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Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3118066
Inglês
In formative assessment, what is the primary purpose of
providing feedback to students during the learning
process?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3118065
Inglês
Texto associado
How online photos and videos alter the way you think
The images we are exposed to on social media and
internet websites have a surprising influence on the way
we view the world.
Every day we are bombarded with digital images. They
appear on our social media feeds, in our search results
and the websites we browse. People send them to us via
messaging apps or over email. By the end of today,
billions more will have been uploaded and shared online.
With the average user spending 6 hours and 40 minutes
per day on the internet, according to one report, these
images make up a significant portion of our everyday
visual input.
And, recent research indicates that they may even be
influencing our perceptions.
One study published earlier this year analysed images on
Google,Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database
(IMBD), specifically looking at what genders
predominated when they searched for different
occupations − such as "farmer", "chief executive officer"
or "TV reporter". The findings were stark. Although
women were underrepresented overall, gender
stereotypes were strong. Categories like "plumber",
"developer", "investment banker" and "heart surgeon"
were far more likely to be male. "Housekeeper", "nurse
practitioner", "cheerleader" and "ballet dancer" tended to
be female.
So far, so unsurprising. Anecdotally, I found the same
phenomenon myself in 2019, when I was trying to find
gender-balanced images for this website. Searching on
Getty Creative, one of our main stock photo sites, I had
found that photographs of male doctors outstripped
female doctors by three to one − even though in the US,
for example, physicians under 44 at the time were more
likely to be female than male. This depiction of medical
professionals were only part of the problem. There were
twice as many options for photos of women with babies,
or for that matter, of women with salads, as of men.
The more biased images AI models themselves spit out,
the more we see; the more we see, the more implicitly
biased we become ourselves
The latest study, however, took this a step further. Rather
than just showing the extent of gender bias in online
imagery, the researchers tested whether exposure to
these images had any impact on people's own biases. In
the experiment, 423 US participants used Google to
search for different occupations. Two groups searched by
text, using either Google or Google News; another group
used Google Images, instead. (A control group also used
Google, but to search for categories unrelated to
occupations, like "apple" and "guitar"). Then all
participants were given an "implicit association test", which measures implicit biases.
Compared to Googling text-based descriptions of
occupations, the participants who used Google Images
and received visual representations in response showed
much higher rates of implicit gender bias after the
experiment − both immediately after and three days later.
"The rise of images in popular internet culture may come
at a critical social cost," the researchers write. "Our
findings are especially alarming given that image-based
social media platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat and
TikTok are surging in popularity, accelerating the mass
production and circulation of images. In parallel, popular
search engines such as Google are increasingly
incorporating images into their core functionality, for
example, by including images as a default part of
text-based searches."
There's another growing problem, too: how the images
already circulating online are informing and shaping AI
models. Earlier this year, I experimented with this myself.
I asked ChatGPT to create images for me of dozens of
various professionals: doctor, lawyer, scientist, comedian,
poet, teacher, customer service representative,
nutritionist, thought leader, CEO, expert. Except for two
or three results − dental hygienist, nurse and
housekeeper − it delivered, again and again, a man. And
not just a man, but a slim white man around his 30s with
a crop of flowing brown hair.
In a later attempt, trying to get away from career bias, I
asked ChatGPT to come up with different sorts of people
for me: someone "smart", someone "successful",
someone watching an opera, someone watching the
show Love Is Blind, someone who quit their job to take
care of the kids. Once again, over and over, I got the
white guy with the lustrous hair.
Obviously, models like ChatGPT are learning based on
the imagery that already exists. But, once again, this may
perpetuate a vicious cycle: the more biased images AI
models themselves spit out, the more we see; the more
we see, the more implicitly biased we become ourselves.
And the more biased we become, the more we create
and upload our own biased imagery.
So what can be done? A good deal of responsibility lies
with the tech and AI companies. But even when their
intentions are good, there doesn't seem to be an easy fix.
In its attempt to correct for racial, gender and other
biases, for example, Google's AI tool Gemini sometimes
overcorrected − one image it generated of the US
Founding Fathers included a black man, for example,
while an image of German soldiers from World War Two
featured a black man and an Asian woman.
In the meantime, we need to take control of shaping our
digital visual world ourselves.
While it seems obvious, the fact that we can − to a certain
extent − curate our social media feeds often goes
overlooked. Seeking out accounts and influencers who
are of different ethnic and racial backgrounds, or
photographers from different parts of the woresults we get by altering the way we phrase the initial
query.
The most effective strategy of all might be reclaiming our
time. In the eponymous "digital detox plan" of art
entrepreneur Marine Tanguy's book The Visual Detox:
How to Consume Media Without Letting It Consume You,
for example, there are no surprises, but some good, solid
reminders − such as putting limits on when you look at a
screen or your phone, deleting apps you aren't using, and
spending time outside without technology.
I became aware recently that even my several-year-old
phone has a timer you can switch on for various apps,
choosing whatever time period per day you'd like. While I
can't say that I've always heeded its warning when I hit
my limit, it's helped me become much more aware of,
and cut down on, my social media usage. As we have
covered before, putting your phone in another room
entirely seems to keep even the thought of checking it at
bay.
Above all else, however, it may be awareness that is key.
