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Q3813358 Física
Em um violão devidamente afinado, duas cordas C1 e C2, de mesmo comprimento L, submetidas às tensões T1 e T2 respectivamente, vibram no primeiro harmônico. Sendo a razão entre suas densidades lineares de massa µ12 = 2, é correto concluir que a relação entre as tensões T1/T2 para que as duas cordas vibrem na mesma frequência fundamental deve ser igual a
Alternativas
Q3813357 Física
Um entregador de mercadorias deve percorrer uma trajetória retilínea de comprimento L em um intervalo de tempo T. Para percorrer o primeiro quarto da trajetória (L/4), ele utiliza a metade do intervalo de tempo. O valor do módulo da velocidade vetorial média necessária para percorrer o restante do percurso de forma que ele consiga realizar a entrega no intervalo de tempo T é
Alternativas
Q3813356 Física
O estudo do movimento harmônico simples (MHS) é frequentemente facilitado pelo modelo de movimento circular uniforme (MCU), do qual o MHS é a projeção sobre o diâmetro tomado como eixo de referência. Em um experimento, um oscilador harmônico de amplitude A é observado em quatro instantes igualmente espaçados ao longo de um período T, correspondendo a quatro posições igualmente distribuídas no círculo que representa o MCU. O deslocamento medido sobre o diâmetro a partir da posição de equilíbrio é dado por x(t) = Acos (2πt/T). Nessas condições, o valor da soma dos deslocamentos x1 + x2 + x3 + x4, correspondentes aos instantes t = 0, T/4, T/2 e 3T/4, é 
Alternativas
Q3813355 Física
Considerando duas escalas termométricas lineares A e B, calibradas nas CNTP, com temperaturas de vaporização da água dadas respectivamente por TA e TB, determinou-se a variação entre os pontos de vaporização da água e fusão do gelo para as escalas A e B, obtendo-se os valores ∆A e ∆B respectivamente. Assim, é correto afirmar que a temperatura T que apresenta o mesmo valor numérico nas duas escalas é
Alternativas
Q3813354 Física
O fenômeno de interferência entre ondas sonoras é explorado em testes de acústica, calibração de alto-falantes e cancelamento ativo de ruído. Quando duas fontes emitem ondas de mesma frequência e fase, as regiões do espaço podem apresentar som intenso (interferência construtiva) ou quase silêncio (interferência destrutiva), conforme a diferença de caminho percorrido pelas ondas. Dois alto-falantes idênticos emitem sons de mesma frequência e em fase, sendo colocados frente a frente a 4,0 m de distância entre si. Um estudante caminha ao longo da linha que liga os dois alto-falantes e percebe alternância entre regiões de som intenso e regiões de quase silêncio. Sabendo que a frequência emitida é de 340 Hz e que a velocidade de propagação do som no ar é de 340 m/s, a distância entre dois pontos consecutivos de silêncio é
Alternativas
Q3813353 Física
Em equipamentos elétricos reais, há sempre perdas internas de natureza resistiva e, em certas situações, a condição de ajuste do equipamento para atingir a potência útil máxima é relevante, como em otimização de conversores ou no condicionamento de carga. Uma fonte ideal de tensão de 120 V alimenta um equipamento cujo modelo elétrico pode ser representado por uma resistência interna r=10 Ω (responsável pelas perdas) em série com uma resistência ajustável R, correspondente à carga útil do equipamento. Quando o equipamento é ajustado de modo que a potência dissipada na resistência R é máxima, a corrente elétrica I, que percorre o circuito, é
Alternativas
Q3813352 Física
O uso de transformadores em práticas didáticas permite a compreensão de conceitos físicos, como a indução eletromagnética e a transformação de tensão. Um destes transformadores, com enrolamento primário contendo 2400 espiras, é ligado a uma rede elétrica de 120 V (tensão nominal no primário). O secundário do transformador possui derivações, entre as quais as de 6 V e 12 V. Em um teste típico, uma mesma lâmpada é conectada sucessivamente às derivações, e as potências dissipadas são medidas, sendo P₆ = 5 W e P₁₂ = 20 W. Com base nesses dados, o número de espiras correspondente à derivação de 12 V é
Alternativas
Q3813351 Física
Alguns dispositivos não ôhmicos (filamentos incandescentes ou componentes semicondutores) apresentam relação não linear entre tensão e corrente, podendo, em certos intervalos de operação, admitir dois valores de corrente para a mesma tensão aplicada. Modelos quadráticos simples são úteis para descrever esse comportamento de forma empírica. Um dispositivo não ôhmico apresenta uma relação entre a diferença de potencial V(em volts) e a corrente I(em ampères) dada por V = −AI² + BI, com A > 0 e B > 0. Quando duas amostras idênticas desse dispositivo são ligadas em paralelo a uma diferença de potencial fixa V0, com 0 < V0B²/4A, as correntes que percorrem cada amostra correspondem às duas raízes reais e positivas I1I2 da equação quadrática acima. Suponha que, no regime de operação considerado, uma das correntes seja três vezes a outra, isto é, I2 = 3I1. Nessas condições, a tensão V0(expressa em termos de A e B ) vale
Alternativas
Q3813350 Física
Em um laboratório de Física, um estudante realiza um experimento com um espelho esférico côncavo de Gauss, de distância focal F, que se encontra imerso em meio homogêneo e transparente. Um objeto linear de altura H é colocado a uma distância 3F do vértice do espelho. Forma-se então uma imagem real de altura Y a uma distância X do vértice do espelho. Em seguida, o objeto é posicionado a distância X do vértice do mesmo espelho, onde dá origem a uma outra imagem de altura Z. Assim, é correto afirmar que a razão Z/Y entre as alturas das imagens é 
Alternativas
Q3813349 Física
Dispositivos de aceleração linear (linacs) aumentam a energia cinética de partículas carregadas, fazendo-as atravessar sucessivos “gaps” onde existe uma diferença de potencial elétrica. Em cada gap, uma partícula de carga q recebe um acréscimo em sua energia elétrica de qΔVk, onde ΔVk é a diferença de potencial entre as placas do k-ésimo gap. Sendo assim, considere uma partícula de massa m e carga q, inicialmente em repouso, que atravessa N gaps idênticos em um linac. Além disso, suponha que os gaps foram projetados de modo que as diferenças de potencial ΔVk tenham um ajuste geométrico, ou seja, ΔVk = ΔVr k−1 para k = 1, 2, …, N, com r > 0. Nessa última relação, ΔV representa um acréscimo constante no potencial. Ademais, medindo-se a velocidade da partícula imediatamente após o N-ésimo gap, obtém-se U. Com base nesses dados, a razão carga/massa q/m da partícula vale 

