Questões de Concurso Comentadas para prefeitura de macaé - rj

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Q3050814
Português Interpretação de Textos , Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050814 Português
Um jornalista moderno escreveu:
Nossa juventude está mal preparada para a sociedade civilizada se insistirmos em uma educação que produz uma competência linguística pouco expressiva.
Assinale a opção que apresenta a tese do autor desse texto. 
Alternativas
Q3050813
Linguística Fundamentos da Linguística , Linguística e outras ciências – Neurolinguística, Psicolinguística, Sociolinguística ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050813 Linguística
Sobre o surgimento da linguagem humana, leia o texto a seguir.

Embora não exista uma resposta fechada para a pergunta de como surgiu a linguagem humana, há alguns experimentos e teorias que sugerem que o início do processo se deu entre os antepassados do Homo Sapiens há 1,5 milhão de anos. A hipótese mais considerada pelos especialistas é a antropológica, ou seja, o processo resultou da necessidade de o homem, além de se comunicar socialmente, garantir sua sobrevivência.

Sobre o texto, assinale a afirmativa correta.
Alternativas
Q3050812
Português Interpretação de Textos , Noções Gerais de Compreensão e Interpretação de Texto ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050812 Português
Na tira em quadrinhos abaixo há a presença de duas traças e de um rato, com o seguinte diálogo:

Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Fonte: Fernando Gonsales, Níquel Náusea: Cadê o ratinho do titito? São Paulo: Devir, 2011.

Sobre essa tira em quadrinhos, assinale a afirmativa inadequada.
Alternativas
Q3050811
Linguística Fundamentos da Linguística ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050811 Linguística
Um professor de Língua Portuguesa, em uma de suas aulas, declarou:

Vocês precisam aprender muito bem a nossa língua a fim de que possam utilizá-la da forma mais eficiente possível.

A concepção de linguagem presente nessa frase é a de linguagem como
Alternativas
Q3050810
Linguística Análise do Discurso ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050810 Linguística
Assinale a opção que apresenta a marca que pertence à língua falada e não à língua escrita.
Alternativas
Q3050809
Português Interpretação de Textos , Funções da Linguagem: emotiva, apelativa, referencial, metalinguística, fática e poética. ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050809 Português
Um professor da Universidade de Coimbra, em Portugal, olhando para as estantes da biblioteca da universidade, disse aos alunos:

Vejam bem os séculos de conhecimento que vos contemplam.

Nesse caso, a linguagem é vista com a função de
Alternativas
Q3050808
Linguística Análise do Discurso ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050808 Linguística
Os filmes do cinema mudo mostravam comunicação entre pessoas em linguagem não-verbal.
Assinale a opção que não corresponde a esse tipo de linguagem.
Alternativas
Q3050807
Linguística Análise do Discurso ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Portuguesa |
Q3050807 Linguística

Observe as duas primeiras estrofes de um poema de Carlos Drummond de Andrade: 


A linguagem

na ponta da língua,

tão fácil de falar

e de entender.


A linguagem

na superfície estrelada de letras,

sabe lá o que ela quer dizer?



Nessas estrofes há referência a dois tipos de linguagem, que são, respectivamente,


Alternativas
Q3050736
Inglês Verbos | Verbs , Verbos modais | Modal verbs ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050736 Inglês
TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

The modal verb in “Even preschool-age children […] can still engage in early literacy activities”(1st paragraph) indicates
Alternativas
Q3050735
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050735 Inglês
TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

The word “like” in “readiness exercises like tracing” (1st paragraph) expresses
Alternativas
Q3050734
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050734 Inglês
TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

The extract that contains a discourse maker signalling that additional information will be given is:
Alternativas
Q3050733
Inglês Pronomes | Pronouns ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050733 Inglês
TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

“One” in “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (1st paragraph) is a 
Alternativas
Q3050732
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050732 Inglês
TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

In the last paragraph, the author
Alternativas
Q3050731
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050731 Inglês
TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


        Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


        Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

        Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

Based on Text VI, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).

