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There is an example of the present perfect tense in the extract “Even though the fighting had ended and the schools were open again, there were still Taliban throughout the city.” (lines 24 and 25). 

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In the period “Even though the fighting had ended and the schools were open again, there were still Taliban throughout the city.” (lines 24 and 25), “throughout” is an example of preposition which means sobre in Portuguese. 

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“Eventually” (line 22) is an example of a false cognate and it could be correctly replaced by finally. 

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In the sentence “He asked ‘Who is Malala?’ and said he would kill them all if they didn't tell him.” (line 28), “He” and “they” are examples of subject pronouns and work as the subject of the verb, while “them” and “him” are object pronouns. 

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There are three examples of indefinite articles in the period: “She dreamt of one day becoming a teacher, a doctor, or a politician” (line 7). 

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“The doctors weren't sure if she would live or have brain damage, but Malala had survived.” (line 30) can be translated as Os médicos não conseguiam dar certeza se ela sobreviveria ou teria graves sequelas, mas Malala sobrevivera.

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I am Malala is the name of a book written by her father. It was a best-seller. 

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Malala received a Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 and gave a speech to the United Nations the same year. 

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The fragment “Despite being worried about the safety of his family, Malala’s father agreed to let Malala write a blog for the BBC.” (lines 18 and 19) can be correctly translated into Portuguese as Apesar de estar preocupado com a segurança de sua família, o pai de Malala concordou em deixá-la escrever o blog para a BBC.

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A few people who participated in the survey discovered they were better off than their ancestors. 

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People who research their ancestors only wanted to find famous relatives.

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People study national or world history at school.

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The text suggests that genealogy consists in drawing family trees at school. 

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In the second line, “rather than” is used to say that one thing is preferred to another or happens instead of another.  

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The adjective “wealthier” (line 8) means less rich.

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The relative pronoun “who” (line 5) can be correctly replaced with that. 

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There is an occurrence of the past perfect tense in the line 6.

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The sentence “The Internet enables millions of people worldwide to access information about their family history, without great expense” (lines 3 and 4) can be correctly rewritten as The Internet allows millions of people around the world to access information about their family history, without any costs, without changing its meaning.

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In the sentence “It doesn't merely involve drawing a family tree” (line 2), the auxiliary “doesn't” is conjugated in the 3^rd person singular to agree with the subject “It”.