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Alternativas
Q3813348 Física
A combinação entre motores térmicos e refrigeradores representa uma aplicação prática importante em engenharia, como nos sistemas de cogeração, em que parte do trabalho produzido por um motor pode ser usada para acionar uma máquina frigorífica. Essa análise permite compreender melhor o papel do rendimento e do coeficiente de desempenho (COP), indicador de eficiência energética em sistemas de refrigeração, nos processos reversíveis e reais. Considere um sistema composto por duas máquinas operando em série e sem perda de acoplamento. O motor I funciona entre duas fontes de temperaturas T1 e T3 (T1 > T3), absorvendo da fonte quente uma quantidade de calor Q1 e fornecendo um trabalho W. Seu rendimento é igual a 60% do rendimento de um motor de Carnot operando entre as mesmas temperaturas. O trabalho W, por sua vez, é inteiramente utilizado para acionar uma máquina frigorífica de Carnot (Máquina II) que opera entre temperaturas T3 (fonte quente) e T4 (fonte fria), removendo uma quantidade de calor Q4 da fonte fria. Supondo que, para o sistema aqui descrito, T1 = 600 K, T3 = 400 K e T4 = 300 K, a razão Q4/Q1 é

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Alternativas
Q3813347 Física
O estudo das condições de equilíbrio de corpos rígidos, além de permitir compreender dispositivos de sustentação e apoio, ilustra como relações puramente geométricas podem determinar a intensidade das forças de reação. Um exemplo clássico é o de uma barra apoiada simetricamente na superfície interna de um hemisfério. Considere um hemisfério rígido de raio R, com o plano meridiano vertical que contém seu eixo de simetria. Uma barra homogênea e indeformável, de comprimento L e peso P, é colocada de modo que suas extremidades se apoiem simetricamente em dois pontos da superfície interna do hemisfério. Admita que as forças de contato sejam normais à superfície (sem atrito), e que a barra esteja em equilíbrio na horizontal. Sabendo que 0 < L < 2 R e que a intensidade de cada reação normal é N, o valor de (P/N)² é
Alternativas
Q3813346 Física
Satélites artificiais são utilizados em diversas aplicações, como comunicações (TV, Rádio, Internet, GPS) e monitoramento da Terra (Meteorologia, Mapeamento Ambiental). O movimento orbital desses satélites é mantido pela força gravitacional da Terra, que atua como resultante centrípeta do movimento. Desprezando a resistência do ar, considere um satélite que descreve uma órbita circular de período T em torno da Terra, de raio R e aceleração da gravidade de módulo g em sua superfície. Se o satélite está a uma a altitude h acima da superfície, de modo que o raio de sua órbita é R+h, o valor de T²g/4π², em termos de R e h, é
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Q3813345 Física
Um bloco cúbico homogêneo de aresta L e densidade d flutua parcialmente submerso em uma cuba preenchida com um líquido de densidade D. Na face superior do bloco, existe uma cavidade cúbica, aberta superiormente, de aresta igual a L/2, escavada centralmente, de modo que a cavidade não atinge o fundo nem as faces laterais do bloco. Ao despejar-se, lentamente, o líquido presente na cuba nessa cavidade, o bloco começa a submergir até ficar na iminência de afundar definitivamente. Nessas condições, o volume V de líquido que deve ser colocado na cavidade, admitindo-se que o bloco permanece na vertical durante o processo, é igual a
Alternativas
Q3813344 Física
A Física de Partículas investiga fenômenos que ocorrem em altas energias e em escalas extremamente pequenas, nas quais os efeitos relativísticos, associados à velocidade da luz c, medida em m/s, e os efeitos quânticos, relacionados à constante de Planck (dividida por 2π) h medida em J·s, tornam-se fundamentais. Nesse contexto, utiliza-se um sistema de unidades naturais, em que essas constantes universais são incorporadas às equações, simplificando-as e refletindo a estrutura essencial das leis físicas. Adotando-se c=h=1, todas as grandezas passam a ser expressas em potências de energia (ou, de forma equivalente, de massa). Sabendo que, no sistema internacional de unidades (SI), as dimensões fundamentais são comprimento (L), massa (M) e tempo (T), a constante de gravitação universal G de Newton possui, em unidades naturais, a sua dimensão dada por 
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Q3813283 Inglês

