Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
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World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
Considering text VII, judge the items below.
to 30:
Anthony Harrington, American Ambassador in
Brazil
From 1999 through 2001
"Because I departed my post less than a year
ago, the changes have been neither entirely
monumental nor unforeseen. Most prominently
perhaps, Brazil has faced the effects of the severe
economic challenges of neighboring Argentina,
together with an international slow-down. Two
things stand out in this regard: first, Brazil is
weathering the storm better than most observers
anticipated, primarily because Brazil, under
President Cardoso, has already implemented
much of the key reform with which others are
struggling. Secondly, Brazil is uniquely positioned
and well-disposed to play a constructive role in
helping its neighbor through this storm.
Otherwise, I am pleased that Presidents Bush
and Cardoso are off to a positive start in their
relationship, beginning with an early visit in
Washington before I left Brasilia and another good
meeting recently".
to 30:
Anthony Harrington, American Ambassador in
Brazil
From 1999 through 2001
"Because I departed my post less than a year
ago, the changes have been neither entirely
monumental nor unforeseen. Most prominently
perhaps, Brazil has faced the effects of the severe
economic challenges of neighboring Argentina,
together with an international slow-down. Two
things stand out in this regard: first, Brazil is
weathering the storm better than most observers
anticipated, primarily because Brazil, under
President Cardoso, has already implemented
much of the key reform with which others are
struggling. Secondly, Brazil is uniquely positioned
and well-disposed to play a constructive role in
helping its neighbor through this storm.
Otherwise, I am pleased that Presidents Bush
and Cardoso are off to a positive start in their
relationship, beginning with an early visit in
Washington before I left Brasilia and another good
meeting recently".
to 30:
Anthony Harrington, American Ambassador in
Brazil
From 1999 through 2001
"Because I departed my post less than a year
ago, the changes have been neither entirely
monumental nor unforeseen. Most prominently
perhaps, Brazil has faced the effects of the severe
economic challenges of neighboring Argentina,
together with an international slow-down. Two
things stand out in this regard: first, Brazil is
weathering the storm better than most observers
anticipated, primarily because Brazil, under
President Cardoso, has already implemented
much of the key reform with which others are
struggling. Secondly, Brazil is uniquely positioned
and well-disposed to play a constructive role in
helping its neighbor through this storm.
Otherwise, I am pleased that Presidents Bush
and Cardoso are off to a positive start in their
relationship, beginning with an early visit in
Washington before I left Brasilia and another good
meeting recently".
to 30:
Anthony Harrington, American Ambassador in
Brazil
From 1999 through 2001
"Because I departed my post less than a year
ago, the changes have been neither entirely
monumental nor unforeseen. Most prominently
perhaps, Brazil has faced the effects of the severe
economic challenges of neighboring Argentina,
together with an international slow-down. Two
things stand out in this regard: first, Brazil is
weathering the storm better than most observers
anticipated, primarily because Brazil, under
President Cardoso, has already implemented
much of the key reform with which others are
struggling. Secondly, Brazil is uniquely positioned
and well-disposed to play a constructive role in
helping its neighbor through this storm.
Otherwise, I am pleased that Presidents Bush
and Cardoso are off to a positive start in their
relationship, beginning with an early visit in
Washington before I left Brasilia and another good
meeting recently".
to 30:
Anthony Harrington, American Ambassador in
Brazil
From 1999 through 2001
"Because I departed my post less than a year
ago, the changes have been neither entirely
monumental nor unforeseen. Most prominently
perhaps, Brazil has faced the effects of the severe
economic challenges of neighboring Argentina,
together with an international slow-down. Two
things stand out in this regard: first, Brazil is
weathering the storm better than most observers
anticipated, primarily because Brazil, under
President Cardoso, has already implemented
much of the key reform with which others are
struggling. Secondly, Brazil is uniquely positioned
and well-disposed to play a constructive role in
helping its neighbor through this storm.
