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Google as well as Yahoo, Microsoft and AOL among
others are gearing up to keep a much closer eye on all of us,
so that within five years these and other firms will routinely
track our movements, friends, interests, purchases and
5 correspondence – then make money by helping marketers
take advantage of the information.
These companies' brash plans are pushing us toward a
thorny choice that will determine the future of computing.
Google and other Web-oriented, information-service giants are
10 determined to build a breathtaking array of services based on
your personal information, and they're betting you'll be willing
to share it with them in order for you to reap the benefits. But
if we cooperate and let them in on the details of our lives, we'll
lose much of our privacy, and possibly a lot more.
15 A privacy backlash, however, would stifle these potentially
revolutionary services before they get off the ground – and
leave the computer industry's biggest plans for growth in
tatters. That may be just what some people want. The U.S.
Congress is considering four bills that would make it illegal to
20 collect and share information online or through cell phones
about people without clearer warning and permission. These
sorts of restrictions are already in effect throughout much of
Europe, thanks in part to European Union directives on privacy
and electronic communications passed in 2002 and 2003.
25 The good news is that there's no reason to choose
between technology and privacy. New technologies are
emerging that can doctor our data so that companies know
just enough about us to ply us with customized services, while
preventing them from getting a clear picture of our private
lives. The question is again one of trust: in this case, whether
people will come to trust the companies that are trying to build
these new technologies.
(abridged from Next Frontiers in Newsweek, April 3, 2006)
Mark the one item which contains the best passive alternative for we'll lose much of our privacy (lines 13-14):
Instruction: Answer questions 41 to 53 based on the following text.
Why Learning Is A New Procrastination
- The tremendous world of online courses, blogs, social media, free eBooks, podcasts, and
- webinars provides the best ever opportunity to broaden your knowledge in almost every sphere
- you can imagine. Thanks to technological advancement and the instant access to the internet,
- everyone can now study from home. It seems like it would be foolishly not to seize this
- opportunity and improve your skills and knowledge. Moreover, you are kind of forced to do so
- since the contemporary world has raised the bar higher than ever before. It literally invited you
- to gather the pace and ___________ even more.
- It is not surprising that, ultimately, you try to be everywhere and do everything. No doubt,
- you do your best to constantly gather tiny bits of information from as many channels as
- possible, because you are afraid that you will fall behind if you stop. After all, you enter a
- learning crunch mode. You do not afford to miss anything and try to read every book you could
- get your hands on. You listen to every single podcast your smartphone could download and take
- every online course your paycheck would allow to take.
- All in all, you learn. As much as possible. As intense as you manage to. You learn how to
- write and publish a new book. You learn how to launch a successful blog. You learn how to hit
- your goal on Kickstarter. You learn how to build the next “unicorn”. You learn how to land a job
- of your dream. You learn how to successfully sell thousands of items on Amazon. You learn how
- to make millions of dollars in passive income.
- However, the problem is that you do everything except taking action. All those activities do
- not take you closer to the things you want to accomplish. Better knowledge does not make you
- more influential, powerful, and successful unless you apply it. The key secret to success is not
- ________ expertise, but the ability to use it.
- Knowledge is worthless unless it is applied. Needless to say that studying is crucial.
- However, the thing is that it should take the entirely new form now. You should stop learning
- from someone else’s experiences, knowledge, failures, and wins and start learning from your
- own mistakes, adventures, ___________, and bold actions.
- Learning has become a major trend of the 21st century. Sadly, it has also become a new
- form of procrastination. You consciously postpone the first step justifying this by your eagerness
- to broaden the knowledge and learn new things. You put the start date off justifying this by
- your desire to pick up new skills that would help you succeed faster. You procrastinate over
- chasing your own aspirations because doing the things on your own and creating your own story
- of success is far more complicated than reading about someone else’s one. Meanwhile, no one
- would really reproach you for wasting your time. Also, you feel comfortable about staying within
- this zone of ease and convenience forever.
- However, the point is that you already have and know everything you need to start off. In
- fact, there is nothing more you need to learn in order to take the first step. Embrace the truth.
- No matter how good your theoretical knowledge is, you will face a lot of obstacles while
- applying it. You will have to deal with issues that have never been described or covered in any
- book. You will have to look for the solutions and make the spontaneous decisions that no one
- probably has ever thought of. You will have to design your own road to success.
