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Q2003349 Sociologia
O etnocentrismo pode ser definido como sendo a visão de mundo demonstrada por indivíduos que consideram seu grupo étnico ou sua cultura como melhor e o centro de tudo. Com efeito, todas as diferentes formações culturais são pensadas a partir desse referencial único, que é colocado num plano superior aos outros.

Em relação ao conceito de etnocentrismo, é CORRETO afirmar:
Alternativas
Q2003348 Sociologia
Do ponto de vista sociológico, mudança social é toda transformação observável no tempo que afeta, de modo não provisório ou efêmero, a estrutura ou o funcionamento da organização social de uma dada coletividade, modificando o curso de sua história.

Esse processo de mudança social ocorre, EXCETO devido a fatores 
Alternativas
Q2003347 Sociologia
Em relação aos conceitos de instituição social, estrutura social e estratificação social elaborados pela Sociologia, NÃO é correto afirmar:
Alternativas
Q2003346 Sociologia
Em relação aos conceitos de papel, status e habitus elaborados pela Sociologia, numere a segunda coluna de acordo com a primeira:

1 Papel (   ) Obtido em função das qualidades pessoais do indivíduo, ou seja, de suas capacidades e habilidades desenvolvidas ao longo da vida como resultado da competição e do trabalho e do reconhecimento de seus êxitos pelo grupo social.

2 Status (    ) Indica as maneiras de se comportar que são esperadas de qualquer indivíduo que ocupa certa posição na sociedade, isto é, representa o comportamento associado a determinadas posições sociais.

3 Status atribuído (    ) Produto do aprendizado que se torna inconsciente e que se traduz, a seguir, em habilidade aparentemente natural e em capacidade espontânea de atuar num determinado meio social.

4 Status adquirido (   ) Não é escolhido voluntariamente pelo indivíduo e não depende de suas ações ou qualidades. Os principais fatores que caracterizam a posição social do indivíduo são: idade, sexo, etnia, classe social etc.

5 Habitus (   ) Condição conferida a um indivíduo a qual lhe atribui direitos e deveres, além da implicação de seguir uma orientação prescrita que é difundida através da educação e da coação social.

A sequência CORRETA, de cima para baixo, é:
Alternativas
Q2003345 Sociologia
A respeito dos padrões de comportamento social que podem ser observados nos diversos contextos ou grupos sociais e que influenciam na conduta de seus membros, identifique com V ou F as proposições, conforme sejam verdadeiras ou falsas.

(   ) As formas como os indivíduos agem coletivamente, como eles se relacionam entre si, como produzem sua vida material e espiritual, são o que constrói a sociedade. Assim como os indivíduos influenciam na dinâmica social, a sociedade também exerce influência sobre eles, ou seja, indivíduo e sociedade são interdependentes.

(   ) O comportamento social humano, da mesma maneira que outras espécies que vivem coletivamente, é orientado pela cultura e também pelos instintos naturais. Assim, o comportamento humano baseado na cultura e na aprendizagem é o que une essencialmente o homem às demais espécies.

(   ) Os padrões de comportamento coletivo são adquiridos. Tudo que os indivíduos compartilham ao viver em sociedade, suas crenças, valores e expectativas sociais é o resultado de um processo de aprendizagem da cultura, também denominado de socialização.

(   ) Ao nascer, os indivíduos são dotados de potencialidades inatas como a linguagem, a inteligência, a postura bípede dentre outras. Todas essas potencialidades se desenvolvem naturalmente, independente do contexto social onde os indivíduos estão inseridos.

(   ) As condutas que os indivíduos devem ou não assumir, como eles devem se relacionar e tudo o que é comum a eles derivam do convívio social. Em primeira instância, vem a família e, posteriormente, vão sendo somadas as vivências no bairro, na escola, nos grupos de referência, a mídia etc.

A sequência CORRETA, de cima para baixo, é: 
Alternativas
Q2003344 Sociologia
São características do pensamento político de Karl Marx, EXCETO:
Alternativas
Q2003343 Sociologia
Segundo Karl Marx, as desigualdades sociais são provocadas pelas relações de produção que, no sistema capitalista, dividem a sociedade em duas grandes classes sociais: os proprietários e os não proprietários dos meios de produção.

Em relação ao conceito de classes sociais em Marx, NÃO é correto afirmar:
Alternativas
Q2003342 Sociologia
Em relação aos conceitos de ação social, relação social, dominação e racionalização elaborados por Max Weber, numere a segunda coluna de acordo com a primeira.

1     Ação social  (   ) Conduta plural, reciprocamente orientada, dotada de conteúdos significativos, ou seja, a probabilidade de que uma determinada forma de conduta social tenha, em algum momento, seu sentido partilhado pelos diversos agentes numa sociedade qualquer.

2     Relação social (   ) Conduta humana inspirada na sensação de domínio sobre todas as coisas e na ideia de que não existe um poder externo ao indivíduo, superior e misterioso, que possa interferir no curso de sua vida.

3     Dominação (   ) Conduta humana dotada de um significado subjetivo dado pelo indivíduo que a executa e que orienta esta conduta, levando em consideração a resposta ou reação de outros indivíduos, conhecidos ou não.

4   Racionalização (  ) Conduta humana baseada no consenso e na legitimidade, ou seja, quando os indivíduos obedecem às regras não apenas porque temem a punição, mas também porque estão convencidos da necessidade de obedecer, pois internalizaram a norma.

