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Q3758064 Inglês
Jadarite, described as ‘Earth's kryptonite twin,’ has potential to replace fossil fuels 

A plain-white mineral found in western Serbia has a name straight out of the comics and a chemical profile that battery makers crave. Called jadarite, also known as sodium-lithium- boron silicate hydroxide, was first pulled from drill cores in 2004 and officially recognized as a new mineral two years later. 

Geologists soon noticed that the formula on the sample label matched the faux “kryptonite” shown in a 2006 Superman film, minus the fluorine and the green glow. That pop-culture twist helped the discovery grab headlines, yet the real excitement lies in what the mineral could do for electric vehicles and renewable power storage.

Jadarite occurs as dull, chalky nodules tucked inside fine-grained shale in the Jadar Valley. The host rocks formed in an ancient lake basin rich in volcanic ash, allowing lithium and boron to build up in the pore waters until the mineral crystallized. Those conditions have been found only in Serbia so far, making the deposit both unique and strategically valuable. 

Michael Page, a process chemist at Australia’s Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), points out that the valley “is considered one of the largest lithium deposits in the world, making it a potential game-changer for the global green energy transition.” […]

Serbian communities are not unanimous in welcoming the mine. Environmental groups warn that alkali-rich tailings could leak into the Jadar River and harm local agriculture. Independent studies have found elevated boron and lithium downstream of exploratory boreholes, fueling weekly protests in Belgrade.

Supporters counter that rigorous water-management plans and sealed tailings cells can limit impacts, and that the economic gains, including thousands of skilled jobs, are hard to ignore. European automakers also see the project as a chance to shorten supply chains now dominated by South American brines and Chinese refiners.

Whether or not the Jadar project reaches full production, the mineral has already altered the critical-minerals map. Its existence proves that lithium can concentrate outside traditional pegmatites and brines, broadening the hunt to basins once dismissed as uneconomic clay.

Researchers are now experimenting with synthetic pathways, seeding gels of silica, borate, and lithium under lake-like conditions to see if jadarite can be grown on demand. Success could pave the way for engineered deposits that bypass mining altogether. For now, though, nature’s one known batch in western Serbia remains the focus of intense scientific, industrial, and public scrutiny.

Adapted from https://www.earth.com/news/jadarite-described-as-earthskryptonite-twin-has-potential-to-replace-fossil-fuels/


Based on the information provided by the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) Jadarite resembles to some extent a mineral previously depicted in fiction.
( ) Environmentalists support the Jadar project due to its harmless effects.
( ) Experimental work is underway to assess the possibility of producing the mineral upon request.
The statements are, respectively
Alternativas
Q3757728 Inglês
READ TEXT III AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:

TEXT III

Original: Maciços rochosos constituídos por arenitos eólicos muitas vezes são considerados depósitos homogêneos com relação às suas propriedades hidráulicas em função das suas características texturais. Source: https://www.abge.org.br/arquivos/ARTIGO%201%20-%20RevistaABGE-14- 2_Ok.pdf

Virtual Translator: Rock masses made up of aeolian sandstones are often considered homogeneous deposits in relation to its hydraulic properties depending on its textural characteristics.
By opting for “made up of”, the translator has introduced a phrasal verb that is more
Alternativas
Q3757727 Inglês
READ TEXT III AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:

TEXT III

Original: Maciços rochosos constituídos por arenitos eólicos muitas vezes são considerados depósitos homogêneos com relação às suas propriedades hidráulicas em função das suas características texturais. Source: https://www.abge.org.br/arquivos/ARTIGO%201%20-%20RevistaABGE-14- 2_Ok.pdf

Virtual Translator: Rock masses made up of aeolian sandstones are often considered homogeneous deposits in relation to its hydraulic properties depending on its textural characteristics.
In Text III, instead of “depending on”, the translator should have chosen
Alternativas
Q3757726 Inglês
READ TEXT III AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:

TEXT III

Original: Maciços rochosos constituídos por arenitos eólicos muitas vezes são considerados depósitos homogêneos com relação às suas propriedades hidráulicas em função das suas características texturais. Source: https://www.abge.org.br/arquivos/ARTIGO%201%20-%20RevistaABGE-14- 2_Ok.pdf

Virtual Translator: Rock masses made up of aeolian sandstones are often considered homogeneous deposits in relation to its hydraulic properties depending on its textural characteristics.
Virtual Translator: Rock masses made up of aeolian sandstones are often considered homogeneous deposits in relation to its hydraulic properties depending on its textural characteristics.
One of the problems with the translation provided by the virtual translator is
Alternativas
Q3757725 Inglês
TEXT II
“Trench-parallel mid-ocean ridge subduction driven by alongstrike transmission of slab pull”
Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/issue/52/12

The most adequate translation of “driven” is 
Alternativas
Q3757724 Inglês
READ TEXT II AND ANSWER THE QUESTION:
TEXT II
“Trench-parallel mid-ocean ridge subduction driven by alongstrike transmission of slab pull”
Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/issue/52/12
In this title, the noun phrase “slab pull” refers to
Alternativas
Q3757723 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION:

TEXT I

Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy

Abstract

Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16 March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions. White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash, lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative information about the processes involved and the associated hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy access, such as Etna.

