Based on Text I, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) The New London Group (NLG) coined the term ‘literacy’. ( ) One of the factors that triggered a change in the concept of being literate was digital communications media. ( ) The concept of multiliteracies disregards the diversity of discourses.
The statements are, respectively,

Active Learning Strategy is a teaching technique that increases student engagement in daily lessons. This technique can also help teachers to become more actively engaged in how they teach the curriculum and how they develop each student’s learning potential.
Choose the alternative that presents an active learning strategy.

Analyze the sentences according to structure and grammar use.

1. The verbs been (2^nd paragraph), lost (1st paragraph) has its infinitive form as “to be” and “loose”.
2. The words might and may in the 4^th paragraph are called nonfinite verbs.
3. The negative form of the sentence This electric charge then causes changes in the surrounding air or water(…), is This electric charge then doesn’t cause changes in the surrounding air or water(…).
4. The words we, our, and us from the text (paragraphs 2, 3 and 5) are, respectively, personal pronoun, possessive adjective and objective pronoun.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.

The sentence The same kind of electric charge, like the small bolt of lightning felt in the experiment at Rutgers, may have been responsible (paragraph 3) is grammatically equivalent to which alternative?

There are a variety of teaching methods and strategies available to teachers to help their students learn or develop knowledge and skills.
Choose the alternative that contains some examples of teaching methods and strategies.

In the sentence, This electric charge then causes changes in the surrounding air or water, which animals may be able to sense before humans do (paragraph 3), the underlined relative pronoun which refers to:

Mark the alternative which contains the correct meaning of the underlined words from the text.

Why is the title of the article, “Predicting the unpredictable,” appropriate?

Analyze the following sentences according to the information in paragraph 3.

1. The team at Rutgers was experimenting with creating electric signals.
2. None of the physicists expected pharmaceutical powders to stick together.
3. The small lightning bolt, or electric charge, followed a short time after the powder had fallen apart.
4. The electrical charge only affected powders that have fallen apart suddenly.
5. In the experiment, the electric charge always appeared before the materials fell apart.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.

Choose the alternative that presents the correct words that are missing in the last paragraph.

Read paragraph 2 and, according to its information mark the correct alternative.

After reading the text carefully, we can infer that the main intention of the author of the article is to:

Study these sentences and decide if they are true ( T ) or false ( F ), according to the article.

( ) Some years ago, a court found that seven scientists were responsible for 300 deaths and 1,500 injuries in the L’Aquila earthquake.
( ) Several research studies in physics and biology show that electric charges may be able to predict earthquakes in the future.
( ) Scientists in Britain and Russia have developed satellites that can already predict earthquakes accurately.
( ) Scientists believe that rocks may become electrically charged before an earthquake.

Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.

Read the excerpt that follows from Khalid and Husnin’s (2019) paper “CHALLENGES AND SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NOVICE TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL IDENTITIES”.







“In order to become effective, teachers have to be professionally prepared. Teachers therefore need to experience continuing professional development so as to become more effective (Harris, 2002). For pre-service teachers, teaching practice is one of the key elements in their training (Haigh and Tuck, 1999; Hill and Brodin, 2004). Through pre-service training, student teachers are provided with experience in teaching and learning in and outside the classroom, as well as opportunities to enhance the development of their characters so as to become ethical and professional (Kennedy, 2006). Some past studies have proven that teaching practice helps pre-service teachers to have better discussions with lecturers and mentors, and thus helps pre-service teachers to determine the approaches to use and their implications in teaching (Botha and Reddy, 2011; Agbo, 2003). In addition, teaching practice has been found to help pre-service teachers to enhance those skills related to problem identification, decision making, and the selection of approaches to overcome problems in classroom situations, and has also been found to be incredibly significant in developing pre-service teachers’ confidence in themselves (Khalid, 2014). Nevertheless, teachers’ professional development is not merely limited to preservice training. Berliner (1995) views the initial stage of new teachers’ professionalism as the critical stage in which novice teachers will face numerous conflicts, responsibilities and tasks”.


That being said, relying on linguistic skills and reading techniques, check the answer which is associated with the global meaning of the excerpt of the paper provided. 

