Questões de Concurso Sobre advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency em inglês

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Q2297187
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: SELECON Órgão: Prefeitura de Campo Verde - MT Prova: SELECON - 2023 - Prefeitura de Campo Verde - MT - Professor - Ensino Fundamental: Língua Inglesa |
Q2297187 Inglês
TEXT:

Mistakes help you learn
Maija Kozlova
May 19, 2021


It is not uncommon for English language lessons to favour communication over accuracy: real life is nothing like a classroom! In real-life situations, when you make a mistake in the language you are learning, context provides ample information as to what the intended message is. In fact, most of the time, impeccable accuracy is not needed at all! “Don’t worry about making mistakes,” I used to tell my English language students. “Communicating is the most important thing!”


While making mistakes when trying to master a language might seem counter-intuitive, letting learners freely communicate and negotiate meaning is key to success. A learner who communicates a lot while making a few mistakes is much more likely to develop confidence for dealing with real-life situations than a learner who communicates very little because they’re afraid of making any. In communicative language teaching, for example, the teacher is tasked with both encouraging the learner to express themselves and with providing corrective feedback in a way that is not obstructive to communication. 


This means that if a learner says, “I go swimming last night,” it is much more effective to respond with, “Oh, that’s nice, you went swimming. What did you do after?” rather than, “No! You went swimming! Use past simple for past events!” – the former encourages the learner to continue their narrative while the latter is much more likely to make the learner stop in their tracks, re-evaluate the context, and think twice before expressing themselves again in the future, for the fear of making a mistake again. Teachers need to be careful not to parrot back everything the students say in this manner, of course, but the technique can be an effective method of acknowledging the content of a student’s response, while also providing feedback on accuracy.


The importance of the freedom to make mistakes in language learning is also supported by research in psychology, which suggests that learners who try a task without having mastered it completely experience improved retention of new information. A similar experiment in the context of language learning also indicates that the process of making mistakes activates a greater network of related knowledge in the brain, which leads to superior learning outcomes.


It is believed that the key to help learners feel relaxed and ready for communicating freely in the classroom is authenticity. This means that there should be both a real communicative need for a learner to speak and the authentic reaction from those around to what the learner has said.


Here are a few ways of how such authentic communicative interactions can be practiced in the classroom: 


• surround learners with the English language – encourage them to speak to you and each other in English;

• don’t worry about diverging from topics that are not strictly covered in your lesson plan;

• model communication by telling your students stories and anecdotes about your own life and encourage them to do the same;

• let your learners have fun with English – give them colloquial expressions to try and ask them to share some expressions

; • do not overcorrect – make a note of errors and cover it in subsequent lessons;

• avoid the temptation to turn what was intended as speaking practice into a full-on grammar lesson.


While easier said than done, especially when the outcome of an exam is at stake, it is worth remembering that people that our learners might come to interact with outside of the classroom are driven by the natural desire to understand the people they communicate with. This is especially powerful when practiced in the context of a classroom. They set the learners up for success in real-life communication. In other words, when communication is the goal, mistakes are secondary, and that’s real life, isn’t it?


Adapted from: https://wwwcambridgeenglish.org/blog/mistakes-help-you-learnfreedom-to-fail-in-games-and-language-learning/
No último parágrafo do texto, a definição correta para o advérbio especially é:
Alternativas
Q2244809
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency ,
Ano: 2003 Banca: FCC Órgão: CVM Prova: FCC - 2003 - CVM - Inspetor |
Q2244809 Inglês

The hard cell

Thanks to politics, stem cell research in the United States is suffering. But not so in Sweden, which is poised to capture what could be the biggest new market to hit biotech in a decade.

By Stephan Herrera

February 13, 2003


New York, January 1, 2006:

Sweden announces that one of its biotechnology companies is the first in the world to enter clinical trials with a new drug that could cure Alzheimer's disease. Four years ago this type of research was all but stopped in the United States by political and ethical questions − which is ...61... Sweden now seems in the best position to capture a $25 billion market.


