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Ano: 2019 Banca: ESPM Órgão: ESPM Prova: ESPM - 2019 - ESPM - Vestibular 2020/1 - RS |
Q1788908 Inglês

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In the comic strip above, Calvin becomes upset because:

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Ano: 2019 Banca: ESPM Órgão: ESPM Prova: ESPM - 2019 - ESPM - Vestibular 2020/1 - RS |
Q1788907 Inglês
The following advertisements are examples of which deceptive practices, respectively?
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Q1788905 Inglês

4 Types of Deceptive Advertising

By Apryl Duncan


    Deceptive advertising is officially defined by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) as “practices that have been found misleading or deceptive. Specific cases include false oral or written representations, misleading price claims, sales of hazardous or systematically defective products or services without adequate disclosures, failure to disclose information regarding pyramid sales, use of bait and switch techniques, failure to perform promised services, and failure to meet warranty obligations.



  However, it’s important to note that deceptive advertising does not represent the entire industry, and makes up a very small percentage of the ads you will encounter every day. But there are always people out there looking to dupe consumers and make money in any way that they can. Here are some examples of deceptive and unethical advertising practices and scams that you need to look out for.

Hidden Fees

   In this example, the advertising is not fully disclosing the true cost of the item. You may see an ad for a computer or tablet that says “Only $99!” and you can’t wait to go into the store and buy it or order it online. However, suddenly you are hit with a whole bunch of charges that you were not expecting. In some cases, shipping fees will be extortionate, often costing more than the product itself. Or, you may have to pay handling fees that are excessive.
    Often, hidden fees can be spotted by the asterisk (*) that accompanies the incredible deal. Guaranteed, there will be a big difference between “Only $99!” and “Only $99!*” That asterisk basically says “hey, this is not the final price, you will have to jump through major hoops or fork over a lot more cash.” So, if you see an asterisk, read the small print carefully. Whether it’s a small item, a car, or even a home, hidden fees are a deceptive way of luring you in. By the time you realize there’s more to pay, it can be too late.

Bait and Switch

  In short, bait and switch is when the advertisement entices you with a product, but makes a significant switch when you go to purchase it.
    For instance, suddenly the laptop you wanted is not in stock, but there is a different one that is lower spec and costs twice as much. Chances are that the original laptop was never in stock, or at least, not for the price advertised.
   Another example would be advertising a car at the base price, but with all of the top-of-the-line features included in the ad. When you get to the dealership, you have to pay much more to get the car actually shown in the ad. Sometimes, an offer can feel like bait and switch but it’s not. If you want that laptop and it is sold out, but you are offered a similar laptop with a very similar spec, at an almost identical price, that’s perfectly fine. You just missed out on the original deal.

Misleading Claims

   Misleading claims use tricky language to make the consumer believe they are getting one thing when they are in fact getting less (or paying more). A British TV show called The Real Hustle had a great example of this in action. The presenters, who know the ins and outs of so many con games, set up stalls to sell seemingly awesome products at cheap prices.
    At no time do the hustlers break the law by making claims that are untrue, but the verbiage leads people to believe they are buying something way better than they’re actually getting. One of the cruelest was advertising a DIY model plane for a price that seemed like a steal. Things like “easy to assemble” and “it really flies” were on the box. But inside... it was just a blank sheet of paper, with a set of instructions on how to make a paper plane. Did they break the law? No. Did they deceive? Yes.