We don't often think about our visual consumption or
consider how often we're surrounded by images that
have been deliberately created and served to us, often to
persuade us to purchase something.
Nor do we think about just how strange and new a
phenomenon that is. For the vast majority of human
evolutionary history − some 99% of the time we have
been around − we wouldn't have seen many images
within our own natural environment at all, save some
cave paintings or handmade sculptures. While, in
Europe, the Renaissance ushered in a new era of image
production − which saw the rise of art markets and of
artworks made for popular consumption, like printmaking
− people still wouldn't have seen anywhere near the
number of man-made images that we see today.
In the more than 100,000 generations since the Homo
branch of the evolutionary tree emerged, we have
evolved to spend far more time looking at the world (and
people) around us than at images, never mind images on
a screen. Perhaps, it seems, there is an argument for
trying to incorporate more of that time away from our
screens into our everyday lives today.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20241101-how-online-photos-and-vid
eos-alter-the-way-you-think
In the context of the article, what does the phrase "curate
our social media feeds" imply?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3118064
Inglês
Texto associado
How online photos and videos alter the way you think
The images we are exposed to on social media and
internet websites have a surprising influence on the way
we view the world.
Every day we are bombarded with digital images. They
appear on our social media feeds, in our search results
and the websites we browse. People send them to us via
messaging apps or over email. By the end of today,
billions more will have been uploaded and shared online.
With the average user spending 6 hours and 40 minutes
per day on the internet, according to one report, these
images make up a significant portion of our everyday
visual input.
And, recent research indicates that they may even be
influencing our perceptions.
One study published earlier this year analysed images on
Google,Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database
(IMBD), specifically looking at what genders
predominated when they searched for different
occupations − such as "farmer", "chief executive officer"
or "TV reporter". The findings were stark. Although
women were underrepresented overall, gender
stereotypes were strong. Categories like "plumber",
"developer", "investment banker" and "heart surgeon"
were far more likely to be male. "Housekeeper", "nurse
practitioner", "cheerleader" and "ballet dancer" tended to
be female.
So far, so unsurprising. Anecdotally, I found the same
phenomenon myself in 2019, when I was trying to find
gender-balanced images for this website. Searching on
Getty Creative, one of our main stock photo sites, I had
found that photographs of male doctors outstripped
female doctors by three to one − even though in the US,
for example, physicians under 44 at the time were more
likely to be female than male. This depiction of medical
professionals were only part of the problem. There were
twice as many options for photos of women with babies,
or for that matter, of women with salads, as of men.
The more biased images AI models themselves spit out,
the more we see; the more we see, the more implicitly
biased we become ourselves
The latest study, however, took this a step further. Rather
than just showing the extent of gender bias in online
imagery, the researchers tested whether exposure to
these images had any impact on people's own biases. In
the experiment, 423 US participants used Google to
search for different occupations. Two groups searched by
text, using either Google or Google News; another group
used Google Images, instead. (A control group also used
Google, but to search for categories unrelated to
occupations, like "apple" and "guitar"). Then all
participants were given an "implicit association test", which measures implicit biases.
Compared to Googling text-based descriptions of
occupations, the participants who used Google Images
and received visual representations in response showed
much higher rates of implicit gender bias after the
experiment − both immediately after and three days later.
"The rise of images in popular internet culture may come
at a critical social cost," the researchers write. "Our
findings are especially alarming given that image-based
social media platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat and
TikTok are surging in popularity, accelerating the mass
production and circulation of images. In parallel, popular
search engines such as Google are increasingly
incorporating images into their core functionality, for
example, by including images as a default part of
text-based searches."
There's another growing problem, too: how the images
already circulating online are informing and shaping AI
models. Earlier this year, I experimented with this myself.
I asked ChatGPT to create images for me of dozens of
various professionals: doctor, lawyer, scientist, comedian,
poet, teacher, customer service representative,
nutritionist, thought leader, CEO, expert. Except for two
or three results − dental hygienist, nurse and
housekeeper − it delivered, again and again, a man. And
not just a man, but a slim white man around his 30s with
a crop of flowing brown hair.
In a later attempt, trying to get away from career bias, I
asked ChatGPT to come up with different sorts of people
for me: someone "smart", someone "successful",
someone watching an opera, someone watching the
show Love Is Blind, someone who quit their job to take
care of the kids. Once again, over and over, I got the
white guy with the lustrous hair.
Obviously, models like ChatGPT are learning based on
the imagery that already exists. But, once again, this may
perpetuate a vicious cycle: the more biased images AI
models themselves spit out, the more we see; the more
we see, the more implicitly biased we become ourselves.
And the more biased we become, the more we create
and upload our own biased imagery.
So what can be done? A good deal of responsibility lies
with the tech and AI companies. But even when their
intentions are good, there doesn't seem to be an easy fix.
In its attempt to correct for racial, gender and other
biases, for example, Google's AI tool Gemini sometimes
overcorrected − one image it generated of the US
Founding Fathers included a black man, for example,
while an image of German soldiers from World War Two
featured a black man and an Asian woman.
In the meantime, we need to take control of shaping our
digital visual world ourselves.
While it seems obvious, the fact that we can − to a certain
extent − curate our social media feeds often goes
overlooked. Seeking out accounts and influencers who
are of different ethnic and racial backgrounds, or
photographers from different parts of the woresults we get by altering the way we phrase the initial
query.