Laszlo Krasznahorkai Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature



    Laszlo Krasznahorkai, a Hungarian novelist known for his dystopian themes and relentless prose, with winding sentences that can run on for pages, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday. The Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference that Krasznahorkai had received the award “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”


   Krasznahorkai (pronounced CRAS-now-hoar-kay), 71, has been a perennial favorite for the Nobel. Hailed as a “master of the apocalypse” by Susan Sontag, Krasznahorkai has long been revered by fellow writers for his idiosyncratic style and bleak narratives that can often be slyly humorous.


   He’s also written half a dozen screenplays in collaboration with the Hungarian movie director Bela Tarr, who has adapted several of his novels for the screen. Tarr filmed “The Melancholy of Resistance,” which is among Krasznahorkai’s best-known works, as “Werckmeister Harmonies,” in 2000. The novel, filled with vast sentences, concerns events in a small Hungarian town after a circus arrives with a huge stuffed whale in tow.


   Krasznahorkai told The New York Times in 2014 that he had tried to develop an absolutely original style, adding, “I wanted to be free to stray far from my literary ancestors, and not make some new version of Kafka or Dostoyevsky or Faulkner.”


  Steve Sem-Sandberg, a member of the committee that awarded the prize, praised Krasznahorkai’s “powerful, musically inspired epic style” at the news conference announcing the Nobel. “It is Krasznahorkai’s artistic gaze, which is entirely free of illusion and which sees through the fragility of the social order, combined with his unwavering belief in the power of art that has motivated the academy to award the prize,” Sem-Sandberg added.


   A spokeswoman for Krasznahorkai’s German publisher said in an email on Thursday that the author was not conducting any interviews, although earlier in the day he briefly spoke to Swedish radio: “I’m very happy, thank you,” he said, adding, “I don’t know what’s coming in the future.”


   Krasznahorkai was born in Gyula, a small town about 120 miles from Budapest, in 1954. His family’s Jewish roots were kept a secret — his grandfather changed the family name from Korin to Krasznahorkai to assimilate — and Krasznahorkai didn’t know about his Jewish heritage until his father told him when he was 11.


   He was a musical prodigy, and worked as a professional musician for several years in his youth, playing piano in a jazz band and singing in a rock group. His father was a lawyer, and his mother worked in the social welfare ministry. Inspired by Kafka, an author he revered, he planned to study law and was fascinated by criminal psychology, but ended up studying Hungarian language and literature.


   After school, Krasznahorkai undertook military service but, he has said in interviews, deserted the army after being punished for insubordination. He then took on odd jobs — including working as a miner and as a night watchman for 300 cows, a post that allowed him to read work by Dostoyevsky and Malcolm Lowry’s “Under the Volcano,” a book he called his “bible.”


   When he began writing, his aim was to complete one book, then pursue a career in music. At the time he published his first short story, artists and writers were subject to censorship under Hungary’s Communist regime, and he was taken in for questioning by the police, who interrogated him about his anti-Communist views and took away his passport.


   Krasznahorkai was undeterred. In 1985, he published his subversive debut novel, “Satantango,” about life in a poor, crumbling hamlet, which was a literary sensation in Hungary. “Nobody, myself included, could understand how it was possible to publish ‘Satantango’ because it’s anything but an unproblematic novel for the Communist system,” he said in a 2018 Paris Review interview.


  “He doesn’t deal with grand politics, he’s dealing with the experiences of people who live within societies that are decaying and falling apart,” said the poet George Szirtes, who translated “Satantango” and several other works by Krasznahorkai. Tarr filmed an adaptation, which lasts for over seven hours, in 1994. In an interview on Thursday he recalled reading the book in one night and asking if he could turn it into a movie, only to find the author annoyed to be woken up during Easter holidays. The novel was filled with “these poor people, these miserable people,” Tarr said, but Krasznahorkai gave them a rare “dignity.”


   Szirtes said that Krasznahorkai never expected his books — filled with endless clauses and sub-clauses — to catch on with a wide international audience. “The books can look daunting in some ways, simply because there is no break in them,” Szirtes said. In recent decades, Krasznahorkai has received a stream of accolades outside his home country. In 2015, he won the Man Booker International Prize, which at the time was awarded for an author’s entire body of work rather than a specific novel.