        Any day now, the U.S. Congress is expected to pass a sweeping new law that could dramatically inhibit researchers from working with stem cells taken from human embryos. Such cells, which can be used to grow a whole host of new cells and organs, could fundamentally change the way we treat heretofore intractable maladies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, stroke, liver failure, and heart disease. The only problem is that these cells by definition are derived from human embryos, many of which are cloned or come from unused fetuses collected at fertility clinics. The argument, from a certain segment of the American political spectrum, is that ...62... methods are morally wrong. They are ...63... a form of abortion or an activity that could eventually lead to human cloning.

             Those working in stem cell research say the short-term effect of the legislation will be to further chill all forms of scientific inquiry and commercialization efforts in the field. Entrepreneurs and investors are already eschewing such research − in large part because of the additional uncertainty and risk that politics introduce.

         Of the nearly 50 private stem cell companies in the United States, only a handful are still viable. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, Sweden has avoided many of the political and ethical quagmires surrounding this type of research. It currently has 40 private stem cell companies, a number that's growing. Sweden's leading research universities have 32 percent of the world's stem cell inventory, close on the heels of the United States' 35 percent.

          Sweden, say analysts, is now in the best position to capture a worldwide market for drugs based on stem cell therapies that could grow to $25 billion in the next three to five years − nearly equal to the whole biotech industry at present. This estimate doesn't even address the market for stem cells capable of repairing damaged vital organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys. If the United States offers an object lesson of what can happen when scientific inquiry and investment capital fall victim to politics, Sweden and its leading stem cell startup, NeuroNova, offer the opposite example. How odd that the United States, which for generations has been the envy of the world for its progressive views of science and commercialization, should now have a biomedical climate chillier than a Swedish winter.

         One company feeling a lot of pain is StemCells, which at first glance seems to have it all: founding scientists include Stanford's Dr. Weissman and Fred Gage of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. An equally well-regarded expert in the treatment of Alzheimer's, Dr. Gage spent five years in Sweden as a researcher and now sits on a national committee on stem cell research there. The firm's chairman is Roger Perlmutter, Amgen's head of research.

       Yet over the past two years, none of management's efforts to help investors and even critics reconsider the stem cell field have worked. At press time, the stock was thinly traded and sitting in the neighborhood of 50 cents. With less than $15 million in cash, the company likely won't exist at this time next year. (CEO Martin McGlynn, who joined the firm in January 2001, would not talk to Red Herring, despite repeated efforts.)       

      Some observers on Wall Street are asking, If StemCells can't make it, who can? Geron, the only other publicly held stem cell firm to speak of, is in a fix, too. The company's stock price is also moribund, at $3.85 per share. Thanks to some capital infusions a few years ago, when money came easy, Geron still has $40 million on hand, but by the end of next year, that too will likely be gone. Once a media darling, Geron focuses on diagnostic tests and drugs derived from stem cells, a strategy that's not going well. For the nine months ended last September, revenue fell 68 percent to $955,000 and net loss widened 18 percent to $26.7 million. The company's financials were also hit hard after it terminated an agreement with Pharmacia and acquired research technology from Lynx Therapeutics, which Geron bought in a desperate attempt to be seen as something more than just a stem cell company.

     The situation is quite different, however, for Sweden's NeuroNova, which has 30 academic partners and a staff of 20. NeuroNova is working on ways to inject stem cells into the human brain to trigger a process called neurogenesis (the growth of new neural cells), which could combat diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and even schizophrenia.

      If NeuroNova is the first to develop a drug capable of treating one of several central nervous system disorders − by far the most lucrative after heart disease products − it will have done so not because it raised more money or got more media buzz than the rest. It will have succeeded because the science is solid, and academe, government, and the investment community are supportive. Meanwhile, the United States will look on with envy and wonder how it, a country known for its entrepreneurial innovation, ever got so short-sighted.


(Adapted from http://www.redherring.com/investor/2003/02/biotech021303.html)

The underlined adverb now refers to year
Alternativas
Q2244808
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency ,
Ano: 2003 Banca: FCC Órgão: CVM Prova: FCC - 2003 - CVM - Inspetor |
Q2244808 Inglês

The hard cell

Thanks to politics, stem cell research in the United States is suffering. But not so in Sweden, which is poised to capture what could be the biggest new market to hit biotech in a decade.