Comparative Adjectives compare one person or thing with another and enable us to say whether a person or thing has more or less of a particular quality. On the other hand, Superlative Adjectives describe one person or thing as having more of a quality than all other people or things in a group. Both Comparatives and Superlatives Adjectives can be used to highlight SUPERIORITY, as their principles and rules of formation may differ typically based on the type of adjectives, may it be short or long. That being said, check (T) for TRUE and (F) for FALSE, considering the information provided on Comparatives and Superlatives Adjectives formation to highlight SUPERIORITY, then check the correct answer.


( ) The comparative of short adjectives such as “pretty, happy and heavy” are “prettyer than, happyer than and heavyer than”, for the vowel “y” is preceded by another consonant.


( ) The comparative of long adjectives such as “beautiful, interesting and expensive” are “beautifuler than, interestinger than and expensiver than”, as the suffix “ER” is considered to be the general rule for those type of adjectives.


( ) The comparative of short adjectives such as “grey, fey and stray” are “greier than, feier than and straier than”, for the vowel “y” is preceded by another vowel.


( ) The comparative of Latin origin adjectives such as “basic, famous and competent” are “more basic than, more famous than and more competent than”, for using “more” before adjectives like those is considered to be the most adequate rule to use.


( ) The comparative of short adjectives such as “nice, wise and late” are “nicer than, wiser than and later than”, for they are all ending in “E”, and adding only the suffix “R” at the end of those type of adjectives is the correct rule to use.


( ) The superlative of short adjectives such as “fat, thin and big” are “the fatter, the thinner and the bigger”, for they all are ending in “C-V-C” (consonant-vowel-consonant).


( ) The superlative of irregular adjectives such as “good, bad and far” are “the goodest, the baddest and the farrest”, for adding the suffix “EST” at the end of those type of adjectives is considered to be the most appropriate rule to use.


( ) The superlative of long adjectives such as “pleasant, intelligent and successful” are “the most pleasant, the most intelligent and the most successful”, for adding “most” before those types of adjectives, instead of suffixes such as “ST, EST or IEST”, is the correct rule to use.


( ) The superlative of short adjectives such as “much, some and many” is “the most”, not because those adjectives are necessarily short, but because they are all irregular and share at certain point and extent the same semantics – meaning.


( ) If it is correct to say adjectives such as “bad, good and far” are irregular, it is also correct to say that the comparative of these adjectives are “worse than, better than and farther than” in this respective order.

Sentence can be defined as a group of one or more words. On the other hand, sentence structure is understood as the way basic grammatical elements (a subject, predicate, and sometimes direct or indirect objects) of a sentence are combined. The rules for how a sentence is constructed are simple. These include the necessity for a subject, predicate, and object (in that order) in every sentence. Beyond that, we can also add elements like prepositions and conjunctions. In English, for example, sentences can be classified as simple, complex and compound. That being said, check the answer that provides the correct information about the types of sentence structure in English.

When it comes to word formation, a prefix is an affix which is placed before a word. Adding it to the beginning of one word changes it into another word. Some prefixes are used to convey a “negative meaning”. That being said, check the answer whose prefix was not used to convey a negative meaning.

Verb forms help us to make time reference through their tense. Tense shows whether an action or a state took, take or will take place. For example, the simple past tense is used to express actions that have already happened; the simple present tense is used to express an action that is taking place or happening now; and, the simple future tense is used to express an action which will certainly take place at a time later than now. With that in mind, check the answer whose information provided is the only one correct about simple tenses sentences structure and verb conjugation.

Paragraphs are the basic building blocks of any writing. A paragraph is a group of sentences that deal with a single topic. The parts of the paragraph are linked together by phrases and conjunctions. They guide the reader through the arguments presented. That being said, check the alternative whose information provided is the only one correct when it comes to the different types of sentences of a well-structured paragraph.

When it comes to Language Acquisition, Connectionism denies both innate rules and the existence of any innate language-learning module, for L2 input would be of greater importance than it is in processing models based on innate approaches. In Connectionism, input is the source of both the units and the rules of language. An important contribution of Connectionism to Second Language Acquisition studies is usually associated with the premise that adults are not better second language learners when compared to children. That would because, despite having superior skills than children, adults would not be considered as better second language learners. Based on such premise, check the answer whose information contains the adequate explanation for it in accordance with the Connectionist Theory.