TEXT TWO

                          Kythnos Aeolic Park: The Aeolic and Photovoltaic

                               Energy Park on Kythnos Greece, Cyclades

The Aeolic Park on Kythnos: The calm island of Kythnos in the Cyclades hides an innovative technology site, which can feed the power requirements of the whole island while being extremely eco-friendly. The Aeolic and Photovoltaic energy park close to the capital village, Chora, generates electrical power from the heavy winds and the sunlight.

Before 1983 the power requirements of Kythnos were fed using diesel generators. But it was a costly and unreliable source as the tourist influx of summer season increased the energy requirement of the coastal villages by up to 8 times that of the winter. Installation of the five 20 kw wind turbines on the island helped in supplying most of the winter power, so in summer it worked in conjunction with the diesel generators to supply an overload to the stable power grid.

Later Photovoltaic Solar panel modules were installed in 1983. The Battery Inverter system of the park can supply 500kw for 10min to the whole island during peak hours or emergency loads. New turbines have been added to the park today as well as an advanced autonomous control system for the production of more energy.

                          http://www.greeka.com/cyclades/kythnos/kythnos-excursions/kythnos-aeolic-park.htm

TEXT TWO

                          Kythnos Aeolic Park: The Aeolic and Photovoltaic

                               Energy Park on Kythnos Greece, Cyclades

The Aeolic Park on Kythnos: The calm island of Kythnos in the Cyclades hides an innovative technology site, which can feed the power requirements of the whole island while being extremely eco-friendly. The Aeolic and Photovoltaic energy park close to the capital village, Chora, generates electrical power from the heavy winds and the sunlight.

Before 1983 the power requirements of Kythnos were fed using diesel generators. But it was a costly and unreliable source as the tourist influx of summer season increased the energy requirement of the coastal villages by up to 8 times that of the winter. Installation of the five 20 kw wind turbines on the island helped in supplying most of the winter power, so in summer it worked in conjunction with the diesel generators to supply an overload to the stable power grid.

Later Photovoltaic Solar panel modules were installed in 1983. The Battery Inverter system of the park can supply 500kw for 10min to the whole island during peak hours or emergency loads. New turbines have been added to the park today as well as an advanced autonomous control system for the production of more energy.

                          http://www.greeka.com/cyclades/kythnos/kythnos-excursions/kythnos-aeolic-park.htm

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

Instructions – Questions on this test are taken from the two texts below. Read them carefully and then choose the correct alternatives that answer the questions or complete the statements placed immediately after each of them.

TEXT ONE

                                            Wind Power

Wind power exploits the kinetic energy of wind in wind turbines to generate other forms of power, especially mechanical power and electricity. It is considered one of the most used forms of renewable energies: the term wind power describes the power generated from no-fossil sources, whose use has a very significant environmental importance by assuring both minor air pollution and reduction of gas carbon emission rate. Another positive aspect related to its use is the exceptional cost/production ratio.

Wind and Aeolic Generators

Air generators, the technical name for pinwheel, divide into various categories according to: the Aeolian generator that can be either on horizontal or on vertical axis, the number of shovels (from one to three) and the lengths of shovels (from fifty centimetres to thirty meters).

Air generators are constituted by: a rotor (a pivot on which are inserted shovels), a stopping system for shovels block; a turns’ multiplier to increase shovels’ speed, a generator that enables to convert mechanical power into electricity; and a control system that manages the pinwheel functionality (and that, in overloaded or malfunctioning eventuality, blocks it); some air generators, generally the bigger ones, have also a system that provides a constant alignment between the rotor axis and the wind direction.

Wind Farms

The “Wind Farms” are real power stations: they originate from the connection of several air generators located within a fixed distance from each other in order to avoid dangerous interferences among them.

Some Wind Farms, named Off-Shore, are located into the sea, near coasts and lakes; they are a valuable option also in densely populated countries.

The history of wind plants in Italy is almost recent; the first air generator, installed in Sardinia, dates back to 1989; up to now we can say that the wind power use is considerably increased: the number of wind plants is raised up to around forty. 

Air Generators

Anyway, it is of note that this form of energy has some negative aspects: from an environmental point of view, even if they reduce the gas emissions rates, they have a negative landscape/visual impact. In addition, because air generators are fairly noisy, the noise pollution can annoy persons and animals that take also other risks: birds can be killed while flying across shoves, even if this rarely happens; there is also the problem of interferences, and of the magnetic fields creation, but this can be avoided by using small expedients.