- Transform your learning process from the continuous the procrastination into an
- unstoppable process of absorbing invaluable expertise based on your own experience. It might
- seem counterintuitive, but the old-fashioned way of learning is what holds you back. This is
- what makes your triumphs suck.
- Constant learning, evaluating of ideas, thinking, and visualizing your journey towards your
- major aspirations will not take you far from the place you are now. Actions will. You can sit and
- research, and research, and research, while someone else is already reaping huge rewards for
- his or her fruitful and hard work. Stop learning now. Become bold enough to take the first step
- and start learning from your own experience.
Source: https://medium.com/the-coffeelicious/why-learning-is-a-new-procrastination-104b53107e8b
Consider the following extract from the text and the sentences that follow:
“You will have to deal with issues that have never been described or covered in any book. You will have to look for the solutions and make the spontaneous decisions that no one probably has ever thought of.”
I. ‘have never been described’ is in the past perfect.
II. ‘will have to look for’ is in the future perfect.
III. ‘has ever thought of’ is in the passive voice.
Which ones are INCORRECT?
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 1 a 9.
Valdivia Figurines and the appeal of 'the oldest'
(1º§) The logo for the Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture website is about my favourite thing of the afternoon which is saying a lot since I spent much of the day reading about giant Olmec heads. Three Valdivia Figurines in the colours of the Ecuadorian flag? I am sold! Golly, I love Valdivia figurines for all the right and all the wrong reasons.
(2º§) There are two things that can easily be said about Valdivia figurines: they are VERY Ecuadorian and they are VERY looted. The first explains why they appear prominently on the Ministry of Culture website (and on stencilled graffiti around Quito circa 2007). Ancient Ecuador has played second fiddle to Ancient Peru since the early days of archaeology. The Valdivia culture, however, represents something that Peru doesn't have, 'the oldest'. Everyone loves 'the oldest', national pride, etc. etc.
(3º§) Who else loves 'the oldest'? Collectors and Museums. If the Valdivia pottery sequence is the oldest in the new world, collectors want a slice of that pie. Heck, even better than some junky pottery, the Valdivia made interesting figurines: lovely ladies that look good on stark black backgrounds in auction catalogues. They are part of 'the oldest' yet they also look good.
(4º§) Valdivia sites are famously looted and Valdivia figurines are famously faked. A few years back I started doing some initial work into looting in Ecuador (which led to fieldwork in Quito and the cloud forest that didn't really go anywhere as of yet) and I, like anyone else going down that road, came across Bruhns and Hammond's 1983 Journal of Field Archaeology piece 'A Visit to Valdivia'. Knowing nothing at all about Ecuador at the time, I had never heard of Valdivia, a wonder since the only Ecuadorian archaeology books that Cambridge owns are a few by the late Betty Meggars and Emilio Estrada from the 1950s and 1960s which link uber-ancient Ecuador to Jomon Period Japan (yeah...I know). As Bruhns and Hammond relate, Meggars detected faking at Valdivia immediately after the start of her excavations: practical jokers who discovered a market for their copies. As the market for the pieces grew, the presumed fakes get more and more elaborate and fanciful...and Valdivia sites were just looted to pieces.
(5º§) So really with Valdivia we are left with a situation where we don't know what is real. It is directly comparable to the Cycladic Figurine problem: the corpus is mostly looted, it contains tons of forms not found in the limited archaeological excavations that have been conducted, and we intellectual consumers of artefacts don't know what to believe. To me Valdivia figurines are the perfect looting Catch 22: they warrant study so that the interested public can learn about 'the oldest', but they can't be studied because collectors wanted 'the oldest' so sites were looted and buckets of fakes were produced.
(6º§) In 2007 I bought a fake Valdivia figurine in Otavalo which now stands in a Spondylus shell on my counter and watches me cook. The fella selling it to me told me it was real. I knew it wasn't but made to put it back saying something along the lines that law breaking makes me sick. He quickly agreed that it wasn't real and cut his asking price by a ton. Que Sera. Three cheers, Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture, your logo is the best.
https://www.anonymousswisscollector.com/2012/09/valdivia-figurines-a
nd-appeal-of-oldest.html
Which sentence in the text contains a passive construction?
O "said" e o "told" são formas no passado que utilizamos no discurso indireto. Ambos significam "disse", e são utilizados nas mesmas situações.