   In the United States, New Directions has published a dozen of his books in translation, and more are forthcoming, including “Zsömle Is Gone,” a satire about an elderly retired electrician living in the countryside who believes he’s a descendant of Hungarian royalty. Barbara Epler, the publisher of New Directions, said one of the most striking things about Krasznahorkai’s work is his ability to weave unexpected humor into bleak stories. “What’s amazing is its anti-gravitational element — all this darkness and within it, an escalating, incredibly deadpan hilarity,” she said.


   The Nobel Prize is literature’s major honor, and typically the capstone to a writer’s career. Past recipients have included the authors Saul Bellow and Toni Morrison, the playwright Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Krasznahorkai had featured among bookmakers’ favorites to win the prize for many years. He is the second Hungarian to receive the literature Nobel after Imre Kertész, a novelist and Holocaust survivor, in 2002.


   While Krasznahorkai’s work has often been praised for its political overtones, he has rejected the idea that he’s writing political allegories. “I never want to write some political novels,” he told The New York Times in 2014. “My resistance against the Communist regime was not political. It was against a society.”


   Krasznahorkai isn’t comfortable being cast as a social or political prognosticator. He has said he’s never felt at ease discussing his work, and doesn’t see himself as “part of literary life.” “Writing, for me, is a totally private act,” he told The Paris Review. “I’m ashamed to speak about my literature — it’s the same as if you were to ask me about my most private secrets.”



Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/



In the sentences “Barbara Epler, the publisher of New Directions, said one of the most striking things about Krasznahorkai’s work is his ability to weave unexpected humor into bleak stories.” and “Tarr filmed ‘The Melancholy of Resistance,’ which is among Krasznahorkai’s best-known works…,” there are two adjectives (in italics), respectively, in their
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Q3813282 Inglês

Laszlo Krasznahorkai Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature



    Laszlo Krasznahorkai, a Hungarian novelist known for his dystopian themes and relentless prose, with winding sentences that can run on for pages, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday. The Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference that Krasznahorkai had received the award “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”


   Krasznahorkai (pronounced CRAS-now-hoar-kay), 71, has been a perennial favorite for the Nobel. Hailed as a “master of the apocalypse” by Susan Sontag, Krasznahorkai has long been revered by fellow writers for his idiosyncratic style and bleak narratives that can often be slyly humorous.


   He’s also written half a dozen screenplays in collaboration with the Hungarian movie director Bela Tarr, who has adapted several of his novels for the screen. Tarr filmed “The Melancholy of Resistance,” which is among Krasznahorkai’s best-known works, as “Werckmeister Harmonies,” in 2000. The novel, filled with vast sentences, concerns events in a small Hungarian town after a circus arrives with a huge stuffed whale in tow.


   Krasznahorkai told The New York Times in 2014 that he had tried to develop an absolutely original style, adding, “I wanted to be free to stray far from my literary ancestors, and not make some new version of Kafka or Dostoyevsky or Faulkner.”


  Steve Sem-Sandberg, a member of the committee that awarded the prize, praised Krasznahorkai’s “powerful, musically inspired epic style” at the news conference announcing the Nobel. “It is Krasznahorkai’s artistic gaze, which is entirely free of illusion and which sees through the fragility of the social order, combined with his unwavering belief in the power of art that has motivated the academy to award the prize,” Sem-Sandberg added.


   A spokeswoman for Krasznahorkai’s German publisher said in an email on Thursday that the author was not conducting any interviews, although earlier in the day he briefly spoke to Swedish radio: “I’m very happy, thank you,” he said, adding, “I don’t know what’s coming in the future.”


   Krasznahorkai was born in Gyula, a small town about 120 miles from Budapest, in 1954. His family’s Jewish roots were kept a secret — his grandfather changed the family name from Korin to Krasznahorkai to assimilate — and Krasznahorkai didn’t know about his Jewish heritage until his father told him when he was 11.


   He was a musical prodigy, and worked as a professional musician for several years in his youth, playing piano in a jazz band and singing in a rock group. His father was a lawyer, and his mother worked in the social welfare ministry. Inspired by Kafka, an author he revered, he planned to study law and was fascinated by criminal psychology, but ended up studying Hungarian language and literature.


   After school, Krasznahorkai undertook military service but, he has said in interviews, deserted the army after being punished for insubordination. He then took on odd jobs — including working as a miner and as a night watchman for 300 cows, a post that allowed him to read work by Dostoyevsky and Malcolm Lowry’s “Under the Volcano,” a book he called his “bible.”


   When he began writing, his aim was to complete one book, then pursue a career in music. At the time he published his first short story, artists and writers were subject to censorship under Hungary’s Communist regime, and he was taken in for questioning by the police, who interrogated him about his anti-Communist views and took away his passport.


   Krasznahorkai was undeterred. In 1985, he published his subversive debut novel, “Satantango,” about life in a poor, crumbling hamlet, which was a literary sensation in Hungary. “Nobody, myself included, could understand how it was possible to publish ‘Satantango’ because it’s anything but an unproblematic novel for the Communist system,” he said in a 2018 Paris Review interview.


