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World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
With the help of text VII, judge the following items.
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
With the help of text VII, judge the following items.
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
Tribunal Federal (STF) concedeu habeas corpus a
Abrahão Zarzur, ex-diretor-presidente do Banco
4 Mercantil de Descontos (BMD). O executivo era réu em
uma ação penal movida pelo Ministério Público Federal
(MPF) em São Paulo a partir de uma autuação do
7 BACEN, que apurou irregularidades no balanço da
instituição financeira em 1994. O julgamento de 12 de
março, cujo acórdão ainda não foi publicado, abre um
10 importante precedente sobre o trancamento de uma ação
penal após um órgão administrativo — BACEN —
concluir que não houve irregularidades e extinguir o
13 processo administrativo que originou a ação penal.
De acordo com o exposto pelo advogado de
Zarzur no pedido de habeas corpus, o seu cliente estaria
16 na iminência de ser submetido ao constrangimento do
processo criminal em virtude de comportamento
reconhecido pacificamente como lícito pelo BACEN,
19 cuja decisão foi confirmada pelo Conselho de Recursos
do Sistema Financeiro Nacional (CRSFN). Para o
advogado, se a independência entre as instâncias penal
22 e administrativa for interpretada restritivamente, acaba
por subordinar-se o julgador à autoridade administrativa,
não nas suas decisões finais e bem discutidas, mas nos
25 erros que comete.
Valor Econômico, 18/3/2002, ano 3, n.º 468 (com adaptações).
Considerando o texto acima, julgue os itens subseqüentes.
Tribunal Federal (STF) concedeu habeas corpus a
Abrahão Zarzur, ex-diretor-presidente do Banco
4 Mercantil de Descontos (BMD). O executivo era réu em
uma ação penal movida pelo Ministério Público Federal
(MPF) em São Paulo a partir de uma autuação do
7 BACEN, que apurou irregularidades no balanço da
instituição financeira em 1994. O julgamento de 12 de
março, cujo acórdão ainda não foi publicado, abre um
10 importante precedente sobre o trancamento de uma ação
penal após um órgão administrativo — BACEN —
concluir que não houve irregularidades e extinguir o
13 processo administrativo que originou a ação penal.
De acordo com o exposto pelo advogado de
Zarzur no pedido de habeas corpus, o seu cliente estaria
16 na iminência de ser submetido ao constrangimento do
processo criminal em virtude de comportamento
reconhecido pacificamente como lícito pelo BACEN,
19 cuja decisão foi confirmada pelo Conselho de Recursos
do Sistema Financeiro Nacional (CRSFN). Para o
advogado, se a independência entre as instâncias penal
22 e administrativa for interpretada restritivamente, acaba
por subordinar-se o julgador à autoridade administrativa,
não nas suas decisões finais e bem discutidas, mas nos
25 erros que comete.
Valor Econômico, 18/3/2002, ano 3, n.º 468 (com adaptações).
Considerando o texto acima, julgue os itens subseqüentes.
Tribunal Federal (STF) concedeu habeas corpus a
Abrahão Zarzur, ex-diretor-presidente do Banco
4 Mercantil de Descontos (BMD). O executivo era réu em
uma ação penal movida pelo Ministério Público Federal
(MPF) em São Paulo a partir de uma autuação do
7 BACEN, que apurou irregularidades no balanço da
instituição financeira em 1994. O julgamento de 12 de
março, cujo acórdão ainda não foi publicado, abre um
10 importante precedente sobre o trancamento de uma ação
penal após um órgão administrativo — BACEN —
concluir que não houve irregularidades e extinguir o
13 processo administrativo que originou a ação penal.
De acordo com o exposto pelo advogado de
Zarzur no pedido de habeas corpus, o seu cliente estaria
16 na iminência de ser submetido ao constrangimento do
processo criminal em virtude de comportamento
reconhecido pacificamente como lícito pelo BACEN,
19 cuja decisão foi confirmada pelo Conselho de Recursos
do Sistema Financeiro Nacional (CRSFN). Para o
advogado, se a independência entre as instâncias penal
22 e administrativa for interpretada restritivamente, acaba
por subordinar-se o julgador à autoridade administrativa,
não nas suas decisões finais e bem discutidas, mas nos
25 erros que comete.
Valor Econômico, 18/3/2002, ano 3, n.º 468 (com adaptações).
Considerando o texto acima, julgue os itens subseqüentes.