Ambiguous or “Best Case Scenario” Photography

    Another way of cheating people is to take photographs of the product being sold, but in a way that makes them seem way better than they are. Shady hotels have often used this technique to make the rooms look bigger, by setting up the camera in the corner of the room and using a fisheye lens.
    Food photography can suffer from the “best case scenario” photography. If you have ever ordered a burger from a fast food place, you will know this well. The burger on the menu is perfect. It’s thick, juicy, 4 inches high, and looks incredible. But the burger you receive, while it may have the same ingredients, is a sad interpretation of that image. The bun is flat, the burger is a mess, ketchup and mustard are pouring out of the sides.
    This is something we accept as consumers because we know the burger in the photograph was assembled by expert designers and food artists, over the course of many hours, whereas the poor kitchen hand has to throw your burger together in a few seconds to meet your time demands. But, don’t take that to mean you can never complain about this kind of photography. If you buy something that is clearly of poorer quality than the item shown in the picture, you can demand a refund. (Adapted from www.thebalancecareers.com, February 02, 2019)
Among the examples of deceptive advertising described in the text there are:
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Q1787978 Inglês
A BNCC para Língua Inglesa – Anos Finais propõe eixos organizadores do componente Língua Inglesa. NÃO representa um desses eixos:
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Q1787977 Inglês
“After the acquisition of their vernacular variety has started, people often also go on to acquire various non-vernacular specialist varieties of language used for special purposes and activities. For example, they may acquire a way of talking (and writing) about fundamentalist Christian theology, video games, or bird-watching. Specialist varieties of language are different—sometimes in small ways, sometimes in large ways—from people’s vernacular varieties of language. One category of specialist varieties of language is what we can call academic varieties of language: that is, the varieties of language connected to learning and using information from academic or school-based content areas (Gee 2002; Schleppegrell 2004; Schleppegrell and Cecilia Colombi 2002). The varieties of language used in (different branches) of biology, physics, law, or literary criticism fall into this category.” (GEE, James Paul. Situated Language and Learning: a critique of traditional schooling. London, Routdlege, 2004.)
Segundo o texto, é correto afirmar que:
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Q1787976 Inglês
“Do poor children have less ‘language ability’ than rich ones? The way the term is being used above certainly makes it sound as if they do. But no, they don’t. Linguists have known for years that all children—including poor children—have impressive language ability. The vast majority of children enter school with vocabularies fully fit for everyday life, with complex grammar and with deep understandings of experiences and stories. It has been decades since anyone believed that poor and minority children entered school with ‘no language’ (Labov, 1972; Gee, 1996). Every human being, barring those with very serious disorders, acquires a complex native language early in life, a language fully fit for the task of leading daily life in a human culture.” (GEE, James Paul. Situated Language and Learning: a critique of traditional schooling. London, Routdlege, 2004.)
Assinale a afirmativa coerente com o texto.
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Q1787975 Inglês
“The ‘fourth-grade slump’ (Chall et al. 1990) is the phenomenon where some children seem to acquire reading (i.e. pass reading tests) fine in the early grades, but fail to be able to use reading to learn school content in the later grades, when the language demands of that content (e.g. science) get more and more complex. The fourth-grade slump is made up of kids who can ‘read,’ in the sense of decode and assign superficial literal meanings to texts, but can’t ‘read’ in the sense of understanding, in any deep way, informational texts written in fairly complex language. From remarks like the one quoted above, it would certainly seem that the problems poor and minority children have with learning to read must lie, for the most part, some place else than a lack of early phonemic awareness training or other early ‘basic skills’ training. The fourth-grade slump tells us this much (because here we see kids who have mastered early reading skills of the sorts traditionalists stress, but still can’t read to learn in the later grades).” (GEE, James Paul. Situated Language and Learning: a critique of traditional schooling. London, Routdlege, 2004.)
Quando o aprendiz apenas decodifica um texto, podemos afirmar que:
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Q1787974 Inglês
As práticas de leitura de textos em Língua Inglesa (verbais, verbo-visuais, multimodais) envolvem articulação com os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos em língua materna e em outras línguas. Assinale, a seguir, um objeto de conhecimento específico do eixo Leitura.
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Q1785878 Inglês
Common Side Effects of Chemo and Radiation on kids 

    Chemo and radiation cause similar side effects. Chemo's side effects depend on the type of drug used, the dosage, and a child's overall health. These effects are more likely to affect the whole body. Radiation's side effects, on the other hand, tend to affect the area being treated. But they do still depend on the dose of radiation given, the location on the body, and whether the radiation was internal or external. Some of them are: fatigue, flu-like symptoms, pain, gastrointestinal problems, skin and weight changes, hair loss, kidney and bladder problems, anemia, blood clotting problems, neutropenia, infection. Besides that both chemo and radiation — specifically to the head and neck — can lead to mouth sores, sensitive gums, an irritated throat, and an increased risk of tooth decay.
    Kids with neutropenia need to take special precautions against germs. Like all kids, they should wash their hands well and often, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals. They also need to avoid crowded indoor places or visiting with friends or family members who have contagious illnesses such as a cold, the flu, or chickenpox.
    Cells that help blood to clot, called platelets, are another type of blood cell that can be affected during cancer treatment, especially chemo. Low platelets, orthrombocytopenia, can lead to bleeding. This may cause small red spots on the skin, bloody or black bowel movements, vomit, or bleeding from the nose, gums, or line site (the area where fluids and medicines are given to people with cancer). Kids with a low platelet count have to take it easy to reduce the risk of bleeding. That means avoiding rough play and contact sports (like football), and brushing with a soft toothbrush and flossing very gently. In very serious cases of thrombocytopenia, a child might need a blood transfusion.
    Most side effects start to go away after cancer treatment ends and the healthy cells have a chance to grow again. Sometimes, though, cancer treatment can cause changes to a growing body. These long-term side effects can include permanent damage to the heart, lungs, brain, nerves, kidneys, thyroid gland, or reproductive organs. In some cases, kids and teens who’ve had some types of chemotherapy have a higher risk of developing a second type of cancer later in life. Cancer treatment has come a long way. But it can be hard for kids and teens to cope with the sometimes painful or uncomfortable side effects of treatment. Fortunately, doctors have many ways to make treatments easier to manage.