  “He doesn’t deal with grand politics, he’s dealing with the experiences of people who live within societies that are decaying and falling apart,” said the poet George Szirtes, who translated “Satantango” and several other works by Krasznahorkai. Tarr filmed an adaptation, which lasts for over seven hours, in 1994. In an interview on Thursday he recalled reading the book in one night and asking if he could turn it into a movie, only to find the author annoyed to be woken up during Easter holidays. The novel was filled with “these poor people, these miserable people,” Tarr said, but Krasznahorkai gave them a rare “dignity.”


   Szirtes said that Krasznahorkai never expected his books — filled with endless clauses and sub-clauses — to catch on with a wide international audience. “The books can look daunting in some ways, simply because there is no break in them,” Szirtes said. In recent decades, Krasznahorkai has received a stream of accolades outside his home country. In 2015, he won the Man Booker International Prize, which at the time was awarded for an author’s entire body of work rather than a specific novel.


   In the United States, New Directions has published a dozen of his books in translation, and more are forthcoming, including “Zsömle Is Gone,” a satire about an elderly retired electrician living in the countryside who believes he’s a descendant of Hungarian royalty. Barbara Epler, the publisher of New Directions, said one of the most striking things about Krasznahorkai’s work is his ability to weave unexpected humor into bleak stories. “What’s amazing is its anti-gravitational element — all this darkness and within it, an escalating, incredibly deadpan hilarity,” she said.


   The Nobel Prize is literature’s major honor, and typically the capstone to a writer’s career. Past recipients have included the authors Saul Bellow and Toni Morrison, the playwright Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Krasznahorkai had featured among bookmakers’ favorites to win the prize for many years. He is the second Hungarian to receive the literature Nobel after Imre Kertész, a novelist and Holocaust survivor, in 2002.


   While Krasznahorkai’s work has often been praised for its political overtones, he has rejected the idea that he’s writing political allegories. “I never want to write some political novels,” he told The New York Times in 2014. “My resistance against the Communist regime was not political. It was against a society.”


   Krasznahorkai isn’t comfortable being cast as a social or political prognosticator. He has said he’s never felt at ease discussing his work, and doesn’t see himself as “part of literary life.” “Writing, for me, is a totally private act,” he told The Paris Review. “I’m ashamed to speak about my literature — it’s the same as if you were to ask me about my most private secrets.”



Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/



In the sentences “He’s also written half a dozen screenplays…”, “It is Krasznahorkai’s artistic gaze, which is entirely free of illusion…”, and “His family’s Jewish roots were kept a secret…”, the ’s stands for, respectively, 
Alternativas
Q3813281 Inglês

Laszlo Krasznahorkai Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature



    Laszlo Krasznahorkai, a Hungarian novelist known for his dystopian themes and relentless prose, with winding sentences that can run on for pages, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday. The Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference that Krasznahorkai had received the award “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”


   Krasznahorkai (pronounced CRAS-now-hoar-kay), 71, has been a perennial favorite for the Nobel. Hailed as a “master of the apocalypse” by Susan Sontag, Krasznahorkai has long been revered by fellow writers for his idiosyncratic style and bleak narratives that can often be slyly humorous.


   He’s also written half a dozen screenplays in collaboration with the Hungarian movie director Bela Tarr, who has adapted several of his novels for the screen. Tarr filmed “The Melancholy of Resistance,” which is among Krasznahorkai’s best-known works, as “Werckmeister Harmonies,” in 2000. The novel, filled with vast sentences, concerns events in a small Hungarian town after a circus arrives with a huge stuffed whale in tow.


   Krasznahorkai told The New York Times in 2014 that he had tried to develop an absolutely original style, adding, “I wanted to be free to stray far from my literary ancestors, and not make some new version of Kafka or Dostoyevsky or Faulkner.”


  Steve Sem-Sandberg, a member of the committee that awarded the prize, praised Krasznahorkai’s “powerful, musically inspired epic style” at the news conference announcing the Nobel. “It is Krasznahorkai’s artistic gaze, which is entirely free of illusion and which sees through the fragility of the social order, combined with his unwavering belief in the power of art that has motivated the academy to award the prize,” Sem-Sandberg added.


   A spokeswoman for Krasznahorkai’s German publisher said in an email on Thursday that the author was not conducting any interviews, although earlier in the day he briefly spoke to Swedish radio: “I’m very happy, thank you,” he said, adding, “I don’t know what’s coming in the future.”


   Krasznahorkai was born in Gyula, a small town about 120 miles from Budapest, in 1954. His family’s Jewish roots were kept a secret — his grandfather changed the family name from Korin to Krasznahorkai to assimilate — and Krasznahorkai didn’t know about his Jewish heritage until his father told him when he was 11.


   He was a musical prodigy, and worked as a professional musician for several years in his youth, playing piano in a jazz band and singing in a rock group. His father was a lawyer, and his mother worked in the social welfare ministry. Inspired by Kafka, an author he revered, he planned to study law and was fascinated by criminal psychology, but ended up studying Hungarian language and literature.


   After school, Krasznahorkai undertook military service but, he has said in interviews, deserted the army after being punished for insubordination. He then took on odd jobs — including working as a miner and as a night watchman for 300 cows, a post that allowed him to read work by Dostoyevsky and Malcolm Lowry’s “Under the Volcano,” a book he called his “bible.”


