For many expatriates, finding new friends can ease the often overwhelming task of adjusting to a new life abroad. But with huge variances in local culture and language capabilities, some places can definitely feel more welcoming than others. […]

Disponível em: <http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20172015-living-in-the-worlds-nost-welcoming-countries>. Acesso em: 16 fev. 2017.

No fragmento, os termos em destaque têm, respectivamente, as funções de

When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,

When the road you're trudging seems all uphill,

When the funds are low and the debts are high,

And you want to smile, but you have to sigh,

When care is pressing you down a bit-

Rest if you must, but don't you quit.

Life is queer with its twists and turns,

As every one of us sometimes learns,

And many a fellow turns about

When he might have won had he stuck it out.

Don't give up though the pace seems slow -

You may succeed with another blow.

[…]

Success is failure turned inside out –

The silver tint in the clouds of doubt,

And you never can tell how close you are,

It might be near when it seems afar;

So stick to the fight when you're hardest hit -

It's when things seem worst that you must not quit.

Disponível em: <http://psalm40.org/dontquit.html>. Acesso em: 19 fev. 2017.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente orações subordinadas adverbiais temporais (Time Clauses) e/ou orações condicionais (Conditionals).

Teaching approaches: what is audiolingualism?

There seems to be a widely held perception amongst language teachers that methods and approaches have finite historical boundaries – that the Grammar-Translation approach is dead, for example. Similarly, audiolingualism was in vogue in the 1960s but died out in the 70s after Chomsky’s famous attack on behaviorism in language learning.

In this context, it is worth considering for a moment what goes on in the typical language learning classroom. Do you ever ask your students to repeat phrases or whole sentences, for example? Do you drill the pronunciation and intonation of utterances? […] If the answer to any of these questions is yes, then, consciously or unconsciously, you are using techniques that are features of the audiolingual approach. This approach has its roots in the USA during World War II […].

The audiolingual approach was also based on the behaviorist theory of learning, which held that language […] is a form of behavior. In the behaviorist view, language is elicited by a stimulus and that stimulus then triggers a response. The response in turn then produces some kind of reinforcement, which, if positive, encourages the repetition of the response in the future or, if negative, its suppression. When transposed to the classroom, this gives us the classic pattern drill- Model […]. In its purest form audiolingualism aims to promote mechanical habit-formation through repetition […].

While some of this might seem amusingly rigid in these enlightened times, it is worth reflecting on actual classroom practice and noticing when activities occur that can be said to have their basis in the audiolingual approach. Most teachers will at some point require learners to repeat examples of grammatical structures […]. Although the audiolingual approach in its purest form has many weaknesses, to dismiss the audiolingual approach as an outmoded method of the 1960s is to ignore the reality of current classroom practice […].

Disponível em: <http://www.onestopenglish.com/methodology/methodology/teachingapproaches/teaching-approaches-what-is-audiolingualism/146488.article>. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

Na leitura do texto, considera-se que

What do you mean? Oh, oh

When you nod your head yes

But you wanna say no

What do you mean? Hey-ey

When you don't want me to move

But you tell me to go

What do you mean?

Oh, what do you mean?

Said you're running out of time, what do you mean?

Oh, oh, oh, what do you mean?

Better make up your mind

What do you mean?

You’re so indecisive of what I’m saying

Tryna catch the beat, make up your heart

Don't know if you're happy or complaining

Don't want for us to end, where do I start?

First you wanna go to the left then you wanna turn right

[…]

Disponível em:

<https://www.google.com.br/search?q=justin+bieber&biw=1366&bih=662&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&

sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwi3ndKZuZrSAhXFeCYKHbYYBJ8Q_AUICSgE#tbm=isch&q=albuns+do+justin>.

Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

Os trechos destacados são traduzidos, respectivamente, por:

My Bully Dressed Up as Me for Halloween

Halloween my freshman year in high school was the scariest day of my life. But it wasn't scary because of a ghost or a monster – it was scary because in one moment, my life turned upside down.