The most effective strategy of all might be reclaiming our
time. In the eponymous "digital detox plan" of art
entrepreneur Marine Tanguy's book The Visual Detox:
How to Consume Media Without Letting It Consume You,
for example, there are no surprises, but some good, solid
reminders − such as putting limits on when you look at a
screen or your phone, deleting apps you aren't using, and
spending time outside without technology.
I became aware recently that even my several-year-old
phone has a timer you can switch on for various apps,
choosing whatever time period per day you'd like. While I
can't say that I've always heeded its warning when I hit
my limit, it's helped me become much more aware of,
and cut down on, my social media usage. As we have
covered before, putting your phone in another room
entirely seems to keep even the thought of checking it at
bay.
Above all else, however, it may be awareness that is key.
We don't often think about our visual consumption or
consider how often we're surrounded by images that
have been deliberately created and served to us, often to
persuade us to purchase something.
Nor do we think about just how strange and new a
phenomenon that is. For the vast majority of human
evolutionary history − some 99% of the time we have
been around − we wouldn't have seen many images
within our own natural environment at all, save some
cave paintings or handmade sculptures. While, in
Europe, the Renaissance ushered in a new era of image
production − which saw the rise of art markets and of
artworks made for popular consumption, like printmaking
− people still wouldn't have seen anywhere near the
number of man-made images that we see today.
In the more than 100,000 generations since the Homo
branch of the evolutionary tree emerged, we have
evolved to spend far more time looking at the world (and
people) around us than at images, never mind images on
a screen. Perhaps, it seems, there is an argument for
trying to incorporate more of that time away from our
screens into our everyday lives today.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20241101-how-online-photos-and-vid
eos-alter-the-way-you-think
What reasoning does the author provide for suggesting a
"digital detox" as part of managing the influence of online
images?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3118063
Inglês
Texto associado
How online photos and videos alter the way you think
The images we are exposed to on social media and
internet websites have a surprising influence on the way
we view the world.
Every day we are bombarded with digital images. They
appear on our social media feeds, in our search results
and the websites we browse. People send them to us via
messaging apps or over email. By the end of today,
billions more will have been uploaded and shared online.
With the average user spending 6 hours and 40 minutes
per day on the internet, according to one report, these
images make up a significant portion of our everyday
visual input.
And, recent research indicates that they may even be
influencing our perceptions.
One study published earlier this year analysed images on
Google,Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database
(IMBD), specifically looking at what genders
predominated when they searched for different
occupations − such as "farmer", "chief executive officer"
or "TV reporter". The findings were stark. Although
women were underrepresented overall, gender
stereotypes were strong. Categories like "plumber",
"developer", "investment banker" and "heart surgeon"
were far more likely to be male. "Housekeeper", "nurse
practitioner", "cheerleader" and "ballet dancer" tended to
be female.
So far, so unsurprising. Anecdotally, I found the same
phenomenon myself in 2019, when I was trying to find
gender-balanced images for this website. Searching on
Getty Creative, one of our main stock photo sites, I had
found that photographs of male doctors outstripped
female doctors by three to one − even though in the US,
for example, physicians under 44 at the time were more
likely to be female than male. This depiction of medical
professionals were only part of the problem. There were
twice as many options for photos of women with babies,
or for that matter, of women with salads, as of men.
The more biased images AI models themselves spit out,
the more we see; the more we see, the more implicitly
biased we become ourselves
The latest study, however, took this a step further. Rather
than just showing the extent of gender bias in online
imagery, the researchers tested whether exposure to
these images had any impact on people's own biases. In
the experiment, 423 US participants used Google to
search for different occupations. Two groups searched by
text, using either Google or Google News; another group
used Google Images, instead. (A control group also used
Google, but to search for categories unrelated to
occupations, like "apple" and "guitar"). Then all
participants were given an "implicit association test", which measures implicit biases.
Compared to Googling text-based descriptions of
occupations, the participants who used Google Images
and received visual representations in response showed
much higher rates of implicit gender bias after the
experiment − both immediately after and three days later.
"The rise of images in popular internet culture may come
at a critical social cost," the researchers write. "Our
findings are especially alarming given that image-based
social media platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat and
TikTok are surging in popularity, accelerating the mass
production and circulation of images. In parallel, popular
search engines such as Google are increasingly
incorporating images into their core functionality, for
example, by including images as a default part of
text-based searches."
There's another growing problem, too: how the images
already circulating online are informing and shaping AI
models. Earlier this year, I experimented with this myself.
I asked ChatGPT to create images for me of dozens of
various professionals: doctor, lawyer, scientist, comedian,
poet, teacher, customer service representative,
nutritionist, thought leader, CEO, expert. Except for two
or three results − dental hygienist, nurse and
housekeeper − it delivered, again and again, a man. And
not just a man, but a slim white man around his 30s with
a crop of flowing brown hair.
In a later attempt, trying to get away from career bias, I
asked ChatGPT to come up with different sorts of people
for me: someone "smart", someone "successful",
someone watching an opera, someone watching the
show Love Is Blind, someone who quit their job to take
care of the kids. Once again, over and over, I got the
white guy with the lustrous hair.