   When he began writing, his aim was to complete one book, then pursue a career in music. At the time he published his first short story, artists and writers were subject to censorship under Hungary’s Communist regime, and he was taken in for questioning by the police, who interrogated him about his anti-Communist views and took away his passport.


   Krasznahorkai was undeterred. In 1985, he published his subversive debut novel, “Satantango,” about life in a poor, crumbling hamlet, which was a literary sensation in Hungary. “Nobody, myself included, could understand how it was possible to publish ‘Satantango’ because it’s anything but an unproblematic novel for the Communist system,” he said in a 2018 Paris Review interview.


  “He doesn’t deal with grand politics, he’s dealing with the experiences of people who live within societies that are decaying and falling apart,” said the poet George Szirtes, who translated “Satantango” and several other works by Krasznahorkai. Tarr filmed an adaptation, which lasts for over seven hours, in 1994. In an interview on Thursday he recalled reading the book in one night and asking if he could turn it into a movie, only to find the author annoyed to be woken up during Easter holidays. The novel was filled with “these poor people, these miserable people,” Tarr said, but Krasznahorkai gave them a rare “dignity.”


   Szirtes said that Krasznahorkai never expected his books — filled with endless clauses and sub-clauses — to catch on with a wide international audience. “The books can look daunting in some ways, simply because there is no break in them,” Szirtes said. In recent decades, Krasznahorkai has received a stream of accolades outside his home country. In 2015, he won the Man Booker International Prize, which at the time was awarded for an author’s entire body of work rather than a specific novel.


   In the United States, New Directions has published a dozen of his books in translation, and more are forthcoming, including “Zsömle Is Gone,” a satire about an elderly retired electrician living in the countryside who believes he’s a descendant of Hungarian royalty. Barbara Epler, the publisher of New Directions, said one of the most striking things about Krasznahorkai’s work is his ability to weave unexpected humor into bleak stories. “What’s amazing is its anti-gravitational element — all this darkness and within it, an escalating, incredibly deadpan hilarity,” she said.


   The Nobel Prize is literature’s major honor, and typically the capstone to a writer’s career. Past recipients have included the authors Saul Bellow and Toni Morrison, the playwright Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Krasznahorkai had featured among bookmakers’ favorites to win the prize for many years. He is the second Hungarian to receive the literature Nobel after Imre Kertész, a novelist and Holocaust survivor, in 2002.


   While Krasznahorkai’s work has often been praised for its political overtones, he has rejected the idea that he’s writing political allegories. “I never want to write some political novels,” he told The New York Times in 2014. “My resistance against the Communist regime was not political. It was against a society.”


   Krasznahorkai isn’t comfortable being cast as a social or political prognosticator. He has said he’s never felt at ease discussing his work, and doesn’t see himself as “part of literary life.” “Writing, for me, is a totally private act,” he told The Paris Review. “I’m ashamed to speak about my literature — it’s the same as if you were to ask me about my most private secrets.”



Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/



In the sentence “While Krasznahorkai’s work has often been praised for its political overtones, he has rejected the idea that he’s writing political allegories.”, the verb tenses are, respectively,
Alternativas
Q3813280 Inglês

Laszlo Krasznahorkai Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature



    Laszlo Krasznahorkai, a Hungarian novelist known for his dystopian themes and relentless prose, with winding sentences that can run on for pages, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday. The Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference that Krasznahorkai had received the award “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”


   Krasznahorkai (pronounced CRAS-now-hoar-kay), 71, has been a perennial favorite for the Nobel. Hailed as a “master of the apocalypse” by Susan Sontag, Krasznahorkai has long been revered by fellow writers for his idiosyncratic style and bleak narratives that can often be slyly humorous.


   He’s also written half a dozen screenplays in collaboration with the Hungarian movie director Bela Tarr, who has adapted several of his novels for the screen. Tarr filmed “The Melancholy of Resistance,” which is among Krasznahorkai’s best-known works, as “Werckmeister Harmonies,” in 2000. The novel, filled with vast sentences, concerns events in a small Hungarian town after a circus arrives with a huge stuffed whale in tow.


   Krasznahorkai told The New York Times in 2014 that he had tried to develop an absolutely original style, adding, “I wanted to be free to stray far from my literary ancestors, and not make some new version of Kafka or Dostoyevsky or Faulkner.”


  Steve Sem-Sandberg, a member of the committee that awarded the prize, praised Krasznahorkai’s “powerful, musically inspired epic style” at the news conference announcing the Nobel. “It is Krasznahorkai’s artistic gaze, which is entirely free of illusion and which sees through the fragility of the social order, combined with his unwavering belief in the power of art that has motivated the academy to award the prize,” Sem-Sandberg added.


   A spokeswoman for Krasznahorkai’s German publisher said in an email on Thursday that the author was not conducting any interviews, although earlier in the day he briefly spoke to Swedish radio: “I’m very happy, thank you,” he said, adding, “I don’t know what’s coming in the future.”


