Analise as afirmativas abaixo sobre o desenvolvimento cognitivo na adolescência e assinale a alternativa CORRETA, considerando as implicações pedagógicas na transição para o estágio das operações formais. 

As teorias de aquisição de segunda língua influenciam diretamente a prática docente. Analise as afirmativas abaixo sobre a Hipótese do Insumo (Input Hypothesis) e a Hipótese da Produção (Output Hypothesis) e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

I.A Hipótese do Insumo, proposta por Stephen Krashen, sugere que o aprendizado ocorre quando o aprendiz é exposto a mensagens compreensíveis que estão um nível acima da sua competência atual (i + 1).
II.De acordo com a Hipótese da Produção de Merrill Swain, o ato de produzir a língua (fala ou escrita) obriga o aprendiz a processar sintaticamente o idioma, movendo-o do processamento semântico superficial para o gramatical profundo.
III.Ambas as teorias defendem que o aprendizado de uma língua estrangeira ocorre exclusivamente através da memorização mecânica de regras gramaticais isoladas, sem a necessidade de interação social ou contextos comunicativos reais.

Está correto o que se afirma em:

 A Pedagogia Crítica no ensino de Língua Inglesa propõe o desenvolvimento da consciência social através do idioma. Analise as afirmativas abaixo e assinale a alternativa CORRETA sobre a concepção de "Letramento Crítico" (Critical Literacy) aplicada à educação linguística. 

 O manejo de sala de aula e a construção da disciplina são desafios cotidianos no ambiente escolar. Analise as afirmativas abaixo sobre a gestão de limites na perspectiva de uma "Disciplina Positiva" e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.

The integration of a Project-Based Learning (PBL) approach in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom requires specific pedagogical adjustments. Regarding the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) and lesson planning, mark T, for true, and F, for false:

(__)The "Driving Question" in a Project-Based Learning (PBL) plan should be a closed-ended question with a single correct answer to ensure that all students achieve the same linguistic proficiency levels during the project's execution.
(__)Effective Project-Based Learning (PBL) planning must include "Scaffolding" strategies, which provide temporary support for students to handle complex linguistic tasks that are slightly beyond their current level of independent proficiency.
(__)A project's final product must necessarily be a written essay, as other forms of expression, such as digital presentations or podcasts, do not allow for the assessment of communicative competence in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context.
(__)The assessment in Project-Based Learning (PBL) should be purely summative, occurring only at the end of the project to determine the students' final grades based on the quality of the final artifact without considering the learning process.

A After analysis, mark the option that presents the CORRECT sequence from top to bottom:

Lev Vygotsky's socio-constructivist theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction in cognitive development. Regarding the concepts of "Zone of Proximal Development" (ZPD) and mediation in language learning, mark T, for true, and F, for false:

(__)The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the distance between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with the guidance and encouragement of a more knowledgeable other (MKO).
(__)In the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, mediation occurs only through the use of technological tools like computers or tablets, excluding the teacher's verbal interventions as a form of mediation.
(__)For effective mediation to occur, the teacher must provide tasks that are far beyond the student's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), ensuring that the learner feels frustrated enough to seek independent solutions.
(__)Socio-constructivist mediation suggests that peer interaction during group activities in the English classroom can facilitate the internalisation of new linguistic structures through collaborative dialogue.

After analysis, mark the option that presents the CORRECT sequence from top to bottom: