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Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Sagrada Família - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Sagrada Família - RS - Professor - Área II - Inglês |
Q2178059
Inglês
Texto associado
Artificial General Intelligence Is Not as Imminent as You
Might Think
To the average person, it must seem as if the field
of artificial intelligence is making immense progress.
According to the press releases, and some of the more
________ media accounts, OpenAI’s DALL-E 2 can seemingly
create spectacular images from any text; another OpenAI
system called GPT-3 can talk about just about anything; and
a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind,
a division of Alphabet, seemingly worked well on every task
the company could throw at it. One of DeepMind’s highlevel executives even went so far as to brag that in the quest
for artificial general intelligence (AGI), AI that has the
flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence, “The
Game is Over!” And Elon Musk said recently that he would
be surprised if we didn’t have artificial general intelligence
by 2029.
Don’t be fooled. Machines may someday be as
smart as people, and perhaps even smarter, but the game is
far from over. There is still an immense amount of work to
be done in making machines that truly can comprehend and
reason about the world around them. What we really need
right now is less posturing and more basic research.
To be sure, there are indeed some ways in which AI
truly is making progress—synthetic images look more and
more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in
noisy environments—but we are still light-years away from
general purpose, human-level AI that can understand the
true meanings of articles and videos, or deal with
unexpected obstacles and interruptions. We are still stuck
on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists
having been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable
and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances.
(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
Considering the text, number the 2nd column according
to the 1rst and, after that, check the alternative that
presents the CORRECT sequence:
(1) DALL-E 2. (2) GPT-3. (3) Gato.
(_) A system that has the ability to talk. (_) A system that apparently perform every task required. (_) A system that can create images from texts.
(1) DALL-E 2. (2) GPT-3. (3) Gato.
(_) A system that has the ability to talk. (_) A system that apparently perform every task required. (_) A system that can create images from texts.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Sagrada Família - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Sagrada Família - RS - Professor - Área II - Inglês |
Q2178058
Inglês
Texto associado
Artificial General Intelligence Is Not as Imminent as You
Might Think
To the average person, it must seem as if the field
of artificial intelligence is making immense progress.
According to the press releases, and some of the more
________ media accounts, OpenAI’s DALL-E 2 can seemingly
create spectacular images from any text; another OpenAI
system called GPT-3 can talk about just about anything; and
a system called Gato that was released in May by DeepMind,
a division of Alphabet, seemingly worked well on every task
the company could throw at it. One of DeepMind’s highlevel executives even went so far as to brag that in the quest
for artificial general intelligence (AGI), AI that has the
flexibility and resourcefulness of human intelligence, “The
Game is Over!” And Elon Musk said recently that he would
be surprised if we didn’t have artificial general intelligence
by 2029.
Don’t be fooled. Machines may someday be as
smart as people, and perhaps even smarter, but the game is
far from over. There is still an immense amount of work to
be done in making machines that truly can comprehend and
reason about the world around them. What we really need
right now is less posturing and more basic research.
To be sure, there are indeed some ways in which AI
truly is making progress—synthetic images look more and
more realistic, and speech recognition can often work in
noisy environments—but we are still light-years away from
general purpose, human-level AI that can understand the
true meanings of articles and videos, or deal with
unexpected obstacles and interruptions. We are still stuck
on precisely the same challenges that academic scientists
having been pointing out for years: getting AI to be reliable
and getting it to cope with unusual circumstances.
(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
According to the text, Artificial Intelligence has made
significant progress in the previous years, however:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176574
Inglês
Texto associado
Text CB1A2-II
There’s one fact that seems to stand out for anyone who has read Rama Gheerawo’s 2022 book, Creative leadership: born from design. It likely sticks with people because it seems so absurd as to border on very bleak comedy, but also because it reveals a fundamental truth about how unnervingly simple us humans can be.
In the very first chapter of the book, we learn that a study of Fortune 500 companies showed that (in America), something as arbitrary as height can be the key to the C-suite: 4% of adult men in the general US population are 6’2” or taller, but 30% in the CEO sample reached those heights. It feels pathetically caveman-like that even now, in the 21st century, we implicitly place power in the hands of those who are taller than us — or that those taller than us have a natural propensity to get that power for themselves.
For Gheerawo, issues around leadership really came to a head around 15 years ago, he says, when he found himself “really disillusioned” with the constant and innumerable ways the world excluded certain groups of people, and how much of that could be solved if there was far more willingness from decision-makers to involve design early on as a key tool for problem-solving.
<R>Emily Gosling. Why the world needs a new type of leader.
Internet:
Considering the research presented in the second paragraph of text
CB1A2-II, choose the correct option.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176573
Inglês
Texto associado
Text CB1A2-II
There’s one fact that seems to stand out for anyone who has read Rama Gheerawo’s 2022 book, Creative leadership: born from design. It likely sticks with people because it seems so absurd as to border on very bleak comedy, but also because it reveals a fundamental truth about how unnervingly simple us humans can be.
In the very first chapter of the book, we learn that a study of Fortune 500 companies showed that (in America), something as arbitrary as height can be the key to the C-suite: 4% of adult men in the general US population are 6’2” or taller, but 30% in the CEO sample reached those heights. It feels pathetically caveman-like that even now, in the 21st century, we implicitly place power in the hands of those who are taller than us — or that those taller than us have a natural propensity to get that power for themselves.
For Gheerawo, issues around leadership really came to a head around 15 years ago, he says, when he found himself “really disillusioned” with the constant and innumerable ways the world excluded certain groups of people, and how much of that could be solved if there was far more willingness from decision-makers to involve design early on as a key tool for problem-solving.
<R>Emily Gosling. Why the world needs a new type of leader.
Internet:
In the first paragraph of text CB1A2-II, the adjective “bleak” is
synonymous with
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176572
Inglês
Texto associado
Text CB1A2-II
There’s one fact that seems to stand out for anyone who has read Rama Gheerawo’s 2022 book, Creative leadership: born from design. It likely sticks with people because it seems so absurd as to border on very bleak comedy, but also because it reveals a fundamental truth about how unnervingly simple us humans can be.
In the very first chapter of the book, we learn that a study of Fortune 500 companies showed that (in America), something as arbitrary as height can be the key to the C-suite: 4% of adult men in the general US population are 6’2” or taller, but 30% in the CEO sample reached those heights. It feels pathetically caveman-like that even now, in the 21st century, we implicitly place power in the hands of those who are taller than us — or that those taller than us have a natural propensity to get that power for themselves.
For Gheerawo, issues around leadership really came to a head around 15 years ago, he says, when he found himself “really disillusioned” with the constant and innumerable ways the world excluded certain groups of people, and how much of that could be solved if there was far more willingness from decision-makers to involve design early on as a key tool for problem-solving.
<R>Emily Gosling. Why the world needs a new type of leader.
Internet:
Choose the correct option regarding the content of the book
Creative leadership: born from design, by Rama Gheerawo, as
it is presented in text CB1A2-II.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176571
Inglês
Texto associado
M .O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)
Text CB1A2-I
The quest for universal administrative standards to
promote the effective application of public laws and policies
gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson
argued for a distinction between politics and administration,
arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy,
justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with
efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the
proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not
political questions” (Wilson, 1887).
According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements
of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if
it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of
centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an
organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public
administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of
Administrative Principles.
That notwithstanding, the field has gone through
paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management
paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration.
The management approach is said to hold the promise of future
public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach
traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept
arises when the management perspective is combined with an
emphasis on the public sector: public management.
Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic
institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term
“public administration” to “public management”. Considering
the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the
transition from a public administration to a public management
framework seems to be the right step.
In text CB1A2-I the word “promote”, in the first paragraph,
means the same as
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176570
Inglês
Texto associado
M .O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)
Text CB1A2-I
The quest for universal administrative standards to
promote the effective application of public laws and policies
gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson
argued for a distinction between politics and administration,
arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy,
justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with
efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the
proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not
political questions” (Wilson, 1887).
According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements
of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if
it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of
centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an
organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public
administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of
Administrative Principles.
That notwithstanding, the field has gone through
paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management
paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration.
The management approach is said to hold the promise of future
public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach
traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept
arises when the management perspective is combined with an
emphasis on the public sector: public management.
Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic
institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term
“public administration” to “public management”. Considering
the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the
transition from a public administration to a public management
framework seems to be the right step.
In the second paragraph of text CB1A2-I, the determiner “its”
refers to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176569
Inglês
Texto associado
M .O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)
Text CB1A2-I
The quest for universal administrative standards to
promote the effective application of public laws and policies
gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson
argued for a distinction between politics and administration,
arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy,
justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with
efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the
proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not
political questions” (Wilson, 1887).
According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements
of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if
it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of
centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an
organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public
administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of
Administrative Principles.
That notwithstanding, the field has gone through
paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management
paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration.
The management approach is said to hold the promise of future
public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach
traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept
arises when the management perspective is combined with an
emphasis on the public sector: public management.
Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic
institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term
“public administration” to “public management”. Considering
the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the
transition from a public administration to a public management
framework seems to be the right step.
In text CB1A2-I, the word “quest”, which appears in the first and
in the third paragraphs, is synonymous with
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176568
Inglês
Texto associado
M .O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)
Text CB1A2-I
The quest for universal administrative standards to
promote the effective application of public laws and policies
gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson
argued for a distinction between politics and administration,
arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy,
justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with
efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the
proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not
political questions” (Wilson, 1887).
According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements
of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if
it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of
centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an
organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public
administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of
Administrative Principles.
That notwithstanding, the field has gone through
paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management
paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration.
The management approach is said to hold the promise of future
public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach
traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept
arises when the management perspective is combined with an
emphasis on the public sector: public management.
Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic
institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term
“public administration” to “public management”. Considering
the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the
transition from a public administration to a public management
framework seems to be the right step.
Choose the option that is correct considering text CB1A2-I.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
CGDF
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - CGDF - Auditor De Controle Interno Do Distrito Federal – Especialidade Finanças E Controle |
Q2176567
Inglês
Texto associado
M .O. Obimpeh and J.A. Dankwa. Public administration – public management interface: how different is the “management” from the “administration”? Internet: (adapted)
Text CB1A2-I
The quest for universal administrative standards to
promote the effective application of public laws and policies
gave birth to the field of public administration. Woodrow Wilson
argued for a distinction between politics and administration,
arguing that the former was more concerned with democracy,
justice, and equality, while the latter was more concerned with
efficiency, as he postulated that “administration lies beyond the
proper domain of politics; administrative questions are not
political questions” (Wilson, 1887).
According to Waldo (1948), the means and measurements
of efficiency were the same for all administrations: democracy, if
it were to survive, could not afford to ignore the lessons of
centralization, hierarchy and discipline. Bureaucracy as an
organisational type has seen its heyday in the field of public
administration, owing to Woodrow Wilson’s Transfer of
Administrative Principles.
That notwithstanding, the field has gone through
paradigmatic evolution over time by a quest for management
paradigm derived from the discipline of business administration.
The management approach is said to hold the promise of future
public sector reform, replacing the administrative approach
traditionally provided by public administration. A new concept
arises when the management perspective is combined with an
emphasis on the public sector: public management.
Courses and programmes, as well as whole academic
institutions and colleges, are adapting by switching from the term
“public administration” to “public management”. Considering
the growing demands for efficiency in the public sector, the
transition from a public administration to a public management
framework seems to be the right step.
According to text CB1A2-I, choose the option that refers
correctly to Woodrow Wilson’s ideas concerning administration.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IDESG
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES
Prova:
IDESG - 2023 - Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES - Professor em função de docência - MAPB - EF - ANOS FINAIS - LÍNGUA INGLESA |
Q2174633
Inglês
Complete the sentence below with the modal verb. Choose the CORRECT answer.
“My friend: I was able to watch TV until very late when I was younger.
Me: You were lucky! I _________ do it because I had to get up very early in the mornings.”
“My friend: I was able to watch TV until very late when I was younger.
Me: You were lucky! I _________ do it because I had to get up very early in the mornings.”
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IDESG
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES
Prova:
IDESG - 2023 - Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES - Professor em função de docência - MAPB - EF - ANOS FINAIS - LÍNGUA INGLESA |
Q2174632
Inglês
Complete the sentence below with the correct pronoun. Choose the CORRECT answer.
“Sarah and Patrick live in a small apartment. _________ dog barks all day long.”
“Sarah and Patrick live in a small apartment. _________ dog barks all day long.”
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IDESG
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES
Prova:
IDESG - 2023 - Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES - Professor em função de docência - MAPB - EF - ANOS FINAIS - LÍNGUA INGLESA |
Q2174631
Inglês
Which sentence is in the Passive Voice? Choose the CORRECT answer.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
IDESG
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES
Prova:
IDESG - 2023 - Prefeitura de Vila Valério - ES - Professor em função de docência - MAPB - EF - ANOS FINAIS - LÍNGUA INGLESA |
Q2174630
Inglês
Complete the sentence below with the correct verb. Choose the CORRECT answer.
‘Talking to a coworker: “I don’t know if we are going to reach our goal this month.
Last month it was amazing as I ________ 10 cars in total.’’