   Krasznahorkai was born in Gyula, a small town about 120 miles from Budapest, in 1954. His family’s Jewish roots were kept a secret — his grandfather changed the family name from Korin to Krasznahorkai to assimilate — and Krasznahorkai didn’t know about his Jewish heritage until his father told him when he was 11.


   He was a musical prodigy, and worked as a professional musician for several years in his youth, playing piano in a jazz band and singing in a rock group. His father was a lawyer, and his mother worked in the social welfare ministry. Inspired by Kafka, an author he revered, he planned to study law and was fascinated by criminal psychology, but ended up studying Hungarian language and literature.


   After school, Krasznahorkai undertook military service but, he has said in interviews, deserted the army after being punished for insubordination. He then took on odd jobs — including working as a miner and as a night watchman for 300 cows, a post that allowed him to read work by Dostoyevsky and Malcolm Lowry’s “Under the Volcano,” a book he called his “bible.”


   When he began writing, his aim was to complete one book, then pursue a career in music. At the time he published his first short story, artists and writers were subject to censorship under Hungary’s Communist regime, and he was taken in for questioning by the police, who interrogated him about his anti-Communist views and took away his passport.


   Krasznahorkai was undeterred. In 1985, he published his subversive debut novel, “Satantango,” about life in a poor, crumbling hamlet, which was a literary sensation in Hungary. “Nobody, myself included, could understand how it was possible to publish ‘Satantango’ because it’s anything but an unproblematic novel for the Communist system,” he said in a 2018 Paris Review interview.


  “He doesn’t deal with grand politics, he’s dealing with the experiences of people who live within societies that are decaying and falling apart,” said the poet George Szirtes, who translated “Satantango” and several other works by Krasznahorkai. Tarr filmed an adaptation, which lasts for over seven hours, in 1994. In an interview on Thursday he recalled reading the book in one night and asking if he could turn it into a movie, only to find the author annoyed to be woken up during Easter holidays. The novel was filled with “these poor people, these miserable people,” Tarr said, but Krasznahorkai gave them a rare “dignity.”


   Szirtes said that Krasznahorkai never expected his books — filled with endless clauses and sub-clauses — to catch on with a wide international audience. “The books can look daunting in some ways, simply because there is no break in them,” Szirtes said. In recent decades, Krasznahorkai has received a stream of accolades outside his home country. In 2015, he won the Man Booker International Prize, which at the time was awarded for an author’s entire body of work rather than a specific novel.


   In the United States, New Directions has published a dozen of his books in translation, and more are forthcoming, including “Zsömle Is Gone,” a satire about an elderly retired electrician living in the countryside who believes he’s a descendant of Hungarian royalty. Barbara Epler, the publisher of New Directions, said one of the most striking things about Krasznahorkai’s work is his ability to weave unexpected humor into bleak stories. “What’s amazing is its anti-gravitational element — all this darkness and within it, an escalating, incredibly deadpan hilarity,” she said.


   The Nobel Prize is literature’s major honor, and typically the capstone to a writer’s career. Past recipients have included the authors Saul Bellow and Toni Morrison, the playwright Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Krasznahorkai had featured among bookmakers’ favorites to win the prize for many years. He is the second Hungarian to receive the literature Nobel after Imre Kertész, a novelist and Holocaust survivor, in 2002.


   While Krasznahorkai’s work has often been praised for its political overtones, he has rejected the idea that he’s writing political allegories. “I never want to write some political novels,” he told The New York Times in 2014. “My resistance against the Communist regime was not political. It was against a society.”


   Krasznahorkai isn’t comfortable being cast as a social or political prognosticator. He has said he’s never felt at ease discussing his work, and doesn’t see himself as “part of literary life.” “Writing, for me, is a totally private act,” he told The Paris Review. “I’m ashamed to speak about my literature — it’s the same as if you were to ask me about my most private secrets.”



Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/



The sentence “Krasznahorkai told The New York Times in 2014 that he had tried to develop an absolutely original style, adding, ‘I wanted to be free to stray far from my literary ancestors, and not make some new version of Kafka or Dostoyevsky or Faulkner.’” presents in its sequence, respectively,
Alternativas
Q3813279 Inglês

Laszlo Krasznahorkai Is Awarded Nobel Prize in Literature



    Laszlo Krasznahorkai, a Hungarian novelist known for his dystopian themes and relentless prose, with winding sentences that can run on for pages, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature on Thursday. The Swedish Academy, which organizes the prize, said at a news conference that Krasznahorkai had received the award “for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art.”


   Krasznahorkai (pronounced CRAS-now-hoar-kay), 71, has been a perennial favorite for the Nobel. Hailed as a “master of the apocalypse” by Susan Sontag, Krasznahorkai has long been revered by fellow writers for his idiosyncratic style and bleak narratives that can often be slyly humorous.


   He’s also written half a dozen screenplays in collaboration with the Hungarian movie director Bela Tarr, who has adapted several of his novels for the screen. Tarr filmed “The Melancholy of Resistance,” which is among Krasznahorkai’s best-known works, as “Werckmeister Harmonies,” in 2000. The novel, filled with vast sentences, concerns events in a small Hungarian town after a circus arrives with a huge stuffed whale in tow.