Source: GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2325–2342. Available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/136/5- 6/2325/628546/Products-and-dynamics-of-lava-snow-explosions-The
According to Text I, the study concludes with 
Alternativas
Q3757722 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION:

TEXT I

Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy

Abstract

Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16 March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions. White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash, lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative information about the processes involved and the associated hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy access, such as Etna.

Source: GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2325–2342. Available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/136/5- 6/2325/628546/Products-and-dynamics-of-lava-snow-explosions-The
When the fragment “were suddenly ejected” is translated into “foram ejetados de forma muito súbita”, the strategy used was 
Alternativas
Q3757721 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION:

TEXT I

Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy

Abstract

Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16 March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions. White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash, lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative information about the processes involved and the associated hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy access, such as Etna.

Source: GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2325–2342. Available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/136/5- 6/2325/628546/Products-and-dynamics-of-lava-snow-explosions-The
The closest translation into Portuguese of “Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated” is 
Alternativas
Q3757720 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION:

TEXT I

Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy

Abstract

Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16 March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions. White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash, lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative information about the processes involved and the associated hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy access, such as Etna.

Source: GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2325–2342. Available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/136/5- 6/2325/628546/Products-and-dynamics-of-lava-snow-explosions-The
In the fragment “a mildly effusive and explosive eruption”, the adverb is comparable in meaning to
Alternativas
Q3757719 Inglês
READ TEXT I AND ANSWER THE  QUESTION:

TEXT I

Products and dynamics of lava-snow explosions: The 16 March 2017 explosion at Mount Etna, Italy

Abstract

Volcanic hazards associated with lava flows advancing on snow cover are often underrated, although sudden explosions related to different processes of lava-snow/ice contact can occur rapidly and are only preceded by small, easily underrated precursors. On 16 March 2017, during a mildly effusive and explosive eruption at Mount Etna, Italy, a slowly advancing lava lobe interacted with the snow cover to produce a sudden, brief sequence of explosions. White vapor, brown ash, and coarse material were suddenly ejected, and the products struck a group of people, injuring some of them. The proximal deposit formed a continuous mantle of ash, lapilli, and decimeter-sized bombs, while the ballistic material travelled up to 200 m from the lava edge. The deposit was estimated to have a mass of 7.1 ± 0.8 × 104 kg, which corresponds to a volume of 32.0 ± 3.6 m3 of lava being removed by the explosion. Data related to the texture and morphology of the ejected clasts were used to constrain a model of lava-snow interaction. The results suggest that the mechanism causing the explosions was the progressive build-up of pressure due to vapor accumulation under the lava flow, while no evidence was found for the occurrence of fuel-coolant interaction processes. Although these low-intensity explosions are not particularly frequent, the data set collected provides, for the first time, quantitative information about the processes involved and the associated hazard and suggests that mitigation measures should be established to prevent potentially dramatic accidents at worldwide volcanoes frequented by tourists and with fairly easy access, such as Etna.

Source: GSA Bulletin (2024) 136 (5-6): 2325–2342. Available at https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article/136/5- 6/2325/628546/Products-and-dynamics-of-lava-snow-explosions-The
Based on Text I, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
I) The eruption resulted in no casualties.
II) Fragments were launched high above the edge of the lava.
III) Fuel and coolant interaction caused the explosion at Mount Etna.
The statements are, respectively
Alternativas
Q3753600 Inglês
In English language teaching, some oral activities focus on helping learners organize their ideas, speak fluently, and use intonation naturally while narrating events or retelling personal experiences. These techniques emphasize structure, coherence, and expressiveness, encouraging students to practice rhythm, pronunciation, and creativity as they construct meaning through speech. Which pedagogical strategy represents this approach?
Alternativas
Q3753599 Inglês
Autonomous learning refers to students' ability to take charge of their own learning process, setting goals, selecting strategies, and self-evaluating progress. Digital technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for autonomous English learning through apps, online platforms, podcasts, and authentic materials. However, effective autonomy requires explicit instruction in learning strategies, digital literacy skills, and critical evaluation of online resources. Teachers play a crucial role in scaffolding learner autonomy rather than simply assigning independent work. Responsible technology use involves understanding privacy concerns, identifying credible sources, managing screen time, and recognizing AI limitations. How can English teachers effectively promote genuine learner autonomy while ensuring responsible technology use?
Alternativas
Q3753598 Inglês
Dialogue:

Anna: Hey, Tom! You look tired. What happened?
Tom: I stayed up all night finishing my project.
Anna: Oh no! You should take a short nap to catch up on your sleep.
Tom: I know, but I have another meeting in an hour. Maybe I'll just grab a coffee instead.
Anna: Don't burn yourself out! You need some rest.

In the dialogue above, the expression "catch up on" means to:
Alternativas
Q3753597 Inglês
In English pronunciation practice, teachers often use a technique that involves students repeating words, sounds, or sentences several times after the teacher. This repetition helps learners internalize the rhythm, intonation, and pronunciation patterns of the language, building accuracy and fluency through controlled imitation. Which teaching technique does this description refer to?
Alternativas
Q3753596 Inglês
J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973) was not only a renowned author but also a distinguished philologist and professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford University. His deep knowledge of Old English, Middle English, Old Norse, Finnish, and Welsh profoundly influenced his creative work. Unlike most fantasy authors who create fictional worlds first and add languages as decoration, Tolkien's approach was inverted: he created complex, fully-functional languages with consistent grammar, phonology, and etymology, then built narratives and worlds where these languages could exist naturally. His most developed constructed languages (conlangs) include Quenya (inspired by Finnish) and Sindarin (inspired by Welsh), both Elvish languages with distinct characteristics. Tolkien invented these languages before writing "The Hobbit" or "The Lord of the Rings," and his fiction essentially served as a mythology to house his linguistic creations. Which statement accurately reflects Tolkien's unique contribution to fantasy literature and the relationship between his philological expertise and creative writing?
Alternativas
Q3753595 Inglês
English language teachers must explicitly teach reading strategies to help students process texts efficiently. Different reading purposes require different approaches. When students need to find specific information quickly, such as a date, name, price, or particular fact, without reading the entire text, they should employ a particular technique. This strategy involves moving eyes rapidly over the text to locate specific keywords or information, similar to searching for a contact in a phone list. It differs from other strategies like skimming (getting general idea), intensive reading (detailed comprehension), or extensive reading (reading for pleasure). What is this reading strategy called when students search for specific information without reading every word?
Alternativas
Q3753594 Inglês
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) is recognized not only for his memorable characters and engaging narratives but also for his incisive social criticism of Victorian England. His novels exposed injustices including child labor, workhouse conditions, legal system corruption, educational inadequacies, and class inequalities. Dickens drew from personal experience: his father's imprisonment for debt forced twelve-year-old Charles to work in a blacking factory, a traumatic experience that profoundly influenced his writing. Novels like "Oliver Twist" (1837-1839) criticized the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, while "Hard Times" (1854) attacked utilitarian philosophy and industrial capitalism's dehumanizing effects. "Bleak House" (1852-1853) satirized the Court of Chancery's endless legal proceedings. Dickens combined social critique with entertainment, making serious issues accessible to wide audiences through serialization in periodicals. How did Dickens' personal experiences and literary techniques shape his approach to
Alternativas
Q3753593 Inglês
American English diverged from British English following colonial settlement in the 17th century, developing distinctive features through various influences. Noah Webster's "American Dictionary of the English Language" (1828) standardized American spelling (color vs colour, theater vs theatre). Regional dialects emerged from different settlement patterns: Southern American English, New England dialects, Midwestern English, and African American Vernacular English (AAVE). Immigration waves introduced vocabulary from Spanish, German, Italian, and other languages. The Great Vowel Shift had largely concluded before American colonization, meaning some features preserved older English pronunciations. What factors primarily contributed to American English developing as a distinct variety from British English?
Alternativas
Q3753592 Inglês
Read the passage below:

_____ is a game-based learning platform that makes English lessons more dynamic and engaging. Teachers can create interactive quizzes, surveys, and challenges that motivate students to participate actively. By answering questions in real time, learners improve vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension while having fun. The competitive element encourages focus and quick thinking. This tool also allows teachers to assess understanding instantly. It can be used to review content, introduce new topics, or prepare for exams. The colorful interface and background music help create a relaxed and enjoyable atmosphere. In group activities, students collaborate and communicate in English. Overall, this approach transforms traditional lessons into exciting and meaningful learning experiences.

Fill in the blank above and mark the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Respostas
3181: C
3182: C
3183: A
3184: D
3185: E
3186: B
3187: D
3188: A
3189: E
3190: B
3191: C
3192: D
3193: B
3194: A
3195: C
3196: A
3197: A
3198: C
3199: C
3200: C