Just a year before, I moved from New York to California. While in New York, I had been relentlessly bullied. And when I moved to California and started a new life, it seemed like a giant Band-Aid had "fixed" the problem. I had new friends, I started acting in plays and writing stories, and the bullying had stopped.

[…]

I got a text message from a classmate I had known in New York. The text included a photo of a girl I didn't know wearing a big sign around her neck. The sign had my name on it: Aija Mayrock. I was so confused. Who was this person? I went on Facebook and saw dozens of people posting the same picture. A girl whom I'd never met dressed up as "me" for Halloween.

[…]

Disponível em: <http://www.seventeen.com/life/real-girl-stories/a32006/my-bully-dressed-up-as-me-for-halloween/>.

Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

De acordo com o texto,

You must feed the cat.

I fed the cat some fish.

The cat is my favorite animal.

The Egyptians considered the cat a sacred animal.

The cat wasn’t fed yesterday.

Disponível em: <http://folk.uio.no/hhasselg/grammar/Week2_syntactic.html>. Acesso em: 18 fev. 2017 (adaptado).

As funções sintáticas dos termos destacados são, respectivamente:

Disponível em: <http://reallifeglobal.com/learning-english-comics-calvin-and-hobbes/>. Acesso em: 19 fev. 2017.

Na tirinha, a expressão “put up with” significa

Amazon rainforest’s final frontier under threat from oil and soya

Celso Carlos has made a modest living for 10 years growing manioc and coconuts and rearing poultry on a few hectares of lowland in Brazil’s northern Amazon.

But three years ago, out of the blue, Carlos was told by an Amapá state judge that he had to move because his land had been bought by a businessman living more than 1,500 miles away in São Paulo. Within months, fences had been put up, and Carlos and other assentados, or settlers, had been forced off their land.

Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/feb/16amazon-rainforest-final-frontier-in-brazil-under-threat-from-oil-and-soya>. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2017.

No fragmento da notícia, a expressão em destaque quer dizer

Columbia University Accidentally Sends Acceptance Letters to 277 Students

There's nothing worse than waiting months to hear back from your dream school only to get rejected. But imagine receiving an acceptance email and telling all your friends, family and followers the amazing news, only to find out that you didn't actually get accepted.

That's what happened to over 200 grad students who applied to the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. According to the New York Times, 277 students mistakingly received acceptance emails and it wasn't until over an hour later that the school sent out a second email informing them of the mixup, and that they, in fact, had not been accepted.

In the follow-up email from the vice dean for education, the university apologized for the mistake, blaming "human error".

Disponível em: <http://www.seventeen.com/life/school/news/a45197/columbia-university-accidentally-accepts-277-grad-students/>. Acesso em: 18 fev. 2017 (adaptado).

Os tempos verbais destacados correspondem, respectivamente, a:

Choose lhe correct alternative for the translation of the underlined words, according to the text.

Ask any ltalian, and they've likely never heard of ancient Norba, once a flourishing Latin city located around 50 km south of Rome. Perched on the edge of a cliff in the Lepini Mountains in western ltaly's Lazio region, 'Norba, now in ruins, is one of the country's best preserved examples of city planning from several thousands of years ago. lts location was almost impenetable: surrounded by a waIl constructed of colossal limestone boulders, there was only one-way in and out.

Font: http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20170303-the-italian-city-that-stood-up-to-rome

Choose the correct alternative.

Jimi Hendrix introduced himself _______ the world in December 1966, when he turned "Hey Joe", a Los Angeles garage rock standard ______ had been a hit for the Leaves, into a murder ballad with some wild guitar pyrotechnics. _______ quickly followed it up with the self-composed "Purple Haze", a psychedelic stomper showcasing the devil's chords (the flatted fifths of the intro were known ________ medieval times as the diabolus de musica and strictly interdict). As monumental and monolithic as "Purple Haze" ________, 51st Anniversary on the B-side is more nuanced and sassier. The song continues a theme already explored - albeit somewhat gracelessly - in Stone Free, about Hendrix's fear __________ commitment.

