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Q3313617 Biologia
De acordo com os princípios da interação de sistemas físicos com a luz e a matéria e as leis que governam as mudanças de energia e a estrutura dos sistemas, julgue o item a seguir.

A desigualdade na distribuição de auxina, que é gerada pela luz, resulta em uma diferença nas taxas de crescimento celular, de modo a direcionar o crescimento da planta à luz.
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Q3313616 Física
De acordo com os princípios da interação de sistemas físicos com a luz e a matéria e as leis que governam as mudanças de energia e a estrutura dos sistemas, julgue o item a seguir.

Na espectroscopia Raman, a luz em certo comprimento de onda é absorvida pelo material estudado e, em seguida, reemitida em um comprimento de luz mais longo, processo este que resulta em um deslocamento de energia que fornecerá, após um processo de análise, informações acerca dos modos vibracionais das moléculas do material.
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Q3313615 Física
De acordo com os princípios da interação de sistemas físicos com a luz e a matéria e as leis que governam as mudanças de energia e a estrutura dos sistemas, julgue o item a seguir.

A luz, ao incidir sobre um átomo, pode ser absorvida se a energia do fóton corresponder à diferença de energia entre dois níveis do elétron. 
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Q3313614 Engenharia Química e Química Industrial

Com relação a aplicações tecnológicas da fotônica, julgue o item a seguir.  


Na fotocatálise, uma aplicação da fotônica, utiliza-se a luz para capturar carbono e converter CO2 em substâncias úteis

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Q3313613 Engenharia Biomédica

Com relação a aplicações tecnológicas da fotônica, julgue o item a seguir.  


A geração de imagens médicas em alta resolução na tomografia por coerência óptica, para visualização de estruturas internas do corpo, é um exemplo de aplicação tecnológica da fotônica.  


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Q3313612 Telecomunicações

Com relação a aplicações tecnológicas da fotônica, julgue o item a seguir.  


Algumas aplicações de fotônica utilizam sinais modulados por amplitude (AM): a onda portadora é uma onda de alta frequência que, sem modulação, é uma onda senoidal de forma cos(ωct) e amplitude constante igual a A que será modulada de acordo com o sinal de informação m(t), o que resulta em um sinal modulado expresso por E(t) = A[1+m(t)]∙cos(ωct). 


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Q3313611 Física

Com relação a aplicações tecnológicas da fotônica, julgue o item a seguir.  


A lei de Beer-Lambert, que descreve a dispersão de luz em materiais, determina que a absorbância de uma substância é diretamente proporcional à sua concentração e à espessura do caminho, bem como proporcional ao coeficiente de absorção da substância em determinada faixa de comprimento de onda da luz. 

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Q3313607 Engenharia Agronômica (Agronomia)
Julgue o item seguinte, relativos a oportunidades e desafios a serem enfrentados em face das grandes transições globais, segundo o PDE 2024–2030.

Para a transição energética, novas matérias-primas poderão ser estudadas e introduzidas na cadeia produtiva do etanol, tais como o trigo, o triticale e outros cereais, a cana-do-reino, o bambu, o agave e outras espécies ricas em açúcares, amidos ou celulose.  
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Q3313591 Estatística
Considerando que a durabilidade (Y) de certo produto depende da temperatura (T) e da umidade (U) do local de armazenamento, um pesquisador obteve as estimativas de mínimos quadrados ordinários para os coeficientes de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla na forma


Y = β0 + β0T + β2U + ∈


no qual β0β0, e β2 representam os coeficientes do modelo e  denota o erro aleatório, que segue distribuição normal com média zero e desvio padrão σ. As tabelas a seguir mostram os resultados obtidos pelo pesquisador. 


Com base nas informações apresentadas, julgue o item a seguir. 


O desvio padrão amostral da variável Y  é igual a 10.  


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Q3313578 Inglês
 In the 20th century, we made tremendous advances in discovering fundamental principles in different scientific disciplines that created major breakthroughs in management and technology for agricultural systems, mostly by empirical means. However, as we enter the 21st century, agricultural research has more difficult and complex problems to solve.

   The environmental consciousness of the general public is requiring us to modify farm management to protect water, air, and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. At the same time, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems. Fortunately, the new electronic technologies can provide us a vast amount of real-time information about crop conditions and near-term weather via remote sensing by satellites or ground-based instruments and the Internet, that can be utilized to develop a whole new level of management. However, we need the means to capture and make sense of this vast amount of site-specific data.

   Our customers, the agricultural producers, are asking for a quicker transfer of research results in an integrated usable form for site-specific management. Such a request can only be met with system models, because system models are indeed the integration and quantification of current knowledge based on fundamental principles and laws. Models enhance understanding of data taken under certain conditions and help extrapolate their applications to other conditions and locations.


Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell. Whole System Integration and Modeling — Essential to Agricultural Science and Technology in the 21st Century. In: Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell (eds.) Agricultural system models in field research and technology transfer. Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2002 (adapted). 

Considering the text presented above, judge the following items. 



An acceptable translation into Portuguese of the first sentence of the text could be: No século XX, devido ao uso de meios empíricos, houve avanços tremendos no que diz respeito à descoberta de princípios fundamentais em diferentes áreas acadêmicas, o que levou a um progresso no manejo, na tecnologia e nos sistemas agrícolas.  

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Q3313576 Inglês
 In the 20th century, we made tremendous advances in discovering fundamental principles in different scientific disciplines that created major breakthroughs in management and technology for agricultural systems, mostly by empirical means. However, as we enter the 21st century, agricultural research has more difficult and complex problems to solve.

   The environmental consciousness of the general public is requiring us to modify farm management to protect water, air, and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. At the same time, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems. Fortunately, the new electronic technologies can provide us a vast amount of real-time information about crop conditions and near-term weather via remote sensing by satellites or ground-based instruments and the Internet, that can be utilized to develop a whole new level of management. However, we need the means to capture and make sense of this vast amount of site-specific data.

   Our customers, the agricultural producers, are asking for a quicker transfer of research results in an integrated usable form for site-specific management. Such a request can only be met with system models, because system models are indeed the integration and quantification of current knowledge based on fundamental principles and laws. Models enhance understanding of data taken under certain conditions and help extrapolate their applications to other conditions and locations.


Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell. Whole System Integration and Modeling — Essential to Agricultural Science and Technology in the 21st Century. In: Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell (eds.) Agricultural system models in field research and technology transfer. Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2002 (adapted). 

Considering the text presented above, judge the following items. 


From the last paragraph, it is correct to infer that, with the use of models, information gathered in a specific context can be of use and interest to farming communities somewhere else. 

Alternativas
Q3313574 Inglês
   Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.

   Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.


   Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.


Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food. Internet:<nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com (adapted)

Judge the following items about the text above. 


According to the text, alternative areas of crop science have emerged as a result of the need to increase food productivity.


Alternativas
Q3313573 Inglês
   Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.

   Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.


   Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.


Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food. Internet:<nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com (adapted)

Judge the following items about the text above. 


The presence of inverted commas (“) in “primitive” and “backward” indicate that the authors agree with the descriptions used by imperial authorities to define some specific peoples. 


Alternativas
Q3313572 Inglês
   Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.

   Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.


   Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.


Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food. Internet:<nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com (adapted)

Judge the following items about the text above. 


Even though the authors acknowledge the benefits brought to humanity by plant breeding and agronomy, they present a critical view about some aspects of this development, such as the effects of colonialism.  

Alternativas
Q3313571 Inglês
   Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.

   Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.


   Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.


Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food. Internet:<nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com (adapted)

Judge the following items about the text above. 



According to the text, the farming communities in the Global South are no longer under the assumptions typical of the “international development programs” created in the 20th century.

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Q3313456 Engenharia Agronômica (Agronomia)
No contexto da agricultura de precisão, diferentes tecnologias têm sido adotadas para otimizar a produção no campo. A respeito dessas tecnologias e suas aplicações, julgue o item a seguir. 

O sensoriamento remoto, ao captar imagens de satélite, fornece informações precisas e instantâneas acerca da fertilidade química do solo, tornando desnecessária a validação em campo. 
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Q3313450 Engenharia Agronômica (Agronomia)
Sabendo que agricultura de precisão tem revolucionado o setor, integrando tecnologias avançadas para otimizar a produção e reduzir impactos ambientais, julgue o item a seguir. 

O uso de sensores IoT (Internet das coisas) na agricultura permite o monitoramento em tempo real de parâmetros como umidade do solo, temperatura e incidência de pragas, contribuindo para uma gestão agrícola mais sustentável, haja vista que possibilita o uso racional de recursos hídricos e defensivos agrícolas.  
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Q3313445 Engenharia Mecatrônica

A respeito de segurança e manutenção de sistemas robóticos, julgue o item a seguir.  


Estando o robô em condições de operação, a manutenção corretiva inclui a realização de inspeções regulares, limpeza adequada, lubrificação, verificação de cabos e conexões e atualização de software

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Q3313440 Noções de Informática
Considerando que, na chamada Indústria 4.0, diversas tecnologias digitais são integradas nos ambientes e equipamentos de produção, julgue o item subsequente, a respeito de métodos e técnicas empregadas nessa nova abordagem.  

Deep learning é um tipo de aprendizado de máquina que se baseia no uso de redes neurais de uma única camada. 
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Respostas
1161: C
1162: E
1163: C
1164: C
1165: C
1166: C
1167: E
1168: C
1169: E
1170: E
1171: E
1172: C
1173: E
1174: E
1175: C
1176: E
1177: E
1178: C
1179: E
1180: E