( ) Literacy instruction should begin only after young learners have had oral instruction in EFL.
( ) The author calls for a curriculum that combines speaking, reading, writing, and listening.
( ) Teaching a foreign language before youngsters learn how to read in their first language can be detrimental.

The statements are, respectively,
Alternativas
Q3050727
Inglês Caso genitivo | Genitive case ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050727 Inglês
TEXT IV


Understanding stereotypes



        Stanford linguists and psychologists study how language is interpreted by people. Even the slightest differences in language use can correspond with biased beliefs of the speakers, according to research.


          One study showed that a relatively harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can subtly perpetuate sexist stereotypes. Because of the statement’s grammatical structure, it implies that being good at math is more common or natural for boys than girls, the researchers said.


        Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly.



Source: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/the-power-of-language-howwords-shape-people-culture 
The use of the apostrophe in “the statement’s grammatical structure”(2nd paragraph) is the same as in: 
Alternativas
Q3050726
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050726 Inglês
TEXT IV


Understanding stereotypes



        Stanford linguists and psychologists study how language is interpreted by people. Even the slightest differences in language use can correspond with biased beliefs of the speakers, according to research.


          One study showed that a relatively harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can subtly perpetuate sexist stereotypes. Because of the statement’s grammatical structure, it implies that being good at math is more common or natural for boys than girls, the researchers said.


        Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly.



Source: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/the-power-of-language-howwords-shape-people-culture 
The extract “girls are as good as boys at math,” (2nd paragraph) indicates a
Alternativas
Q3050725
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050725 Inglês
TEXT IV


Understanding stereotypes



        Stanford linguists and psychologists study how language is interpreted by people. Even the slightest differences in language use can correspond with biased beliefs of the speakers, according to research.


          One study showed that a relatively harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can subtly perpetuate sexist stereotypes. Because of the statement’s grammatical structure, it implies that being good at math is more common or natural for boys than girls, the researchers said.


        Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly.



Source: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/the-power-of-language-howwords-shape-people-culture 
In this context, the word that is similar in meaning to “harmless” (2nd paragraph) is
Alternativas
Q3050724
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050724 Inglês
TEXT IV


Understanding stereotypes



        Stanford linguists and psychologists study how language is interpreted by people. Even the slightest differences in language use can correspond with biased beliefs of the speakers, according to research.


          One study showed that a relatively harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can subtly perpetuate sexist stereotypes. Because of the statement’s grammatical structure, it implies that being good at math is more common or natural for boys than girls, the researchers said.


        Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly.



Source: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/the-power-of-language-howwords-shape-people-culture 
The adjective in “the slightest differences” (1st paragraph) can be replaced without significant change of meaning by
Alternativas
Q3050723
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050723 Inglês
TEXT IV


Understanding stereotypes



        Stanford linguists and psychologists study how language is interpreted by people. Even the slightest differences in language use can correspond with biased beliefs of the speakers, according to research.


          One study showed that a relatively harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can subtly perpetuate sexist stereotypes. Because of the statement’s grammatical structure, it implies that being good at math is more common or natural for boys than girls, the researchers said.


        Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly.



Source: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/the-power-of-language-howwords-shape-people-culture 
Analyse the assertions below based on Text IV:

I. Linguists are aware that language may convey prejudice.
II. Speakers may not realize their language choices might conceal implicit biases.
III. Stanford researchers have found out that boys actually outshine girls at math.

Choose the correct answer:
Alternativas
Q3050718
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2024 Banca: FGV Órgão: Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ Prova: FGV - 2024 - Prefeitura de Macaé - RJ - Professor C - Língua Inglesa |
Q3050718 Inglês
TEXT II


Language matters. The words we use shape the stories we construct of people and places, and ultimately, the policies and decisions we make.


Source: https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/do-what-i-say-not-what-i-do-decolonizinglanguage-international-development 
The adverb “ultimately” can be replaced by 
Alternativas
Respostas
181: C
182: B
183: E
184: B
185: B
186: B
187: E
188: C
189: D
190: B
191: C
192: E
193: B
194: A
195: A
196: D
197: E
198: A
199: D
200: D
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