Otherwise, I am pleased that Presidents Bush
and Cardoso are off to a positive start in their
relationship, beginning with an early visit in
Washington before I left Brasilia and another good
meeting recently".
to 25:
Mercosur
Mercosur is by far the most successful in a
long history of attempts to promote economic
integration in South America. It was born out of an
early-Eighties process of détente between Brazil
and Argentina, which during the Seventies had
often suffered from strained relationships between
their respective military governments.
The trade between Mercosur countries and
the rest of the world grew 79% in the period 1990-
98, but over the same time trade between
Mercosur members jumped five-fold, from US$4.1
billion to US$21.4 billion.
Mercosur member countries have said they
plan to strengthen their regional pact as a
precursor to joining with other hemispheric
neighbors in creating a Free Trade Area of the
Americas- FTAA. Pact members have also
declared the intention of negotiating as a bloc with
the European Union.
to 25:
Mercosur
Mercosur is by far the most successful in a
long history of attempts to promote economic
integration in South America. It was born out of an
early-Eighties process of détente between Brazil
and Argentina, which during the Seventies had
often suffered from strained relationships between
their respective military governments.
The trade between Mercosur countries and
the rest of the world grew 79% in the period 1990-
98, but over the same time trade between
Mercosur members jumped five-fold, from US$4.1
billion to US$21.4 billion.
Mercosur member countries have said they
plan to strengthen their regional pact as a
precursor to joining with other hemispheric
neighbors in creating a Free Trade Area of the
Americas- FTAA. Pact members have also
declared the intention of negotiating as a bloc with
the European Union.
to 25:
Mercosur
Mercosur is by far the most successful in a
long history of attempts to promote economic
integration in South America. It was born out of an
early-Eighties process of détente between Brazil
and Argentina, which during the Seventies had
often suffered from strained relationships between
their respective military governments.
The trade between Mercosur countries and
the rest of the world grew 79% in the period 1990-
98, but over the same time trade between
Mercosur members jumped five-fold, from US$4.1
billion to US$21.4 billion.
Mercosur member countries have said they
plan to strengthen their regional pact as a
precursor to joining with other hemispheric
neighbors in creating a Free Trade Area of the
Americas- FTAA. Pact members have also
declared the intention of negotiating as a bloc with
the European Union.
to 25:
Mercosur
Mercosur is by far the most successful in a
long history of attempts to promote economic
integration in South America. It was born out of an
early-Eighties process of détente between Brazil
and Argentina, which during the Seventies had
often suffered from strained relationships between
their respective military governments.
The trade between Mercosur countries and
the rest of the world grew 79% in the period 1990-
98, but over the same time trade between
Mercosur members jumped five-fold, from US$4.1
billion to US$21.4 billion.
Mercosur member countries have said they
plan to strengthen their regional pact as a
precursor to joining with other hemispheric
neighbors in creating a Free Trade Area of the
Americas- FTAA. Pact members have also
declared the intention of negotiating as a bloc with
the European Union.
to 25:
Mercosur
Mercosur is by far the most successful in a
long history of attempts to promote economic
integration in South America. It was born out of an
early-Eighties process of détente between Brazil
and Argentina, which during the Seventies had
often suffered from strained relationships between
their respective military governments.
The trade between Mercosur countries and
the rest of the world grew 79% in the period 1990-
98, but over the same time trade between
Mercosur members jumped five-fold, from US$4.1
billion to US$21.4 billion.
Mercosur member countries have said they
plan to strengthen their regional pact as a
precursor to joining with other hemispheric
neighbors in creating a Free Trade Area of the
Americas- FTAA. Pact members have also
declared the intention of negotiating as a bloc with
the European Union.
to 20:
Brazil-UK Relations
Brazilian President Fernando Henrique
Cardoso paid a brief visit to the United Kingdom
on 27-28 October 2001, accepting a last minute
invitation by British Prime Minister Tony Blair for a
private meeting. The two leaders met at
Chequers, Buckinghamshire, and were joined by
former American President Bill Clinton.
During the meeting, Blair and Cardoso had
the opportunity to discuss current global affairs
issues such as the ongoing international
campaign against terrorism, the forthcoming
World Trade Organization meeting in Doha and
the reform of the United Nations Security Council.