Obviously, models like ChatGPT are learning based on
the imagery that already exists. But, once again, this may
perpetuate a vicious cycle: the more biased images AI
models themselves spit out, the more we see; the more
we see, the more implicitly biased we become ourselves.
And the more biased we become, the more we create
and upload our own biased imagery.
So what can be done? A good deal of responsibility lies
with the tech and AI companies. But even when their
intentions are good, there doesn't seem to be an easy fix.
In its attempt to correct for racial, gender and other
biases, for example, Google's AI tool Gemini sometimes
overcorrected − one image it generated of the US
Founding Fathers included a black man, for example,
while an image of German soldiers from World War Two
featured a black man and an Asian woman.
In the meantime, we need to take control of shaping our
digital visual world ourselves.
While it seems obvious, the fact that we can − to a certain
extent − curate our social media feeds often goes
overlooked. Seeking out accounts and influencers who
are of different ethnic and racial backgrounds, or
photographers from different parts of the woresults we get by altering the way we phrase the initial
query.
The most effective strategy of all might be reclaiming our
time. In the eponymous "digital detox plan" of art
entrepreneur Marine Tanguy's book The Visual Detox:
How to Consume Media Without Letting It Consume You,
for example, there are no surprises, but some good, solid
reminders − such as putting limits on when you look at a
screen or your phone, deleting apps you aren't using, and
spending time outside without technology.
I became aware recently that even my several-year-old
phone has a timer you can switch on for various apps,
choosing whatever time period per day you'd like. While I
can't say that I've always heeded its warning when I hit
my limit, it's helped me become much more aware of,
and cut down on, my social media usage. As we have
covered before, putting your phone in another room
entirely seems to keep even the thought of checking it at
bay.
Above all else, however, it may be awareness that is key.
We don't often think about our visual consumption or
consider how often we're surrounded by images that
have been deliberately created and served to us, often to
persuade us to purchase something.
Nor do we think about just how strange and new a
phenomenon that is. For the vast majority of human
evolutionary history − some 99% of the time we have
been around − we wouldn't have seen many images
within our own natural environment at all, save some
cave paintings or handmade sculptures. While, in
Europe, the Renaissance ushered in a new era of image
production − which saw the rise of art markets and of
artworks made for popular consumption, like printmaking
− people still wouldn't have seen anywhere near the
number of man-made images that we see today.
In the more than 100,000 generations since the Homo
branch of the evolutionary tree emerged, we have
evolved to spend far more time looking at the world (and
people) around us than at images, never mind images on
a screen. Perhaps, it seems, there is an argument for
trying to incorporate more of that time away from our
screens into our everyday lives today.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20241101-how-online-photos-and-vid
eos-alter-the-way-you-think
In the sentence "The more biased images AI models
themselves spit out, the more we see; the more we see,
the more implicitly biased we become ourselves," the
author uses this structure to emphasize:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3118062
Inglês
Texto associado
How online photos and videos alter the way you think
The images we are exposed to on social media and
internet websites have a surprising influence on the way
we view the world.
Every day we are bombarded with digital images. They
appear on our social media feeds, in our search results
and the websites we browse. People send them to us via
messaging apps or over email. By the end of today,
billions more will have been uploaded and shared online.
With the average user spending 6 hours and 40 minutes
per day on the internet, according to one report, these
images make up a significant portion of our everyday
visual input.
And, recent research indicates that they may even be
influencing our perceptions.
One study published earlier this year analysed images on
Google,Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database
(IMBD), specifically looking at what genders
predominated when they searched for different
occupations − such as "farmer", "chief executive officer"
or "TV reporter". The findings were stark. Although
women were underrepresented overall, gender
stereotypes were strong. Categories like "plumber",
"developer", "investment banker" and "heart surgeon"
were far more likely to be male. "Housekeeper", "nurse
practitioner", "cheerleader" and "ballet dancer" tended to
be female.
So far, so unsurprising. Anecdotally, I found the same
phenomenon myself in 2019, when I was trying to find
gender-balanced images for this website. Searching on
Getty Creative, one of our main stock photo sites, I had
found that photographs of male doctors outstripped
female doctors by three to one − even though in the US,
for example, physicians under 44 at the time were more
likely to be female than male. This depiction of medical
professionals were only part of the problem. There were
twice as many options for photos of women with babies,
or for that matter, of women with salads, as of men.
The more biased images AI models themselves spit out,
the more we see; the more we see, the more implicitly
biased we become ourselves
The latest study, however, took this a step further. Rather
than just showing the extent of gender bias in online
imagery, the researchers tested whether exposure to
these images had any impact on people's own biases. In
the experiment, 423 US participants used Google to
search for different occupations. Two groups searched by
text, using either Google or Google News; another group
used Google Images, instead. (A control group also used
Google, but to search for categories unrelated to
occupations, like "apple" and "guitar"). Then all
participants were given an "implicit association test", which measures implicit biases.
Compared to Googling text-based descriptions of
occupations, the participants who used Google Images
and received visual representations in response showed
much higher rates of implicit gender bias after the
experiment − both immediately after and three days later.
"The rise of images in popular internet culture may come
at a critical social cost," the researchers write. "Our
findings are especially alarming given that image-based
social media platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat and
TikTok are surging in popularity, accelerating the mass
production and circulation of images. In parallel, popular
search engines such as Google are increasingly
incorporating images into their core functionality, for
example, by including images as a default part of
text-based searches."
