.
É correto o que consta APENAS em

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Ano: 2011 Banca: FCC Órgão: INFRAERO Prova: FCC - 2011 - INFRAERO - Engenheiro Eletricista |
Q181601 Administração Geral
Sobre “visão estratégica”, considere as seguintes afirmativas:
I. Trata-se do planejamento de ações para operações táticas sobre objetivos vitais.
II. Significa interação com o ambiente no qual a empresa está inserida, identificando riscos, tendências, oportunidades e mudanças.
III. São os meios postos em prática para se alcançarem os objetivos finais.
IV. Significa analisar as causas para se descobrirem os efeitos.
V. Significa estabelecer metas para os acionistas, clientes, empregados e sociedade.
É correto o que consta APENAS em

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Q180912 Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho
Considerando o disposto na Norma Regulamentadora n° 09 - NR-9, é correto afirmar:

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Q180910 Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho
Em relação a segurança em serviços em eletricidade, é correto afirmar:

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Q180909 Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho
Sobre ergonomia no trabalho, considere:
I. Um assento ergonômico ao trabalhador deve possuir altura ajustável à estatura e à natureza da função exercida, pouca ou nenhuma conformação na base de assento, borda frontal arredondada e encosto com forma adaptada ao corpo para proteção da região lombar.

II. Nos locais onde são executadas atividades de ação intelectual, como os de análise de projetos, deve-se garantir que: os níveis de ruído não excedam a 35 decibéis, a temperatura interna esteja entre 20 °C a 33 °C, a velocidade e a umidade do ar sejam, respectivamente, maior do que 0,75 m/s e maior que 30%.

III. Para efeito de conforto e saúde a longo prazo são considerados adequados os limites de ruído de até 65 dB para até 8 horas de trabalho, 75 dB para até 6 horas de trabalho, 85 dB para até 4 horas de trabalho e 100 dB para, no máximo, 3 horas de trabalho.
Está correto o que se afirma APENAS em

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Q154636 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
The computer model discussed in the text “…copes with chaos to deliver relief" (title) and analyzes different factors. The only factor NOT taken in consideration in the model is the
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Q154635 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
In “The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations," (lines 41-42), the fragment “can be applied" is replaced, without change in meaning, by
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Q154634 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
Based on the meanings in the text, the two items are antonymous in
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Q154633 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
In terms of pronominal reference,
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Q154632 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
The expression in boldface introduces the idea of conclusion in
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Q154631 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
“such critical perturbations," (lines 34-35) refers to all the items below, EXCEPT
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Q154630 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
Iain Couzin is mentioned in paragraph 5 (lines 33-40) because he
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Q154629 Inglês
Model copes with chaos to deliver relief Computer program helps responders transport supplies in tough conditions
By Rachel Ehrenberg Science News, Web edition: Monday, February 21st, 2011
WASHINGTON — Getting blood or other perishable supplies to an area that’s been struck by an earthquake or hurricane isn’t as simple as asking what brown can do for you. But a new model quickly determines the best routes and means for delivering humanitarian aid, even in situations where bridges are out or airport tarmacs are clogged with planes.
The research, presented February 18 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, could help get supplies to areas which have experienced natural disasters or help prepare for efficient distribution of vaccines when the flu hits.
Efficient supply chains have long been a goal of manufacturers, but transport in fragile networks — where supply, demand and delivery routes may be in extremely rapid flux — requires a different approach, said Anna Nagurney of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, who presented the new work. Rather than considering the shortest path from one place to another to maximize profit, her system aims for the cleanest path at minimum cost, while capturing factors such as the perishability of the product and the uncertainty of supply routes. ‘You don’t know where demand is, so it’s tricky,’ said Nagurney. ‘It’s a multicriteria decision-making problem.’
By calculating the total cost associated with each link in a network, accounting for congestion and incorporating penalties for time and products that are lost, the computer model calculates the best supply chain in situations where standard routes may be disrupted.
‘Mathematical tools are essential to develop formal means to predict, and to respond to, such critical perturbations,’ said Iain Couzin of Princeton University, who uses similar computational tools to study collective animal behavior. ‘This is particularly important where response must be rapid and effective, such as during disaster scenarios … or during epidemics or breaches of national security.
’ The work can be applied to immediate, pressing situations, such as getting blood, food or medication to a disaster site, or to longer-term problems such as determining the best locations for manufacturing flu vaccines. . Retrieved April 7th, 2011.
Nagurney's comment “'It's a multicriteria decision-making problem.'" (lines 25-26) refers to the fact that
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Respostas
6321: D
6322: C
6323: D
6324: B
6325: A
6326: A
6327: D
6328: E
6329: D
6330: D
6331: C
6332: A
6333: C
6334: A
6335: E
6336: C
6337: D
6338: C
6339: A
6340: E