A sequência CORRETA, de cima para baixo, é:
Alternativas
Q2003341 Sociologia
Max Weber é considerado um dos autores mais influentes entre os grandes pensadores da Sociologia. Seus trabalhos possuem enorme abrangência de assuntos, envolvendo temas do pensamento político, do Direito, da História e da Economia.

Em relação ao pensamento sociológico de Weber, é CORRETO afirmar:
Alternativas
Q2003340 Sociologia
Segundo o sociólogo francês Émile Durkheim, o objeto de estudo da Sociologia são os fatos sociais, ou seja: “toda maneira de agir fixa ou não, suscetível de exercer sobre o indivíduo uma coerção exterior; ou ainda, que é geral na extensão de uma sociedade dada, apresentando uma existência própria, independente das manifestações individuais que possa ter” (DURKHEIM, Émile. As regras do método sociológico. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1974, p. 11).

Sobre o conceito de fatos sociais em Durkheim, NÃO é correto afirmar:
Alternativas
Q2003339 Sociologia
Ao estudar a vida social humana, a Sociologia se depara com uma questão fundamental: a relação entre os indivíduos e o contexto social no qual estão inseridos. A respeito das análises construídas pela sociologia clássica sobre esta relação entre a sociedade e os indivíduos, é CORRETO afirmar:
Alternativas
Q2003338 Sociologia
A ciência busca compreender a realidade através do pensamento racional e da observação sistemática dos fatos, considerando as relações entre eles e levando à possibilidade de controlar e de prever acontecimentos. Em oposição ao pensamento científico, existe o senso comum, que se baseia na crença de que a experiência de vida conduz à construção do conhecimento na medida em que as pessoas se deparam com os problemas do cotidiano.

Sendo a Sociologia uma ciência que estuda a sociedade, identifique as afirmativas com V ou F, conforme sejam verdadeiras ou falsas:

(    )  O senso comum é uma forma de pensamento mais imediato e superficial do que a Sociologia, baseado em emoções e, muitas vezes, de cunho preconceituoso.

(     ) O senso comum é um conjunto de saberes bastante elaborado e complexo como a Sociologia, pois resulta da experiência das pessoas ao enfrentarem os problemas do cotidiano.

(     )  A sociologia é uma ciência preocupada com questões que envolvem o homem e a sociedade e busca desenvolver um olhar específico que tenta romper com os entendimentos do senso comum.

(     )  O olhar sociológico procura evitar que os julgamentos de valor moral do senso comum influenciem na percepção e na análise dos fenômenos sociais.

(    ) O método sociológico busca compreender os fenômenos sociais com certo distanciamento e objetividade, utilizando as prenoções do senso comum para o entendimento das causas desses fenômenos.

A sequência CORRETA, de cima para baixo, é: 
Alternativas
Q2002252 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
The modal verb should in “we should use all these great ways” (paragraph 6) indicates that the author wants to
Alternativas
Q2002249 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
What is interesting about homes built in the U.S. after 2000?
Alternativas
Q2002248 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result.
What is the best word to complete this sentence? (paragraph 4)
Alternativas
Q2002247 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
The reason why energy conservation is great is that
Alternativas
Q2002246 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
The word them in “people often use them to mean the same thing” (paragraph 2) refers to
Alternativas
Q2002245 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
The word huge in “that would be huge savings” (paragraph 1) can be substituted by the word
Alternativas
Q2002244 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
The words such as in “such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances” (paragraph 1) is used to indicate
Alternativas
Q2002243 Inglês
READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

Saving Energy

Just a century ago, humans used very little energy because we had less of the things that consume it. There were no computers, phones, TV, cars, lights, washing machines and all that. After the industrial revolution, people started using a lot more manufactured items such as electronics, automobiles, and home appliances. These items use a lot of energy, but if we all cut its use by half, that would be huge savings, and make a great difference.

Saving energy can be achieved in different ways: 1. Energy conservation, 2. Energy Efficiency, and 3. Recycling. These first two are not the same, even though people often use them to mean the same thing.

1- Energy Conservation: This is the practice that results in less energy being used. For instance, turning the taps, computers, lights, and TV off when not in use. It also includes running in the park or outside instead of running on the treadmill in the gym. Energy conservation is great because we can all do this everywhere and anytime. It is a fundamental behavior we must acquire.

2- Energy Efficiency: This is the use of manufacturing techniques and technology _______ produce things that use less energy for the same result. For example, if a heater is designed to warm your home with less energy than regular heaters, that would be an energy efficient heater. If your washing machine uses less energy to do the same job as other washers, that is an energy efficient washer. An interesting fact is that homes built in the U.S. after 2000 are about 30% bigger, but they use less energy than older homes.

3- Recycling: This involves the use of waste or old materials to make new ones, like collecting all old newspapers from the town at the end of every day and turning the papers into fresh paper for printing again. We can collect all plastic bottles and send them to be used for new plastic bottles or used for children plastic toys. Recycling saves energy __________ less energy is used to recycle than to turn new raw materials into new products.
This means that to save energy, we should use all these great ways. If we all try to do this, together we can save some money and use less natural resources too.

(Adapted from: https://goo.gl/AyZdzW. Access: 01/30/2018)
About a century ago, people used less energy because of the
Alternativas
Respostas
5801: A
5802: C
5803: A
5804: E
5805: D
5806: B
5807: D
5808: B
5809: A
5810: E
5811: X
5812: D
5813: C
5814: B
5815: D
5816: A
5817: A
5818: A
5819: D
5820: C