There's another growing problem, too: how the images
already circulating online are informing and shaping AI
models. Earlier this year, I experimented with this myself.
I asked ChatGPT to create images for me of dozens of
various professionals: doctor, lawyer, scientist, comedian,
poet, teacher, customer service representative,
nutritionist, thought leader, CEO, expert. Except for two
or three results − dental hygienist, nurse and
housekeeper − it delivered, again and again, a man. And
not just a man, but a slim white man around his 30s with
a crop of flowing brown hair.
In a later attempt, trying to get away from career bias, I
asked ChatGPT to come up with different sorts of people
for me: someone "smart", someone "successful",
someone watching an opera, someone watching the
show Love Is Blind, someone who quit their job to take
care of the kids. Once again, over and over, I got the
white guy with the lustrous hair.
Obviously, models like ChatGPT are learning based on
the imagery that already exists. But, once again, this may
perpetuate a vicious cycle: the more biased images AI
models themselves spit out, the more we see; the more
we see, the more implicitly biased we become ourselves.
And the more biased we become, the more we create
and upload our own biased imagery.
So what can be done? A good deal of responsibility lies
with the tech and AI companies. But even when their
intentions are good, there doesn't seem to be an easy fix.
In its attempt to correct for racial, gender and other
biases, for example, Google's AI tool Gemini sometimes
overcorrected − one image it generated of the US
Founding Fathers included a black man, for example,
while an image of German soldiers from World War Two
featured a black man and an Asian woman.
In the meantime, we need to take control of shaping our
digital visual world ourselves.
While it seems obvious, the fact that we can − to a certain
extent − curate our social media feeds often goes
overlooked. Seeking out accounts and influencers who
are of different ethnic and racial backgrounds, or
photographers from different parts of the woresults we get by altering the way we phrase the initial
query.
The most effective strategy of all might be reclaiming our
time. In the eponymous "digital detox plan" of art
entrepreneur Marine Tanguy's book The Visual Detox:
How to Consume Media Without Letting It Consume You,
for example, there are no surprises, but some good, solid
reminders − such as putting limits on when you look at a
screen or your phone, deleting apps you aren't using, and
spending time outside without technology.
I became aware recently that even my several-year-old
phone has a timer you can switch on for various apps,
choosing whatever time period per day you'd like. While I
can't say that I've always heeded its warning when I hit
my limit, it's helped me become much more aware of,
and cut down on, my social media usage. As we have
covered before, putting your phone in another room
entirely seems to keep even the thought of checking it at
bay.
Above all else, however, it may be awareness that is key.
We don't often think about our visual consumption or
consider how often we're surrounded by images that
have been deliberately created and served to us, often to
persuade us to purchase something.
Nor do we think about just how strange and new a
phenomenon that is. For the vast majority of human
evolutionary history − some 99% of the time we have
been around − we wouldn't have seen many images
within our own natural environment at all, save some
cave paintings or handmade sculptures. While, in
Europe, the Renaissance ushered in a new era of image
production − which saw the rise of art markets and of
artworks made for popular consumption, like printmaking
− people still wouldn't have seen anywhere near the
number of man-made images that we see today.
In the more than 100,000 generations since the Homo
branch of the evolutionary tree emerged, we have
evolved to spend far more time looking at the world (and
people) around us than at images, never mind images on
a screen. Perhaps, it seems, there is an argument for
trying to incorporate more of that time away from our
screens into our everyday lives today.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20241101-how-online-photos-and-vid
eos-alter-the-way-you-think
According to the author, what role does "awareness" play
in managing the influence of images?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Inglês |
Q3118061
Inglês
Texto associado
How online photos and videos alter the way you think
The images we are exposed to on social media and
internet websites have a surprising influence on the way
we view the world.
Every day we are bombarded with digital images. They
appear on our social media feeds, in our search results
and the websites we browse. People send them to us via
messaging apps or over email. By the end of today,
billions more will have been uploaded and shared online.
With the average user spending 6 hours and 40 minutes
per day on the internet, according to one report, these
images make up a significant portion of our everyday
visual input.
And, recent research indicates that they may even be
influencing our perceptions.
One study published earlier this year analysed images on
Google,Wikipedia and the Internet Movie Database
(IMBD), specifically looking at what genders
predominated when they searched for different
occupations − such as "farmer", "chief executive officer"
or "TV reporter". The findings were stark. Although
women were underrepresented overall, gender
stereotypes were strong. Categories like "plumber",
"developer", "investment banker" and "heart surgeon"
were far more likely to be male. "Housekeeper", "nurse
practitioner", "cheerleader" and "ballet dancer" tended to
be female.
So far, so unsurprising. Anecdotally, I found the same
phenomenon myself in 2019, when I was trying to find
gender-balanced images for this website. Searching on
Getty Creative, one of our main stock photo sites, I had
found that photographs of male doctors outstripped
female doctors by three to one − even though in the US,
for example, physicians under 44 at the time were more
likely to be female than male. This depiction of medical
professionals were only part of the problem. There were
twice as many options for photos of women with babies,
or for that matter, of women with salads, as of men.
The more biased images AI models themselves spit out,
the more we see; the more we see, the more implicitly
biased we become ourselves
The latest study, however, took this a step further. Rather
than just showing the extent of gender bias in online
imagery, the researchers tested whether exposure to
these images had any impact on people's own biases. In
the experiment, 423 US participants used Google to
search for different occupations. Two groups searched by
text, using either Google or Google News; another group
used Google Images, instead. (A control group also used
Google, but to search for categories unrelated to
occupations, like "apple" and "guitar"). Then all
participants were given an "implicit association test", which measures implicit biases.
Compared to Googling text-based descriptions of
occupations, the participants who used Google Images
and received visual representations in response showed
much higher rates of implicit gender bias after the
experiment − both immediately after and three days later.
"The rise of images in popular internet culture may come
at a critical social cost," the researchers write. "Our
findings are especially alarming given that image-based
social media platforms such as Instagram, Snapchat and
TikTok are surging in popularity, accelerating the mass
production and circulation of images. In parallel, popular
search engines such as Google are increasingly
incorporating images into their core functionality, for
example, by including images as a default part of
text-based searches."
There's another growing problem, too: how the images
already circulating online are informing and shaping AI
models. Earlier this year, I experimented with this myself.
I asked ChatGPT to create images for me of dozens of
various professionals: doctor, lawyer, scientist, comedian,
poet, teacher, customer service representative,
nutritionist, thought leader, CEO, expert. Except for two
or three results − dental hygienist, nurse and
housekeeper − it delivered, again and again, a man. And
not just a man, but a slim white man around his 30s with
a crop of flowing brown hair.
In a later attempt, trying to get away from career bias, I
asked ChatGPT to come up with different sorts of people
for me: someone "smart", someone "successful",
someone watching an opera, someone watching the
show Love Is Blind, someone who quit their job to take
care of the kids. Once again, over and over, I got the
white guy with the lustrous hair.
Obviously, models like ChatGPT are learning based on
the imagery that already exists. But, once again, this may
perpetuate a vicious cycle: the more biased images AI
models themselves spit out, the more we see; the more
we see, the more implicitly biased we become ourselves.
And the more biased we become, the more we create
and upload our own biased imagery.
So what can be done? A good deal of responsibility lies
with the tech and AI companies. But even when their
intentions are good, there doesn't seem to be an easy fix.
In its attempt to correct for racial, gender and other
biases, for example, Google's AI tool Gemini sometimes
overcorrected − one image it generated of the US
Founding Fathers included a black man, for example,
while an image of German soldiers from World War Two
featured a black man and an Asian woman.
In the meantime, we need to take control of shaping our
digital visual world ourselves.
While it seems obvious, the fact that we can − to a certain
extent − curate our social media feeds often goes
overlooked. Seeking out accounts and influencers who
are of different ethnic and racial backgrounds, or
photographers from different parts of the woresults we get by altering the way we phrase the initial
query.
The most effective strategy of all might be reclaiming our
time. In the eponymous "digital detox plan" of art
entrepreneur Marine Tanguy's book The Visual Detox:
How to Consume Media Without Letting It Consume You,
for example, there are no surprises, but some good, solid
reminders − such as putting limits on when you look at a
screen or your phone, deleting apps you aren't using, and
spending time outside without technology.
I became aware recently that even my several-year-old
phone has a timer you can switch on for various apps,
choosing whatever time period per day you'd like. While I
can't say that I've always heeded its warning when I hit
my limit, it's helped me become much more aware of,
and cut down on, my social media usage. As we have
covered before, putting your phone in another room
entirely seems to keep even the thought of checking it at
bay.
Above all else, however, it may be awareness that is key.
We don't often think about our visual consumption or
consider how often we're surrounded by images that
have been deliberately created and served to us, often to
persuade us to purchase something.
Nor do we think about just how strange and new a
phenomenon that is. For the vast majority of human
evolutionary history − some 99% of the time we have
been around − we wouldn't have seen many images
within our own natural environment at all, save some
cave paintings or handmade sculptures. While, in
Europe, the Renaissance ushered in a new era of image
production − which saw the rise of art markets and of
artworks made for popular consumption, like printmaking
− people still wouldn't have seen anywhere near the
number of man-made images that we see today.
In the more than 100,000 generations since the Homo
branch of the evolutionary tree emerged, we have
evolved to spend far more time looking at the world (and
people) around us than at images, never mind images on
a screen. Perhaps, it seems, there is an argument for
trying to incorporate more of that time away from our
screens into our everyday lives today.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20241101-how-online-photos-and-vid
eos-alter-the-way-you-think
What can be inferred about the impact of social media
images on viewers, according to the article?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118055
Português
Leia com atenção as afirmativas abaixo:
I.Tenho esperança de que tudo se resolva logo.
II.Só tenho um desejo: que todos sejam felizes.
III.É importante que você estude todos os dias.
IV.Convém que todos compareçam à reunião.
V.Ele tinha certeza de que conseguiria o emprego.
Em quais das afirmativas lidas há o emprego de uma oração subordinada substantiva subjetiva?
I.Tenho esperança de que tudo se resolva logo.
II.Só tenho um desejo: que todos sejam felizes.
III.É importante que você estude todos os dias.
IV.Convém que todos compareçam à reunião.
V.Ele tinha certeza de que conseguiria o emprego.