Font: https://www.theguardian.com/musi/musicblog/2017/mar/15/jimi-hendrix-10-of-the-best

Complete the statement with the right option: “Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns. English has two articles, the (definite article) and a/an (indefinite article), for example.”

How can you explain the modal “should” in the following sentence: “You should leave the house only if it was absolutely necessary.”

Mark a conditional sentence with a future element.

Read the following article:

The Americans who 'adopt' other people's embryos

When Jennifer and Aaron Wilson found they could not get pregnant, they knew exactly what they wanted to do.

The couple from North Carolina had the choice of starting in vitro fertilisation (IVF), in which mature eggs are fertilised with sperm in a laboratory. Or they could have tried to adopt a child already in need of a home.

Instead they applied to a specialist Christian fertility clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee - the National Embryo Donation Center (NEDC) - which promised to help them "adopt" an embryo.

Doctors often create extra embryos when a couple undergoes IVF, in case multiple rounds of treatment are needed. But this can leave many left over. More than 600,000 are currently being held in frozen storage in the US, most of them waiting to be used by the couple that created them the next time they want to try to have a child. But not all of these embryos are needed, and it is estimated that one in 10 are available for embryo donation.

For many couples who have had IVF treatment, what happens to those no-longer-needed frozen embryos is a question that requires careful consideration - should the embryos be kept indefinitely in cryo-preservation or discarded? If the couple believes human life starts at conception, this can be an urgent moral dilemma.

A similar dilemma confronts pro-life couples seeking fertility treatment. Should they opt for IVF, and add to the ranks of frozen embryos preserved in liquid nitrogen? Or should they instead "adopt" a frozen embryo from a donor?

Some families have different arrangements, then: After undergoing IVF, Andy and Shannon Weber from Alabama had two children, now aged eight and five, and wanted to donate their leftover embryos.

"Our belief is that life begins at conception and the little embryos, they are human life, not just a couple of cells put together. We definitely couldn't destroy them or let them sit there in cryo-preservation forever," says Andy.

But he and his wife were also keen that they should go to a "good, solid Christian" family.

"We wanted a married couple - a man and a woman. We didn't really want a single parent or any sort of alternative lifestyle," says Andy.

"By no means did we care about race or ethnicity. We just wanted the embryos to go to a good home."

Unlike in the UK where equality laws mean clinics have to treat all patients equally, centres in the US can help donors select parents for their embryos based on criteria such as race, sexuality and religion.

Adapted from: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36450328

Reading the news report we can say that:

(i) Couples who struggle to conceive a child are sometimes given the option of using a donated embryo.

(ii) In the UK this is commonly referred to as "embryo adoption", particularly at Christian clinics, where it is regarded as losing a life –

(iii) and where the future parents may have to be married and heterosexual to be eligible for treatment.

I have ___ fascinated with the brain ever since, and I have always hoped I would ___ a way to ___ the hidden treasure of a fully-activated mind.

“Tippett admits that he hasn't actually ___ that yet. In fact, the machine __ been operational for only about 10 hours.”

Correct the mistake in the following sentence: “Everyone know that after a week of too little vegetables and too many beer.”

The passive voice is often used in formal texts. Switching to the active voice will make your writing clearer and easier to read.

(i) A great deal of meaning is conveyed by a few well-chosen words.

(ii) A mass of gases wrap around our planet.

(iii) Waste materials are disposed of in a variety of ways.

A respeito do texto acima, considere as seguintes afirmativas:

1. Asem Hasna teve sua perna amputada antes de completar 23 anos.

2. Hasna, refugiado sírio, tem ajudado seus compatriotas feridos em conflitos confeccionando próteses em 3D.

3. Os primeiros objetos em 3D confeccionados por Hasna foram um marcador de livros e um ímã de geladeira.

4. A mulher que perdeu sua mão direita na guerra da Síria ajuda seu compatriota Hasna, confeccionando membros em 3D.

5. A organização – ROW –, situada em Amman, ensina refugiados a confeccionar membros em 3D a um preço acessível.

Assinale a alternativa correta.