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Q2407707 Inglês
Text CB4A1


      When parties to a private law dispute are based in different countries, or the facts and issues giving rise to the dispute cross national borders, questions of private international law arise. In which country’s courts should the parties litigate their dispute? Which country’s law should be applied to resolve it? How can the judgment be enforced in another country? Private international law is the body of domestic law that supplies the rules used to determine these questions.

      Problems of private international law are by no means a recent phenomenon. The conditions that give rise to problems of private international law date from at least the fourth century BC. The problems are, however, becoming more difficult and increasingly pervasive because modern technologies challenge the territorial premise on which the existing rules of private international law have been developed.

      In this respect, the advent of the Internet in the late 1980s has been a catalyst of socio-economic change that has posed significant challenges for private international law. More recent innovations, such as crypto-tokens and distributed ledgers, add novel and arguably intractable problems to these existing challenges.

      The British Law Commission has a project that particularly focuses on crypto-tokens, electronic bills of lading, and electronic bills of exchange. This is because these assets are prevalent in market practice, whilst also posing novel theoretical challenges to the methods by which issues of private international law have traditionally been resolved.


Internet: <lawcom.gov.uk> (adapted).
According to text CB4A1, the factor that most significantly contributes to the increasing difficulty of resolving disputes related to private international law is
Alternativas
Q2394194 Inglês

Text CG1A2-II 


    The enormity of the global climate crisis is so vast that individual actions may seem meaningless: can installing LED lighting in my home or keeping my car tires inflated really help save the polar bears? 


    First coined by Portland, Oregon-based writer Emma Pattee, the climate shadow aims to paint a picture of the full sum of one’s choices — and the impact they have on the planet. 


    In an article she wrote in 2021, Pattee detailed her concept for measuring an individual’s impact: “Your climate shadow is a dark shape stretching out behind you. Everywhere you go, it goes too, tallying not just your air conditioning use and the gas mileage of your car, but also how you vote, how many children you choose to have, where you work, how you invest your money, how much you talk about climate change, and whether your words amplify urgency, apathy, or denial.” The larger the shadow — the greater an individual’s impact on doing good for the planet.

 

    In other words, rather than incentivizing purely individual actions, your climate shadow grows when those actions inspire others, knowingly or otherwise. 


Kieran Mulvaney. Climate shadow is what really matters.

National Geographic (adapted). 

Choose the correct option based on text CG1A2-II. 
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Q2394193 Inglês
Text CG1A2-I 

    William Shakespeare (baptized April 26, 1564, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England — died April 23, 1616, Stratford-upon-Avon) was an English poet, dramatist, and actor often called the English national poet and considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. 

    Stratford enjoyed a grammar school of good quality, and the education there was free, the schoolmaster’s salary being paid by the borough. No lists of the pupils who were at the school in the 16th century have survived, but it would be absurd to suppose the bailiff of the town did not send his son there. The boy’s education would consist mostly of Latin studies — learning to read, write, and speak the language fairly well and studying some of the Classical historians, moralists, and poets. Shakespeare did not go on to the university, and indeed it is unlikely that the scholarly round of logic, rhetoric, and other studies then followed there would have interested him. 

Terence John Bew Spencer, John Russell Brown, and David Bevington.
William Shakespeare. Encyclopedia Britannica (adapted). 
About the ideas and the linguistic aspects of text CG1A2-I, choose the correct option. 
Alternativas
Q2394192 Inglês
Text CG1A2-I 

    William Shakespeare (baptized April 26, 1564, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England — died April 23, 1616, Stratford-upon-Avon) was an English poet, dramatist, and actor often called the English national poet and considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. 

    Stratford enjoyed a grammar school of good quality, and the education there was free, the schoolmaster’s salary being paid by the borough. No lists of the pupils who were at the school in the 16th century have survived, but it would be absurd to suppose the bailiff of the town did not send his son there. The boy’s education would consist mostly of Latin studies — learning to read, write, and speak the language fairly well and studying some of the Classical historians, moralists, and poets. Shakespeare did not go on to the university, and indeed it is unlikely that the scholarly round of logic, rhetoric, and other studies then followed there would have interested him. 

Terence John Bew Spencer, John Russell Brown, and David Bevington.
William Shakespeare. Encyclopedia Britannica (adapted). 
Based on text CG1A2-I, judge the following items.

I It can be inferred from the sentence “Stratford enjoyed a grammar school of good quality” that the school in Stratford that time taught only grammatical topics.
II Although there are no school records available, it is believed that Shakespeare attended the Stratford grammar school.
III It is correct to infer from the text that Shakespeare’s father was the bailiff of the town.
IV In school, Shakespeare did not like subjects about logic and rhetoric.

Choose the correct option. 
Alternativas
Q2389806 Inglês

        Drones are an integral part of the defense and supply-chain industry. However, their prowess and versatility extend beyond these sectors. As the demand for UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) continues to increase, the drone market is now estimated to be valued at over 127 billion dollars.


        These uncrewed aircrafts can potentially develop numerous sectors, including transport and travel, exponentially. This is primarily due to their remarkable evolution of collision-avoidance technologies through computer vision and artificial intelligence, allowing them to operate autonomously.


        The dynamic innovation of drone transportation can positively impact emergency services by decreasing emergency response time, offering valuable data from inaccessible regions, and identifying victims via thermal imaging.


Though the concept of a UAV emerges from being “unmanned,” its autonomous power can be used to create functional, personal transportation. Well-known companies like Uber, Airbus, and Boeing are constantly working on developing self-flying drones that can take people from one place to another. 


        In conclusion, drone transportation has a lot of untapped potential beyond supply chain and security surveillance. Whether it is for emergencies, luxury, or space exploration, the future is optimistic for the travel industry.


Internet: <www.skygrid.com> (adapted).




Based on the previous text, judge the following item. 


The word “their” (second sentence of the second paragraph) refers back to “sectors” (first sentence of the second paragraph).  

Alternativas
Respostas
16: B
17: D
18: E
19: D
20: E