‘Talking to a coworker: “I don’t know if we are going to reach our goal this month.
Last month it was amazing as I ________ 10 cars in total.’’
Ano: 2023
Banca:
UniRV - GO
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Rio Verde - GO
Prova:
UniRV - GO - 2023 - Prefeitura de Rio Verde - GO - Professor de Educação Básica II (PEB II) - Inglês |
Q2170192
Inglês
Texto associado
What Is Linguistic Diversity?
What is language diversity? Language diversity, or linguistic diversity, is a broad term used to
describe the differences between different languages and the ways that people communicate with each
other. Language is one of the features of humanity that sets the species apart from others on Earth, as far
as scientists are aware. Languages are necessarily systematic, meaning that they are bound by rules. This
mechanism has been instrumental in allowing humans to communicate with each other and form complex
cultures and civilizations. Understanding what linguistic diversity is, how it applies on a worldwide scale,
and how it applies in education can help create a more thorough and lasting understanding of the study of
culture in general and the place of language in human life. [...]
Examples of Linguistic Diversity
In terms of variety of languages, there are many examples of linguistic diversity around the world.
Linguistic diversity is sometimes measured using a language diversity index, of which there are several.
These tools examine the likelihood of two given people in a country or region speaking the same native
language. If virtually everyone in a country speaks the same language, the diversity index will approach 0.
If there is a very high degree of native language diversity, the index will approach 1. Countries with a low
diversity index include Britain, Brazil, Australia, and Japan, all of which have an index score of 0.2 or less.
Diversity is also quite low in the U.S., hovering somewhere between 0.2 and 0.4. Countries with a very
high diversity index include South Africa (which has 11 official languages), India, and Papua New Guinea.
All of these countries have an index score of 0.8 or higher.
High levels of linguistic diversity often indicate that a country has one or more of the following:
• A very large population
• Many ethnic groups
• Many historical and current trade routes
• A history of being colonized
• Many mountains and other isolating geographical features
Countries deal with high levels of linguistic diversity in different ways. In some places, a single
language emerges as the lingua franca or common language. In other places, languages are combined to
form pidgins and creoles, usually in places where people had to learn to communicate very quickly.
One small island called South Goulburn, located off the coast of Australia, has an unusual way of
dealing with and maintaining linguistic diversity. On that island, the population of around 500 people keep
nine languages alive and thriving. Many of those are indigenous Australian languages with very few
speakers. On South Goulburn, it is considered somewhat taboo to speak a second language, as languages
are closely bound up with personal and cultural identity. Everyone on the island understands some or all
12
of the nine languages, but speak only their own, expecting others to respond in their own languages. This
is a phenomenon called receptive multilingualism.
Disponível em: study.com/learn/lesson/linguisticdiversity.html#:~:text=Language%20diversity%2C%20or%20linguistic%20diversity,far%20as%20scientists%20are%20aw
Observe as três afirmações abaixo sobre o texto e assinale a alternativa correta:
I – Países com baixa diversidade linguística apresentam índice de diversidade linguística próximo de zero. II – O texto cita uma ilha onde nove línguas são faladas. Neste local, um habitante inicia um diálogo em sua língua e espera-se que o seu interlocutor responda usando seu próprio idioma, que é diferente da língua do habitante que começa a conversa. III – Países que foram colonizados podem apresentar alto grau de diversidade linguística, que é o caso do Brasil.
I – Países com baixa diversidade linguística apresentam índice de diversidade linguística próximo de zero. II – O texto cita uma ilha onde nove línguas são faladas. Neste local, um habitante inicia um diálogo em sua língua e espera-se que o seu interlocutor responda usando seu próprio idioma, que é diferente da língua do habitante que começa a conversa. III – Países que foram colonizados podem apresentar alto grau de diversidade linguística, que é o caso do Brasil.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
UniRV - GO
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Rio Verde - GO
Prova:
UniRV - GO - 2023 - Prefeitura de Rio Verde - GO - Professor de Educação Básica II (PEB II) - Inglês |
Q2170191
Inglês
Texto associado
What Is Linguistic Diversity?
What is language diversity? Language diversity, or linguistic diversity, is a broad term used to
describe the differences between different languages and the ways that people communicate with each
other. Language is one of the features of humanity that sets the species apart from others on Earth, as far
as scientists are aware. Languages are necessarily systematic, meaning that they are bound by rules. This
mechanism has been instrumental in allowing humans to communicate with each other and form complex
cultures and civilizations. Understanding what linguistic diversity is, how it applies on a worldwide scale,
and how it applies in education can help create a more thorough and lasting understanding of the study of
culture in general and the place of language in human life. [...]