(Available: https://kidshealth.org. Adapted.)
The word “this” (L25) refers back to:
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Q1785877 Inglês
Common Side Effects of Chemo and Radiation on kids 

    Chemo and radiation cause similar side effects. Chemo's side effects depend on the type of drug used, the dosage, and a child's overall health. These effects are more likely to affect the whole body. Radiation's side effects, on the other hand, tend to affect the area being treated. But they do still depend on the dose of radiation given, the location on the body, and whether the radiation was internal or external. Some of them are: fatigue, flu-like symptoms, pain, gastrointestinal problems, skin and weight changes, hair loss, kidney and bladder problems, anemia, blood clotting problems, neutropenia, infection. Besides that both chemo and radiation — specifically to the head and neck — can lead to mouth sores, sensitive gums, an irritated throat, and an increased risk of tooth decay.
    Kids with neutropenia need to take special precautions against germs. Like all kids, they should wash their hands well and often, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals. They also need to avoid crowded indoor places or visiting with friends or family members who have contagious illnesses such as a cold, the flu, or chickenpox.
    Cells that help blood to clot, called platelets, are another type of blood cell that can be affected during cancer treatment, especially chemo. Low platelets, orthrombocytopenia, can lead to bleeding. This may cause small red spots on the skin, bloody or black bowel movements, vomit, or bleeding from the nose, gums, or line site (the area where fluids and medicines are given to people with cancer). Kids with a low platelet count have to take it easy to reduce the risk of bleeding. That means avoiding rough play and contact sports (like football), and brushing with a soft toothbrush and flossing very gently. In very serious cases of thrombocytopenia, a child might need a blood transfusion.
    Most side effects start to go away after cancer treatment ends and the healthy cells have a chance to grow again. Sometimes, though, cancer treatment can cause changes to a growing body. These long-term side effects can include permanent damage to the heart, lungs, brain, nerves, kidneys, thyroid gland, or reproductive organs. In some cases, kids and teens who’ve had some types of chemotherapy have a higher risk of developing a second type of cancer later in life. Cancer treatment has come a long way. But it can be hard for kids and teens to cope with the sometimes painful or uncomfortable side effects of treatment. Fortunately, doctors have many ways to make treatments easier to manage.

(Available: https://kidshealth.org. Adapted.)
The word “likely” (L04) expresses the idea of:
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Q1785876 Inglês
Common Side Effects of Chemo and Radiation on kids 

    Chemo and radiation cause similar side effects. Chemo's side effects depend on the type of drug used, the dosage, and a child's overall health. These effects are more likely to affect the whole body. Radiation's side effects, on the other hand, tend to affect the area being treated. But they do still depend on the dose of radiation given, the location on the body, and whether the radiation was internal or external. Some of them are: fatigue, flu-like symptoms, pain, gastrointestinal problems, skin and weight changes, hair loss, kidney and bladder problems, anemia, blood clotting problems, neutropenia, infection. Besides that both chemo and radiation — specifically to the head and neck — can lead to mouth sores, sensitive gums, an irritated throat, and an increased risk of tooth decay.
    Kids with neutropenia need to take special precautions against germs. Like all kids, they should wash their hands well and often, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals. They also need to avoid crowded indoor places or visiting with friends or family members who have contagious illnesses such as a cold, the flu, or chickenpox.
    Cells that help blood to clot, called platelets, are another type of blood cell that can be affected during cancer treatment, especially chemo. Low platelets, orthrombocytopenia, can lead to bleeding. This may cause small red spots on the skin, bloody or black bowel movements, vomit, or bleeding from the nose, gums, or line site (the area where fluids and medicines are given to people with cancer). Kids with a low platelet count have to take it easy to reduce the risk of bleeding. That means avoiding rough play and contact sports (like football), and brushing with a soft toothbrush and flossing very gently. In very serious cases of thrombocytopenia, a child might need a blood transfusion.
    Most side effects start to go away after cancer treatment ends and the healthy cells have a chance to grow again. Sometimes, though, cancer treatment can cause changes to a growing body. These long-term side effects can include permanent damage to the heart, lungs, brain, nerves, kidneys, thyroid gland, or reproductive organs. In some cases, kids and teens who’ve had some types of chemotherapy have a higher risk of developing a second type of cancer later in life. Cancer treatment has come a long way. But it can be hard for kids and teens to cope with the sometimes painful or uncomfortable side effects of treatment. Fortunately, doctors have many ways to make treatments easier to manage.