Em quais das afirmativas lidas há o emprego de uma oração subordinada substantiva subjetiva?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118054
Pedagogia
O planejamento de aula exige que o professor defina
objetivos educacionais que estejam alinhados com as
habilidades e necessidades dos alunos, para promover
um aprendizado significativo. Leia as afirmações a seguir
e selecione a alternativa que indica a classificação
correta (V = Verdadeiro; F = Falso):
( )Ao definir os objetivos educacionais, o professor deve focar exclusivamente no conteúdo, pois o desenvolvimento de habilidades é uma responsabilidade que se limita ao contexto familiar.
( )Objetivos educacionais bem definidos devem ser claros, mensuráveis e adaptáveis, para que o professor possa ajustar as atividades de acordo com o nível e o progresso dos alunos.
( )A definição de objetivos que integram habilidades cognitivas e socioemocionais contribui para um desenvolvimento mais completo dos alunos, considerando aspectos além do desempenho acadêmico.
( )Os objetivos educacionais devem ser universais, sem adaptações para diferentes turmas, pois isso garante a padronização do ensino e a equidade de aprendizagem para todos os alunos.
( )Ao definir os objetivos educacionais, o professor deve focar exclusivamente no conteúdo, pois o desenvolvimento de habilidades é uma responsabilidade que se limita ao contexto familiar.
( )Objetivos educacionais bem definidos devem ser claros, mensuráveis e adaptáveis, para que o professor possa ajustar as atividades de acordo com o nível e o progresso dos alunos.
( )A definição de objetivos que integram habilidades cognitivas e socioemocionais contribui para um desenvolvimento mais completo dos alunos, considerando aspectos além do desempenho acadêmico.
( )Os objetivos educacionais devem ser universais, sem adaptações para diferentes turmas, pois isso garante a padronização do ensino e a equidade de aprendizagem para todos os alunos.
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118053
Pedagogia
A escola desempenha um papel fundamental no
desenvolvimento integral dos alunos, abrangendo
aspectos cognitivos, emocionais e sociais. Leia as
afirmações a seguir e selecione a alternativa que indica a
classificação correta (V = Verdadeiro; F = Falso):
(__)A escola deve focar prioritariamente no desenvolvimento das habilidades acadêmicas dos alunos, pois aspectos emocionais e sociais são melhor desenvolvidos fora do ambiente escolar.
(__)A colaboração entre escola, família e comunidade é essencial para promover um desenvolvimento integral, uma vez que cada uma dessas esferas contribui com valores e experiências complementares.
(__)A promoção de atividades extracurriculares, como esportes e artes, contribui para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos, incentivando habilidades como criatividade, disciplina e trabalho em equipe.
(__)A escola tem o papel de educar para a cidadania, desenvolvendo a consciência crítica e o respeito às diferenças, o que ajuda a formar indivíduos socialmente responsáveis e engajados.
(__)A escola deve focar prioritariamente no desenvolvimento das habilidades acadêmicas dos alunos, pois aspectos emocionais e sociais são melhor desenvolvidos fora do ambiente escolar.
(__)A colaboração entre escola, família e comunidade é essencial para promover um desenvolvimento integral, uma vez que cada uma dessas esferas contribui com valores e experiências complementares.
(__)A promoção de atividades extracurriculares, como esportes e artes, contribui para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos, incentivando habilidades como criatividade, disciplina e trabalho em equipe.
(__)A escola tem o papel de educar para a cidadania, desenvolvendo a consciência crítica e o respeito às diferenças, o que ajuda a formar indivíduos socialmente responsáveis e engajados.
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118052
Pedagogia
A escolha e utilização de livros didáticos e outros
recursos pedagógicos em sala de aula têm impacto
significativo no processo de ensino-aprendizagem,
especialmente em um contexto educacional diversificado
e dinâmico. Considerando as boas práticas pedagógicas,
qual das alternativas abaixo representa a melhor
abordagem para maximizar o uso de livros didáticos e de
outros recursos no desenvolvimento de competências e
habilidades nos alunos?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118051
Pedagogia
No processo ensino-aprendizagem, as estratégias de
avaliação formativa e somativa são fundamentais para
acompanhar e medir o progresso dos alunos de forma
contínua e ao final do processo educativo. Sobre essas
estratégias, assinale a alternativa correta:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118050
Pedagogia
O papel do professor na formação ética e cidadã dos
estudantes vai além do ensino de conteúdos curriculares
e envolve a construção de valores e a promoção da
consciência crítica. Com base nessa perspectiva, analise
as alternativas a seguir e assinale a opção correta:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118049
Pedagogia
A criação de atividades pedagógicas que integram
habilidades linguísticas (leitura, escrita, escuta e fala) é
fundamental para o desenvolvimento completo dos
alunos em uma língua. Sobre as estratégias para a
prática integrada dessas habilidades, analise as
alternativas e assinale a opção correta:
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118048
Pedagogia
A construção de um ambiente de aprendizado positivo
depende de estratégias eficazes de interação entre
professor e aluno. A seguir, leia as afirmações e
selecione a alternativa que indica a classificação correta
(V = Verdadeiro; F = Falso):
(__)A empatia do professor é uma ferramenta fundamental, pois promove uma comunicação mais aberta e fortalece o vínculo com os alunos, aumentando a motivação deles.