Examples of Linguistic Diversity
In terms of variety of languages, there are many examples of linguistic diversity around the world.
Linguistic diversity is sometimes measured using a language diversity index, of which there are several.
These tools examine the likelihood of two given people in a country or region speaking the same native
language. If virtually everyone in a country speaks the same language, the diversity index will approach 0.
If there is a very high degree of native language diversity, the index will approach 1. Countries with a low
diversity index include Britain, Brazil, Australia, and Japan, all of which have an index score of 0.2 or less.
Diversity is also quite low in the U.S., hovering somewhere between 0.2 and 0.4. Countries with a very
high diversity index include South Africa (which has 11 official languages), India, and Papua New Guinea.
All of these countries have an index score of 0.8 or higher.
High levels of linguistic diversity often indicate that a country has one or more of the following:
• A very large population
• Many ethnic groups
• Many historical and current trade routes
• A history of being colonized
• Many mountains and other isolating geographical features
Countries deal with high levels of linguistic diversity in different ways. In some places, a single
language emerges as the lingua franca or common language. In other places, languages are combined to
form pidgins and creoles, usually in places where people had to learn to communicate very quickly.
One small island called South Goulburn, located off the coast of Australia, has an unusual way of
dealing with and maintaining linguistic diversity. On that island, the population of around 500 people keep
nine languages alive and thriving. Many of those are indigenous Australian languages with very few
speakers. On South Goulburn, it is considered somewhat taboo to speak a second language, as languages
are closely bound up with personal and cultural identity. Everyone on the island understands some or all
12
of the nine languages, but speak only their own, expecting others to respond in their own languages. This
is a phenomenon called receptive multilingualism.
Disponível em: study.com/learn/lesson/linguisticdiversity.html#:~:text=Language%20diversity%2C%20or%20linguistic%20diversity,far%20as%20scientists%20are%20aw
Assinale a alternativa incorreta sobre o texto:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
UniRV - GO
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Rio Verde - GO
Prova:
UniRV - GO - 2023 - Prefeitura de Rio Verde - GO - Professor de Educação Básica II (PEB II) - Inglês |
Q2170190
Inglês
Texto associado
What Is Linguistic Diversity?
What is language diversity? Language diversity, or linguistic diversity, is a broad term used to
describe the differences between different languages and the ways that people communicate with each
other. Language is one of the features of humanity that sets the species apart from others on Earth, as far
as scientists are aware. Languages are necessarily systematic, meaning that they are bound by rules. This
mechanism has been instrumental in allowing humans to communicate with each other and form complex
cultures and civilizations. Understanding what linguistic diversity is, how it applies on a worldwide scale,
and how it applies in education can help create a more thorough and lasting understanding of the study of
culture in general and the place of language in human life. [...]
Examples of Linguistic Diversity
In terms of variety of languages, there are many examples of linguistic diversity around the world.
Linguistic diversity is sometimes measured using a language diversity index, of which there are several.
These tools examine the likelihood of two given people in a country or region speaking the same native
language. If virtually everyone in a country speaks the same language, the diversity index will approach 0.
If there is a very high degree of native language diversity, the index will approach 1. Countries with a low
diversity index include Britain, Brazil, Australia, and Japan, all of which have an index score of 0.2 or less.
Diversity is also quite low in the U.S., hovering somewhere between 0.2 and 0.4. Countries with a very
high diversity index include South Africa (which has 11 official languages), India, and Papua New Guinea.
All of these countries have an index score of 0.8 or higher.
High levels of linguistic diversity often indicate that a country has one or more of the following:
• A very large population
• Many ethnic groups
• Many historical and current trade routes
• A history of being colonized
• Many mountains and other isolating geographical features
Countries deal with high levels of linguistic diversity in different ways. In some places, a single
language emerges as the lingua franca or common language. In other places, languages are combined to
form pidgins and creoles, usually in places where people had to learn to communicate very quickly.
One small island called South Goulburn, located off the coast of Australia, has an unusual way of
dealing with and maintaining linguistic diversity. On that island, the population of around 500 people keep
nine languages alive and thriving. Many of those are indigenous Australian languages with very few
speakers. On South Goulburn, it is considered somewhat taboo to speak a second language, as languages
are closely bound up with personal and cultural identity. Everyone on the island understands some or all
12
of the nine languages, but speak only their own, expecting others to respond in their own languages. This
is a phenomenon called receptive multilingualism.
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