To finish with, it is worth saying that wind power considerably reduces both gas and polluters emissions, which is on the contrary avoidable from normal power stations.

                                                                                  http://www.rheonetic.com/wind-power/wind-power/

                        Patient Confidentiality and Recordkeeping

      Privacy is a patient right. Dentists have an ethical and legal responsibility to safeguard patient information. Patient information includes such information as personal data, medical history, diagnosis, treatment, and financial situation.

      Patient information should be shared only on a need-to-know basis with those who participate in the care of the patient. ....CONECTIVO... disclosure is required or permitted by law, patient information should not be shared with anyone without the patient's written permission. Court orders, subpoenas and investigations by the Office of Professional Discipline are examples of disclosures that may be required even in the absence of the patient's consent.

      Health professionals are required to maintain records for each patient that accurately reflect the evaluation and treatment of the patient according to section 29.2(a)(3) of the Rules of the Board of Regents. All patient records must be retained for at least six years, with the exception of records for minor patients, which must be maintained for at least six years and for one year after the minor patient reaches the age of 21.

(Adapted from NY State Education Department − Office of the Professions: http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/dent/ dentpracticeguide.htm) 

                        Patient Confidentiality and Recordkeeping

      Privacy is a patient right. Dentists have an ethical and legal responsibility to safeguard patient information. Patient information includes such information as personal data, medical history, diagnosis, treatment, and financial situation.

      Patient information should be shared only on a need-to-know basis with those who participate in the care of the patient. ....CONECTIVO... disclosure is required or permitted by law, patient information should not be shared with anyone without the patient's written permission. Court orders, subpoenas and investigations by the Office of Professional Discipline are examples of disclosures that may be required even in the absence of the patient's consent.

      Health professionals are required to maintain records for each patient that accurately reflect the evaluation and treatment of the patient according to section 29.2(a)(3) of the Rules of the Board of Regents. All patient records must be retained for at least six years, with the exception of records for minor patients, which must be maintained for at least six years and for one year after the minor patient reaches the age of 21.

(Adapted from NY State Education Department − Office of the Professions: http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/dent/ dentpracticeguide.htm) 

 Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:                          

Environmental law in Brazil

      BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.

      Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.

      The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.

       Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.

      Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a) 

 Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:                          

Environmental law in Brazil

      BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.

      Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.

      The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.

       Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.

      Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a) 

 Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:                          

Environmental law in Brazil

      BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.

      Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.

      The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.

       Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.

      Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a) 

 Para responder a questão, considere o texto a seguir:                          

Environmental law in Brazil

      BRAZIL’S gridlocked Congress often ends up passing contentious laws only after the combatants collapse in exhaustion. So it is with the revision of the Forest Code, a set of rules that, ...A... the name, apply to all privately owned rural land, not just plots in wooded areas. The code, originally approved in 1965, requires owners to keep native vegetation on parts of their land − 80% in the Amazon, less elsewhere − and in erosion-prone and biodiverse areas such as riverbanks and mangrove swamps. But it was long ignored.

      Since harsher penalties and enforcement were introduced in the late 1990s the ruralistas, as Brazil’s powerful farming lobby is known, have been trying to revise the code. On April 25th, after 13 years of arguments, rewrites and stalling, the final text landed on the desk of the president, Dilma Rousseff. It was far from the version she wanted. Two government defeats in the ruralista-packed lower house meant it contained few of her own previous revisions or those of the more green-friendly Senate.

      The president faced a difficult choice: to scrap the text and start again − which would probably be taken as a declaration of war by the ruralistas − or to make the best of a bad job. She chose the latter. On May 25th ministers went to Congress to say that the president would veto 12 of the new code’s 84 articles and make 32 smaller cuts. The resulting holes would be backfilled in a separate executive decree. Only on May 28th were the details published.

       Under Ms Rousseff’s veto, the amnesty sought by ruralistas will apply only to smallholders, who will still have to replant 20% of their plots. Everyone else will have five years to right past wrongs and add their properties to a new Rural Environmental Register. Holdouts will be denied bank loans and face prosecution.

      Rubens Ricupero, one of ten former environment ministers consulted by the president before the veto, praises her attempt to strike a balance. Treating small landowners more leniently was both practical, he thinks − they account for 90% of rural properties by number but just 24% by area − and socially just: few could afford much replanting.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/node/21556245?zid=305&ah=417bd5664dc76da5d98af4f7a640fd8a)