Speaking to the press before departing for
France, President Cardoso stated that during the
meeting they had agreed on the need for
immediate reform of the UN Security Council so
that the "fate of countries is not decided by a small
group of nations, as it is today".
to 20:
Brazil-UK Relations
Brazilian President Fernando Henrique
Cardoso paid a brief visit to the United Kingdom
on 27-28 October 2001, accepting a last minute
invitation by British Prime Minister Tony Blair for a
private meeting. The two leaders met at
Chequers, Buckinghamshire, and were joined by
former American President Bill Clinton.
During the meeting, Blair and Cardoso had
the opportunity to discuss current global affairs
issues such as the ongoing international
campaign against terrorism, the forthcoming
World Trade Organization meeting in Doha and
the reform of the United Nations Security Council.
Speaking to the press before departing for
France, President Cardoso stated that during the
meeting they had agreed on the need for
immediate reform of the UN Security Council so
that the "fate of countries is not decided by a small
group of nations, as it is today".
to 20:
Brazil-UK Relations
Brazilian President Fernando Henrique
Cardoso paid a brief visit to the United Kingdom
on 27-28 October 2001, accepting a last minute
invitation by British Prime Minister Tony Blair for a
private meeting. The two leaders met at
Chequers, Buckinghamshire, and were joined by
former American President Bill Clinton.
During the meeting, Blair and Cardoso had
the opportunity to discuss current global affairs
issues such as the ongoing international
campaign against terrorism, the forthcoming
World Trade Organization meeting in Doha and
the reform of the United Nations Security Council.
Speaking to the press before departing for
France, President Cardoso stated that during the
meeting they had agreed on the need for
immediate reform of the UN Security Council so
that the "fate of countries is not decided by a small
group of nations, as it is today".
to 20:
Brazil-UK Relations
Brazilian President Fernando Henrique
Cardoso paid a brief visit to the United Kingdom
on 27-28 October 2001, accepting a last minute
invitation by British Prime Minister Tony Blair for a
private meeting. The two leaders met at
Chequers, Buckinghamshire, and were joined by
former American President Bill Clinton.
During the meeting, Blair and Cardoso had
the opportunity to discuss current global affairs
issues such as the ongoing international
campaign against terrorism, the forthcoming
World Trade Organization meeting in Doha and
the reform of the United Nations Security Council.
Speaking to the press before departing for
France, President Cardoso stated that during the
meeting they had agreed on the need for
immediate reform of the UN Security Council so
that the "fate of countries is not decided by a small
group of nations, as it is today".
to 20:
Brazil-UK Relations
Brazilian President Fernando Henrique
Cardoso paid a brief visit to the United Kingdom
on 27-28 October 2001, accepting a last minute
invitation by British Prime Minister Tony Blair for a
private meeting. The two leaders met at
Chequers, Buckinghamshire, and were joined by
former American President Bill Clinton.
During the meeting, Blair and Cardoso had
the opportunity to discuss current global affairs
issues such as the ongoing international
campaign against terrorism, the forthcoming
World Trade Organization meeting in Doha and
the reform of the United Nations Security Council.
Speaking to the press before departing for
France, President Cardoso stated that during the
meeting they had agreed on the need for
immediate reform of the UN Security Council so
that the "fate of countries is not decided by a small
group of nations, as it is today".

In the continuation of Text 3, choose the option that best completes it to answer the question.
The _________ is Internet access. But low earth orbit satellites may soon change everything. With this revolutionary new technology, poor telephone communications will be a thing of the past and suddenly being rural won't matter.

In the continuation of Text 3, choose the option that best completes it to answer the question.
we may find new models of education that can be used in _____________ parts of the world - rich and poor, urban and rural.

In the continuation of Text 3, choose the option that best completes it to answer the question.
My advice to political leaders in developing nations: adopt an educational strategy
that focuses digital technology on primary education, particularly in the poorest and most
rural areas. The mission is to learn a lot more about learning itself . ___________ the process