(Available: https://kidshealth.org. Adapted.)
One of the possible lasting side effects of cancer treatment could be:
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Q1785875 Inglês
Common Side Effects of Chemo and Radiation on kids 

    Chemo and radiation cause similar side effects. Chemo's side effects depend on the type of drug used, the dosage, and a child's overall health. These effects are more likely to affect the whole body. Radiation's side effects, on the other hand, tend to affect the area being treated. But they do still depend on the dose of radiation given, the location on the body, and whether the radiation was internal or external. Some of them are: fatigue, flu-like symptoms, pain, gastrointestinal problems, skin and weight changes, hair loss, kidney and bladder problems, anemia, blood clotting problems, neutropenia, infection. Besides that both chemo and radiation — specifically to the head and neck — can lead to mouth sores, sensitive gums, an irritated throat, and an increased risk of tooth decay.
    Kids with neutropenia need to take special precautions against germs. Like all kids, they should wash their hands well and often, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals. They also need to avoid crowded indoor places or visiting with friends or family members who have contagious illnesses such as a cold, the flu, or chickenpox.
    Cells that help blood to clot, called platelets, are another type of blood cell that can be affected during cancer treatment, especially chemo. Low platelets, orthrombocytopenia, can lead to bleeding. This may cause small red spots on the skin, bloody or black bowel movements, vomit, or bleeding from the nose, gums, or line site (the area where fluids and medicines are given to people with cancer). Kids with a low platelet count have to take it easy to reduce the risk of bleeding. That means avoiding rough play and contact sports (like football), and brushing with a soft toothbrush and flossing very gently. In very serious cases of thrombocytopenia, a child might need a blood transfusion.
    Most side effects start to go away after cancer treatment ends and the healthy cells have a chance to grow again. Sometimes, though, cancer treatment can cause changes to a growing body. These long-term side effects can include permanent damage to the heart, lungs, brain, nerves, kidneys, thyroid gland, or reproductive organs. In some cases, kids and teens who’ve had some types of chemotherapy have a higher risk of developing a second type of cancer later in life. Cancer treatment has come a long way. But it can be hard for kids and teens to cope with the sometimes painful or uncomfortable side effects of treatment. Fortunately, doctors have many ways to make treatments easier to manage.

(Available: https://kidshealth.org. Adapted.)
Mark the item which might NOT be considered a cancer treatment side effect.
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Q1785874 Inglês
Common Side Effects of Chemo and Radiation on kids 

    Chemo and radiation cause similar side effects. Chemo's side effects depend on the type of drug used, the dosage, and a child's overall health. These effects are more likely to affect the whole body. Radiation's side effects, on the other hand, tend to affect the area being treated. But they do still depend on the dose of radiation given, the location on the body, and whether the radiation was internal or external. Some of them are: fatigue, flu-like symptoms, pain, gastrointestinal problems, skin and weight changes, hair loss, kidney and bladder problems, anemia, blood clotting problems, neutropenia, infection. Besides that both chemo and radiation — specifically to the head and neck — can lead to mouth sores, sensitive gums, an irritated throat, and an increased risk of tooth decay.
    Kids with neutropenia need to take special precautions against germs. Like all kids, they should wash their hands well and often, especially before eating, after using the bathroom, and after touching animals. They also need to avoid crowded indoor places or visiting with friends or family members who have contagious illnesses such as a cold, the flu, or chickenpox.
    Cells that help blood to clot, called platelets, are another type of blood cell that can be affected during cancer treatment, especially chemo. Low platelets, orthrombocytopenia, can lead to bleeding. This may cause small red spots on the skin, bloody or black bowel movements, vomit, or bleeding from the nose, gums, or line site (the area where fluids and medicines are given to people with cancer). Kids with a low platelet count have to take it easy to reduce the risk of bleeding. That means avoiding rough play and contact sports (like football), and brushing with a soft toothbrush and flossing very gently. In very serious cases of thrombocytopenia, a child might need a blood transfusion.
    Most side effects start to go away after cancer treatment ends and the healthy cells have a chance to grow again. Sometimes, though, cancer treatment can cause changes to a growing body. These long-term side effects can include permanent damage to the heart, lungs, brain, nerves, kidneys, thyroid gland, or reproductive organs. In some cases, kids and teens who’ve had some types of chemotherapy have a higher risk of developing a second type of cancer later in life. Cancer treatment has come a long way. But it can be hard for kids and teens to cope with the sometimes painful or uncomfortable side effects of treatment. Fortunately, doctors have many ways to make treatments easier to manage.