By Stephan Herrera

February 13, 2003


New York, January 1, 2006:

Sweden announces that one of its biotechnology companies is the first in the world to enter clinical trials with a new drug that could cure Alzheimer's disease. Four years ago this type of research was all but stopped in the United States by political and ethical questions − which is ...61... Sweden now seems in the best position to capture a $25 billion market.


        Any day now, the U.S. Congress is expected to pass a sweeping new law that could dramatically inhibit researchers from working with stem cells taken from human embryos. Such cells, which can be used to grow a whole host of new cells and organs, could fundamentally change the way we treat heretofore intractable maladies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, stroke, liver failure, and heart disease. The only problem is that these cells by definition are derived from human embryos, many of which are cloned or come from unused fetuses collected at fertility clinics. The argument, from a certain segment of the American political spectrum, is that ...62... methods are morally wrong. They are ...63... a form of abortion or an activity that could eventually lead to human cloning.

             Those working in stem cell research say the short-term effect of the legislation will be to further chill all forms of scientific inquiry and commercialization efforts in the field. Entrepreneurs and investors are already eschewing such research − in large part because of the additional uncertainty and risk that politics introduce.

         Of the nearly 50 private stem cell companies in the United States, only a handful are still viable. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, Sweden has avoided many of the political and ethical quagmires surrounding this type of research. It currently has 40 private stem cell companies, a number that's growing. Sweden's leading research universities have 32 percent of the world's stem cell inventory, close on the heels of the United States' 35 percent.

          Sweden, say analysts, is now in the best position to capture a worldwide market for drugs based on stem cell therapies that could grow to $25 billion in the next three to five years − nearly equal to the whole biotech industry at present. This estimate doesn't even address the market for stem cells capable of repairing damaged vital organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys. If the United States offers an object lesson of what can happen when scientific inquiry and investment capital fall victim to politics, Sweden and its leading stem cell startup, NeuroNova, offer the opposite example. How odd that the United States, which for generations has been the envy of the world for its progressive views of science and commercialization, should now have a biomedical climate chillier than a Swedish winter.

         One company feeling a lot of pain is StemCells, which at first glance seems to have it all: founding scientists include Stanford's Dr. Weissman and Fred Gage of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. An equally well-regarded expert in the treatment of Alzheimer's, Dr. Gage spent five years in Sweden as a researcher and now sits on a national committee on stem cell research there. The firm's chairman is Roger Perlmutter, Amgen's head of research.

       Yet over the past two years, none of management's efforts to help investors and even critics reconsider the stem cell field have worked. At press time, the stock was thinly traded and sitting in the neighborhood of 50 cents. With less than $15 million in cash, the company likely won't exist at this time next year. (CEO Martin McGlynn, who joined the firm in January 2001, would not talk to Red Herring, despite repeated efforts.)       

      Some observers on Wall Street are asking, If StemCells can't make it, who can? Geron, the only other publicly held stem cell firm to speak of, is in a fix, too. The company's stock price is also moribund, at $3.85 per share. Thanks to some capital infusions a few years ago, when money came easy, Geron still has $40 million on hand, but by the end of next year, that too will likely be gone. Once a media darling, Geron focuses on diagnostic tests and drugs derived from stem cells, a strategy that's not going well. For the nine months ended last September, revenue fell 68 percent to $955,000 and net loss widened 18 percent to $26.7 million. The company's financials were also hit hard after it terminated an agreement with Pharmacia and acquired research technology from Lynx Therapeutics, which Geron bought in a desperate attempt to be seen as something more than just a stem cell company.

     The situation is quite different, however, for Sweden's NeuroNova, which has 30 academic partners and a staff of 20. NeuroNova is working on ways to inject stem cells into the human brain to trigger a process called neurogenesis (the growth of new neural cells), which could combat diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and even schizophrenia.