   Krasznahorkai told The New York Times in 2014 that he had tried to develop an absolutely original style, adding, “I wanted to be free to stray far from my literary ancestors, and not make some new version of Kafka or Dostoyevsky or Faulkner.”


  Steve Sem-Sandberg, a member of the committee that awarded the prize, praised Krasznahorkai’s “powerful, musically inspired epic style” at the news conference announcing the Nobel. “It is Krasznahorkai’s artistic gaze, which is entirely free of illusion and which sees through the fragility of the social order, combined with his unwavering belief in the power of art that has motivated the academy to award the prize,” Sem-Sandberg added.


   A spokeswoman for Krasznahorkai’s German publisher said in an email on Thursday that the author was not conducting any interviews, although earlier in the day he briefly spoke to Swedish radio: “I’m very happy, thank you,” he said, adding, “I don’t know what’s coming in the future.”


   Krasznahorkai was born in Gyula, a small town about 120 miles from Budapest, in 1954. His family’s Jewish roots were kept a secret — his grandfather changed the family name from Korin to Krasznahorkai to assimilate — and Krasznahorkai didn’t know about his Jewish heritage until his father told him when he was 11.


   He was a musical prodigy, and worked as a professional musician for several years in his youth, playing piano in a jazz band and singing in a rock group. His father was a lawyer, and his mother worked in the social welfare ministry. Inspired by Kafka, an author he revered, he planned to study law and was fascinated by criminal psychology, but ended up studying Hungarian language and literature.


   After school, Krasznahorkai undertook military service but, he has said in interviews, deserted the army after being punished for insubordination. He then took on odd jobs — including working as a miner and as a night watchman for 300 cows, a post that allowed him to read work by Dostoyevsky and Malcolm Lowry’s “Under the Volcano,” a book he called his “bible.”


   When he began writing, his aim was to complete one book, then pursue a career in music. At the time he published his first short story, artists and writers were subject to censorship under Hungary’s Communist regime, and he was taken in for questioning by the police, who interrogated him about his anti-Communist views and took away his passport.


   Krasznahorkai was undeterred. In 1985, he published his subversive debut novel, “Satantango,” about life in a poor, crumbling hamlet, which was a literary sensation in Hungary. “Nobody, myself included, could understand how it was possible to publish ‘Satantango’ because it’s anything but an unproblematic novel for the Communist system,” he said in a 2018 Paris Review interview.


  “He doesn’t deal with grand politics, he’s dealing with the experiences of people who live within societies that are decaying and falling apart,” said the poet George Szirtes, who translated “Satantango” and several other works by Krasznahorkai. Tarr filmed an adaptation, which lasts for over seven hours, in 1994. In an interview on Thursday he recalled reading the book in one night and asking if he could turn it into a movie, only to find the author annoyed to be woken up during Easter holidays. The novel was filled with “these poor people, these miserable people,” Tarr said, but Krasznahorkai gave them a rare “dignity.”


   Szirtes said that Krasznahorkai never expected his books — filled with endless clauses and sub-clauses — to catch on with a wide international audience. “The books can look daunting in some ways, simply because there is no break in them,” Szirtes said. In recent decades, Krasznahorkai has received a stream of accolades outside his home country. In 2015, he won the Man Booker International Prize, which at the time was awarded for an author’s entire body of work rather than a specific novel.


   In the United States, New Directions has published a dozen of his books in translation, and more are forthcoming, including “Zsömle Is Gone,” a satire about an elderly retired electrician living in the countryside who believes he’s a descendant of Hungarian royalty. Barbara Epler, the publisher of New Directions, said one of the most striking things about Krasznahorkai’s work is his ability to weave unexpected humor into bleak stories. “What’s amazing is its anti-gravitational element — all this darkness and within it, an escalating, incredibly deadpan hilarity,” she said.


   The Nobel Prize is literature’s major honor, and typically the capstone to a writer’s career. Past recipients have included the authors Saul Bellow and Toni Morrison, the playwright Harold Pinter and, in 2016, Bob Dylan. Krasznahorkai had featured among bookmakers’ favorites to win the prize for many years. He is the second Hungarian to receive the literature Nobel after Imre Kertész, a novelist and Holocaust survivor, in 2002.


   While Krasznahorkai’s work has often been praised for its political overtones, he has rejected the idea that he’s writing political allegories. “I never want to write some political novels,” he told The New York Times in 2014. “My resistance against the Communist regime was not political. It was against a society.”


   Krasznahorkai isn’t comfortable being cast as a social or political prognosticator. He has said he’s never felt at ease discussing his work, and doesn’t see himself as “part of literary life.” “Writing, for me, is a totally private act,” he told The Paris Review. “I’m ashamed to speak about my literature — it’s the same as if you were to ask me about my most private secrets.”



Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/



In terms of voice of the verb, the sentences “…he was taken in for questioning by the police.” and “He doesn’t deal with grand politics” are, respectively, in the 
Alternativas
Respostas
581: C
582: B
583: B
584: A
585: B
586: A
587: C
588: C
589: D
590: B
591: D
592: A
593: D
594: C
595: A
596: B
597: B
598: A
599: C
600: D