(Available: https://kidshealth.org. Adapted.)
According to text content, it is consistent to state that cancer treatment:
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Q1765623 Inglês
A BNCC passa a adotar o nome de Língua estrangeira para língua franca. É uma mudança de conceito importante para o ensino do Inglês. De acordo com a Base, todos os conceitos abaixo estão corretos em relação à língua franca, com EXCEÇÃO de:
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Q1765622 Inglês

A compreensão da língua inglesa depende muito do vocabulário, se este for limitado, a comunicação também será. Seguem expressões bem interessante para facilitar essa comunicação. Associe a segunda coluna de acordo com a primeira e encontre a resposta CORRETA:


I - To get straight to the point.

II - To beat around the bush.

III - To put somebody in the Picture.

IV - To keep somebody in the loop.

V - To be out of the loop.


( ) Ir direto ao ponto do que precisa ser dito.

( ) “Enrolar”, não ser objetivo na comunicação.

( ) Manter uma pessoa bem informada, ciente do que está acontecendo.

( ) Manter a comunicação regular entre as pessoas de um grupo sobre um plano ou projeto específico.

( ) Estar desinformado, estar “por fora”, “boiando”.

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Q1765621 Inglês

Which option best completes the paragraph below?


As with the Anglo-Saxon and Norman settlers of centuries past, the languages spoken by today’s ethnic communities have begun to have an impact on the everyday spoken English of other communities. For instance, many young people, regardless of _________ ethnic background, now use the black slang terms, nang (‘cool,’) and diss (‘insult’ — from ‘disrespecting’) or words derived from Hindi and Urdu, such as chuddies (‘underpants’) or desi (‘typically Asian’). Many also use the all-purpose tag-question, innit — as in statements such as you’re weird, innit. This feature has been variously ascribed to the British Caribbean community or the British Asian community, although it is also part of a more native British tradition - in dialects in the West Country and Wales, for instance — which might explain why it appears to have spread so rapidly among young speakers everywhere.

https://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/minority-ethnic/

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Q1765620 Inglês
Escolha a alternativa que preenche corretamente as lacunas. My teacher and my mother have very different styles. One is a good athlete _____ the other prefer listen to the music everyday.
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Q1765619 Inglês

Complete each sentence using where/whom/whose/who and choose the right answer below:


I - He doesn´t know the name of the dog to.........Ispoke yesterday night.

II - A house is a place.......people live togheter.

III - A humorista is a person.......believes that all the people are happy.

IV - An elephant is an animal........children are also very big.

V - The place........we spent our days was really wonderful.

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Q1765583 Inglês

Read the text below and choose the correct answer about the test.

Supreme Court Appears Ready to Let Trump End DACA Program

The justices are considering whether the Trump administration can shut down a program that shields about 700,000 young immigrants from deportation.


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WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court’s conservative majority on Tuesday appeared ready to side with the Trump administration in its efforts to shut down a program protecting about 700,000 young immigrants known as “Dreamers.”

The court’s liberal justices probed the administration’s justifications for ending the program, expressing skepticism about its rationales for doing so. But other justices indicated that they would not second-guess the administration’s reasoning and, in any event, considered its explanations sufficient.

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/12/us/supreme-court-dreamers.html?action= click&module= Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage

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Q1765582 Inglês

The sentences below need to be completed with where/whom/whose/who. Choose the right answer:


I - He doesn´t know the age of the girl to.........he saw saturday night.

II - A church is a place.......... people pray a lot.

III - A doctor is a person .......... care the health of people.

IV - A father is a man.......... play the children a lot.

V - The school........I studied was really fantastic.

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Respostas
15381: B
15382: E
15383: C
15384: C
15385: C
15386: D
15387: C
15388: A
15389: A
15390: C
15391: C
15392: A
15393: B
15394: B
15395: A
15396: B
15397: C
15398: A
15399: A
15400: C