      If NeuroNova is the first to develop a drug capable of treating one of several central nervous system disorders − by far the most lucrative after heart disease products − it will have done so not because it raised more money or got more media buzz than the rest. It will have succeeded because the science is solid, and academe, government, and the investment community are supportive. Meanwhile, the United States will look on with envy and wonder how it, a country known for its entrepreneurial innovation, ever got so short-sighted.


(Adapted from http://www.redherring.com/investor/2003/02/biotech021303.html)

Para responder à questão, assinale, na folha de respostas, a letra correspondente a alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna do texto apresentado (...63...) .
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Q2243757
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency ,
Ano: 2003 Banca: FCC Órgão: CVM Prova: FCC - 2003 - CVM - Analista - Normas Contábeis e de Auditoria |
Q2243757 Inglês
      Michael R. Bloomberg is the 108th Mayor of the City of New York. He was born on February 14, 1942 to middle class parents in Medford, Massachusetts, where his father was the bookkeeper at a local dairy. Mayor Bloomberg's thirst for information and fascination with technology was evident at an early age, and led him to Johns Hopkins University, where he parked cars and took out loans to finance his education. After his college graduation, he gained an MBA from Harvard and in the summer of 1966, he was hired by Salomon Brothers to work on Wall Street.

    He quickly advanced through the ranks, and became a partner in 1972. Soon after, he was supervising all of Salomon's stock trading, sales and later, its information systems. He was fired in 1981 after another company acquired Salomon. Michael Bloomberg used his stake from the Salomon sale to start his ...39... company, an endeavor that would revolutionize the way that Wall Street ....40.... business. As a young trader, he had been amazed at the archaic nature in which information was stored. When he needed to see how a stock had been trading three weeks earlier, he had to find a copy of the Wall Street Journal from the date in question, and the records system consisted of clerks penciling trades in oversize ledgers. ...41... , he created a financial information computer that would collect and analyze different combinations of past and present securities data and deliver it immediately to the user.

       In 1982, Bloomberg LP sold 20 subscriptions to its service; 20 years ....42... , Bloomberg LP has over 165,000 subscribers worldwide. As the business proved its viability, the company branched out and in 1990 Bloomberg LP entered the media business, launching a news service, and then radio, television, Internet, and publishing operations.
   
         Nearly 20 years after its founding, Bloomberg LP now employs more than 8,000 people − including 2,500 in New York City − in more than 100 offices worldwide. As the company enjoyed tremendous growth, Michael Bloomberg dedicated more of his time and energy to philanthropy and civic affairs. His desire to improve education, advance medical research and increase access to the arts, has provided the motivation for much of his philanthropy.

         The Mayor served as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Johns Hopkins University until May 2002. Recently, he was honored by Johns Hopkins University, when its School of Hygiene and Public Health was renamed "The Bloomberg School of Public Health," a tribute to his leadership and use of philanthropy to improve the human ....43... .

     In 1997, Michael Bloomberg published his autobiography, Bloomberg by Bloomberg. All of the royalties from sales of the book are donated to the Committee to Protect Journalists.

(Adapted from http://home.nyc.gov/portal/index.jsp?pageID=nyc_mayor_bio&catID=119 4&cc=unused1196&rc=1194&ndi=-1)
Para responder à questão, assinale, na folha de respostas, a letra correspondente à alternativa que preencha corretamente a lacuna do texto apresentado (...42...). 
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Q2209849
Inglês Advérbios e conjunções | Adverbs and conjunctions , Advérbios de: lugar, modo, tempo e freqüência | Adverbs of: place, manner, time and frequency , Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2023 Banca: FUNDATEC Órgão: Prefeitura de Maçambara - RS Prova: FUNDATEC - 2023 - Prefeitura de Maçambara - RS - Professor Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental – Inglês |
Q2209849 Inglês


Try these expert tips for a safer solo trip




(Available at: https://news.airbnb.com/try-these-expert-tips-for-a-safer-solo-trip/ – text especially adapted for this text).

The underlined word “never” (l. 25) is a(an):
Alternativas
Respostas
16: A
17: D
18: B
19: D
20: A
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