(__)Estratégias como o feedback construtivo e a escuta ativa ajudam a desenvolver a confiança dos alunos e a participação ativa no processo de aprendizagem.
(__)Um professor que demonstra interesse no desenvolvimento pessoal e acadêmico dos alunos contribui para um ambiente positivo, mas é essencial que ele mantenha uma postura distante para não perder a autoridade.
(__)A empatia do professor é uma ferramenta fundamental, pois promove uma comunicação mais aberta e fortalece o vínculo com os alunos, aumentando a motivação deles.
(__)Estratégias como o feedback construtivo e a escuta ativa ajudam a desenvolver a confiança dos alunos e a participação ativa no processo de aprendizagem.
(__)Um professor que demonstra interesse no desenvolvimento pessoal e acadêmico dos alunos contribui para um ambiente positivo, mas é essencial que ele mantenha uma postura distante para não perder a autoridade.
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118047
Espanhol
Texto associado
"Cada mañana, Laura sale de su casa temprano para ir
al trabajo. Vive en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de
montañas, donde las personas aún se saludan en la
calle y la vida transcurre con tranquilidad. Laura trabaja
en una librería en la ciudad, a unos 20 kilómetros de su
hogar. Aunque le toma tiempo llegar, disfruta del trayecto
porque le permite admirar el paisaje y escuchar sus
podcasts favoritos. Su día suele ser largo, pero al final
siempre regresa contenta, sabiendo que ha ayudado a
muchos clientes a encontrar el libro perfecto."
¿Cuál es el objetivo principal del trabajo de Laura?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118046
Espanhol
Texto associado
"Cada mañana, Laura sale de su casa temprano para ir
al trabajo. Vive en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de
montañas, donde las personas aún se saludan en la
calle y la vida transcurre con tranquilidad. Laura trabaja
en una librería en la ciudad, a unos 20 kilómetros de su
hogar. Aunque le toma tiempo llegar, disfruta del trayecto
porque le permite admirar el paisaje y escuchar sus
podcasts favoritos. Su día suele ser largo, pero al final
siempre regresa contenta, sabiendo que ha ayudado a
muchos clientes a encontrar el libro perfecto."
Marque qual é a finalidade do advérbio "aún" em ",
donde las personas aún se saludan?"?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118045
Espanhol
Texto associado
"Cada mañana, Laura sale de su casa temprano para ir
al trabajo. Vive en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de
montañas, donde las personas aún se saludan en la
calle y la vida transcurre con tranquilidad. Laura trabaja
en una librería en la ciudad, a unos 20 kilómetros de su
hogar. Aunque le toma tiempo llegar, disfruta del trayecto
porque le permite admirar el paisaje y escuchar sus
podcasts favoritos. Su día suele ser largo, pero al final
siempre regresa contenta, sabiendo que ha ayudado a
muchos clientes a encontrar el libro perfecto."
No texto, qual o tempo verbal de "Laura trabaja en una librería en la ciudad"?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118044
Espanhol
Texto associado
"Cada mañana, Laura sale de su casa temprano para ir
al trabajo. Vive en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de
montañas, donde las personas aún se saludan en la
calle y la vida transcurre con tranquilidad. Laura trabaja
en una librería en la ciudad, a unos 20 kilómetros de su
hogar. Aunque le toma tiempo llegar, disfruta del trayecto
porque le permite admirar el paisaje y escuchar sus
podcasts favoritos. Su día suele ser largo, pero al final
siempre regresa contenta, sabiendo que ha ayudado a
muchos clientes a encontrar el libro perfecto."
¿Por qué Laura disfruta de su trayecto hacia el trabajo?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118043
Espanhol
Texto associado
"Cada mañana, Laura sale de su casa temprano para ir
al trabajo. Vive en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de
montañas, donde las personas aún se saludan en la
calle y la vida transcurre con tranquilidad. Laura trabaja
en una librería en la ciudad, a unos 20 kilómetros de su
hogar. Aunque le toma tiempo llegar, disfruta del trayecto
porque le permite admirar el paisaje y escuchar sus
podcasts favoritos. Su día suele ser largo, pero al final
siempre regresa contenta, sabiendo que ha ayudado a
muchos clientes a encontrar el libro perfecto."
¿Por qué el viaje de Laura es considerado largo?
Ano: 2024
Banca:
AMEOSC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC
Prova:
AMEOSC - 2024 - Prefeitura de Anchieta - SC - Professor de Língua Estrangeira Espanhol |
Q3118042
Espanhol
Texto associado
"Cada mañana, Laura sale de su casa temprano para ir
al trabajo. Vive en un pequeño pueblo rodeado de
montañas, donde las personas aún se saludan en la
calle y la vida transcurre con tranquilidad. Laura trabaja
en una librería en la ciudad, a unos 20 kilómetros de su
hogar. Aunque le toma tiempo llegar, disfruta del trayecto
porque le permite admirar el paisaje y escuchar sus
podcasts favoritos. Su día suele ser largo, pero al final
siempre regresa contenta, sabiendo que ha ayudado a
muchos clientes a encontrar el libro perfecto."
Marque a alternativa que corresponde a classe
gramatical de "favoritos" em "admirar el paisaje y
escuchar sus podcasts favoritos".
Conheça nossos planos