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(__)The plasma membrane is fluid and flexible, due to the presence of microdomains, such as "lipid rafts," and is organized with proteins that function as structural anchors, receptors, ion channels, and transporters.
(__)The Na+/K+-ATPase pump is an important example of facilitated diffusion, which is one of the therapeutic targets of digoxin used in the treatment of heart failure.
(__)In passive transport, the drug moves by diffusion following a concentration gradient, depending on its solubility in the lipid bilayer, the concentration gradient, the partition coefficient, and the membrane area.
Select the alternative in which the respective order of judgment is correct:
I.Diabetic nephropathy often causes hypokalemia in the early stages of kidney failure due to renal tubular alkalosis. For treatment, the use of thiazide diuretics is indicated, which reduce potassium excretion and increase the salt load in the collecting duct.
II.Diseases such as hypothyroidism and systemic lupus erythematosus promote excessive release of salt and water by the kidneys, primarily due to a disturbance in the regulation of renal microcirculation and tubular function, mediated by the release of prostaglandins, cytokines, and other inflammatory factors.
III.Loop diuretics can worsen the formation of urinary casts in multiple myeloma and light-chain nephropathy by increasing chloride concentration, which enhances the secretion of Tamm-Horsfall protein, facilitating its aggregation with Bence Jones proteins.
Select the correct alternative: