Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês

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Ano: 2024 Banca: FUVEST Órgão: USP Prova: FUVEST - 2024 - USP - Bibliotecário |
Q3496656 Inglês
TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO


   Among my fellow punctuation nerds, I have a reputation as someone who does not see any use for semicolons. Cecelia Watson, who teaches at Bard College, has written a whole book about them: “Semicolon: The Past, Present, and Future of a Misunderstood Mark.”

   Watson, a historian and philosopher of science and a teacher of writing and the humanities—in other words, a Renaissance woman—gives us a deceptively playful-looking book that turns out to be a scholarly treatise on a sophisticated device that has contributed eloquence and mystery to Western civilization.

  The semicolon itself was a Renaissance invention. It first appeared in 1494, in a book published in Venice by Aldus Manutius. “De Aetna,” Watson explains, was “an essay, written in dialogue form,” about climbing Mt. Etna. The mark was a hybrid between a comma and a colon, and its purpose was to prolong a pause or create a more distinct separation between parts of a sentence.

   The problem with the semicolon is not how it looks but what it does and how that has changed over time. In the old days, punctuation simply indicated a pause. Comma, colon: semicolon; period. Eventually, grammarians and copy editors came along and made themselves indispensable by punctuating (“pointing”) a writer’s prose “to delineate clauses properly, such that punctuation served syntax.” That is, commas, semicolons, and colons were included in a sentence in order to highlight, subordinate, or otherwise conduct its elements, connecting them syntactically. One of the rules is that, unless you are composing a list, a semicolon is supposed to be followed by a complete clause, capable of standing on its own. The semicolon can take the place of a conjunction, like “and” or “but,” but it should not be used in addition to it.


https://www.newyorker.com/culture/comma-queen/sympathy-for-the-
semicolon. July 15, 2019. Adaptado. 
O texto afirma que, com o passar do tempo, o ponto e vírgula, entre outros aspectos,
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Q3494917 Inglês

    Ethical codes evolve in response to changing conditions, values, and ideas. A professional code of ethics must, therefore, be periodically updated, and also rest upon widely shared values.


    Although the operating environment of museums grows more complex each year, the root value for museums, the tie that connects all of us together despite our diversity, is the commitment to serving people, both present and future generations.


    Historically, museums have owned and used natural objects, living and non-living, and all manner of human artifacts to advance knowledge and nourish the human spirit. Today, the range of their special interests reflects the scope of human vision. Their missions include collecting and preserving, as well as exhibiting and educating with materials not only owned but also borrowed and fabricated for these ends. Their numbers include both governmental and private museums.


    The museum universe in the United States includes both collecting and noncollecting institutions. Although diverse in their missions, they have in common their nonprofit form of organization and a commitment of service to the public. Their collections and/or the objects they borrow or fabricate are the basis for research, exhibits, and programs that invite public participation.


    Taken as a whole, museum collections and exhibition materials represent the world's natural and cultural common wealth. As stewards of that wealth, museums are compelled to advance an understanding of all natural forms and of the human experience. It is incumbent on museums to be resources for humankind and in all their activities to foster an informed appreciation of the rich and diverse world we have inherited. It is also incumbent upon them to preserve that inheritance for posterity.


www.aam-us.org/museumresources/ethics/coe.cfm. Acessado em 22/02/2024. Adaptado. 

Considerado o contexto, o termo “stewards” (6º parágrafo) é empregado para designar museus como 
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Q3494916 Inglês

    Ethical codes evolve in response to changing conditions, values, and ideas. A professional code of ethics must, therefore, be periodically updated, and also rest upon widely shared values.


    Although the operating environment of museums grows more complex each year, the root value for museums, the tie that connects all of us together despite our diversity, is the commitment to serving people, both present and future generations.


    Historically, museums have owned and used natural objects, living and non-living, and all manner of human artifacts to advance knowledge and nourish the human spirit. Today, the range of their special interests reflects the scope of human vision. Their missions include collecting and preserving, as well as exhibiting and educating with materials not only owned but also borrowed and fabricated for these ends. Their numbers include both governmental and private museums.


    The museum universe in the United States includes both collecting and noncollecting institutions. Although diverse in their missions, they have in common their nonprofit form of organization and a commitment of service to the public. Their collections and/or the objects they borrow or fabricate are the basis for research, exhibits, and programs that invite public participation.


    Taken as a whole, museum collections and exhibition materials represent the world's natural and cultural common wealth. As stewards of that wealth, museums are compelled to advance an understanding of all natural forms and of the human experience. It is incumbent on museums to be resources for humankind and in all their activities to foster an informed appreciation of the rich and diverse world we have inherited. It is also incumbent upon them to preserve that inheritance for posterity.


www.aam-us.org/museumresources/ethics/coe.cfm. Acessado em 22/02/2024. Adaptado. 

Conforme o texto, constitui elemento comum entre os vários museus nos EUA, apesar de suas missões diversas,
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Q3494915 Inglês

    Ethical codes evolve in response to changing conditions, values, and ideas. A professional code of ethics must, therefore, be periodically updated, and also rest upon widely shared values.


    Although the operating environment of museums grows more complex each year, the root value for museums, the tie that connects all of us together despite our diversity, is the commitment to serving people, both present and future generations.


    Historically, museums have owned and used natural objects, living and non-living, and all manner of human artifacts to advance knowledge and nourish the human spirit. Today, the range of their special interests reflects the scope of human vision. Their missions include collecting and preserving, as well as exhibiting and educating with materials not only owned but also borrowed and fabricated for these ends. Their numbers include both governmental and private museums.


    The museum universe in the United States includes both collecting and noncollecting institutions. Although diverse in their missions, they have in common their nonprofit form of organization and a commitment of service to the public. Their collections and/or the objects they borrow or fabricate are the basis for research, exhibits, and programs that invite public participation.


    Taken as a whole, museum collections and exhibition materials represent the world's natural and cultural common wealth. As stewards of that wealth, museums are compelled to advance an understanding of all natural forms and of the human experience. It is incumbent on museums to be resources for humankind and in all their activities to foster an informed appreciation of the rich and diverse world we have inherited. It is also incumbent upon them to preserve that inheritance for posterity.


www.aam-us.org/museumresources/ethics/coe.cfm. Acessado em 22/02/2024. Adaptado. 

De acordo com o texto, em relação à diversidade, a função central dos museus norte-americanos compreende 
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Q3494914 Inglês

    The terrible food in hospitals has long been one of the greatest contradictions in health care. Over the past few years, several doctors have spoken out about the lack of healthy food options and how frustrating it can be to tell their patients to make dietary changes, only to have that guidance undermined by the very hospital treating their patients.But now, some hospitals are taking note.


    Across the country, medical centers are hiring executive chefs, working closely with nutritionists and dietitians, and striving to ensure that patients with a wide range of dietary needs and restrictions are getting not only the nourishment they need while in the hospital, but the information they need to keep from coming back.


    Hospital malnutrition affects 30-50% of patients worldwide, according to a September 2019 study published in the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.


    How to prioritize healthy food is a question that chef Christopher Dickens at Southeast Health in Alabama is also asking as the hospital and the food facilities go through a ground-up renovation that’s putting healthier options at the forefront.


    “Our patients can’t choose where they are, how they feel. They just don’t have a lot of choice,” Dickens said. “If we don’t do everything in our power to make sure that’s a great experience, then shame on us.” He explained that the hospital is trying to move away from processed foods, refined sugars, and excess oil “so that we can produce a product that truly helps our patient, and our community and our staff, with overall health.” Dickens continued. “People have their preconceived notions of what hospital food is, and we want to break those. We know that food is medicine,” said Dickens, “and we need to be ahead of the curve.” 



https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bad-hospital-foodhealthy_n_5e5d3de2c5b63aaf8f5b0390. Acesso em Mar 16, 2020. Adaptado. 

No texto, o excerto que explicita a mudança de atitude de alguns hospitais, em relação à comida servida aos pacientes, é
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Q3489021 Inglês
Read the fragmente from the text.

The Road Not Taken
BY ROBERT FROST
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I -
I took the one less traveled by,
And THAT has made all the difference.

The word in bold refers to:
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Q3489020 Inglês
The options below could replace the bold word “USING” (comic) with no significative changes in meaning, EXCEPT for: 
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Q3489019 Inglês

Read the text:


Q38.png (313×266)


According to the comic above, the word in bold refers to: 

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Q3489018 Inglês
Read the following passage:

- Which T-shirt is yours? The pink one or the black one?
- The black is _______, of course, and the pink is ________. Did you forget?

Which possessive pronouns should be used to properly fill in the blanks in the passage?
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Q3489017 Inglês
Consider the following dialogue between two friends:

A: Hello, what's up?
B: Hi, Mary. I’m fine and you?What are you up to?
A: I’m planning a party this weekend. Do you want to come?
B: I’d love to! Could you give me the address, please?
A: It is going to happen here, at my house!
B: Ok! I’ll be there! See ya.

Mark the alternative that refers to the subject of the text.
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Q3489007 Inglês
O Documento Curricular para Goiás (DCGO) em diálogo com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), apresenta Competências Específicas de Língua Inglesa para o Ensino Fundamental, EXCETO:
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Q3484943 Inglês
Imagem associada para resolução da questão


What is the actual message the woman intends to convey to the man about driving in bad weather? 
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Q3484942 Inglês
Imagem associada para resolução da questão

Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/garfield/1998/02/09


In the comic strip, Jon Arbuckle says that he likes women who are impressed with his intellect. Garfield's response indicates that he believes Jon is saying that he likes:
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Q3484941 Inglês
Imagem associada para resolução da questão


Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/pearlsbeforeswine/2003/07/01

What is the reason behind the customer's rejection of the wine in the comic strip?
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Q3484940 Inglês
In a professional setting, identify the phrase that most accurately conveys formality and linguistic appropriateness: 
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Q3484939 Inglês

Imagem associada para resolução da questão


Disponível em: https://www.gocomics.com/pickles/2016/04/13



The word "stumped", in the last panel, could be replaced without a change in meaning by:


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Q3484937 Inglês
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a teaching methodology that focuses on learning through physical activities and body movements. It is based on the premise that associating physical actions with the learning of a foreign language facilitates understanding and retention of the content.
Which of the following activities are typical of the TPR methodology?
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Q3484936 Inglês

Associate the reading strategies with their respective descriptions.


1 - Skimming;

2 - Scanning;

3 - Critical Reading;

4 - Predictive Reading:


( ) It is a thoughtful and analytical reading strategy. It goes beyond understanding the literal meaning of the text and involves evaluating the author's arguments, questioning assumptions, and considering alternative perspectives.


( ) It involves making educated guesses about the content of a text based on headings, subheadings, and other organizational cues. Readers use their prior knowledge and the structure of the material to anticipate what information might come next.


( ) It is a reading strategy that involves searching for specific information within a text. Instead of reading the entire passage, the reader focuses on keywords, phrases, or numbers to quickly locate the relevant details.


( ) It is a rapid reading technique used to get an overview of the text. Readers quickly glance through the material to identify the main ideas, important points, and the overall structure of the text without reading every word.


The correct association is, respectively: 


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Q3484935 Inglês
“There were people who went to sleep last night,
poor and rich and white and black,
but they will never wake again.

And those dead folks would give anything at all
for just five minutes of this weather
or ten minutes of plowing.

So you watch yourself about complaining.

What you're supposed to do when you don't like a thing is change it.
If you can't change it, change the way you think about it.”

— Maya Angelou

The passage uses the phrase "those dead folks" to refer to: 
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Q3484934 Inglês
Wuthering Heights


"I'll not change my mind, Heathcliff," I said, "and I won't marry you. I'll never be yours, and you shall never be mine."

He looked incredibly shocked at this unexpected declaration, and drew his breath in and out in short, hurried gasps. His face grew red and white, and he stared at me wildly.

"Why not?" he demanded at last, in a voice that sounded almost strangled. "Why won't you marry me?"

"Because I don't love you," I said simply.

He stared at me for a moment, then burst out laughing. "You don't love me?" he repeated. "You don't love me? Then why did you come here?"

"I came here because I was afraid of you," I said. "I thought you would hurt me if I didn't." He laughed again, but this time it was a different kind of laugh. It was a bitter, mocking laugh. "You were right to be afraid of me," he said. "I would have hurt you. I would have killed you."

He reached out and grabbed my arm, his fingers digging into my flesh. "But now I'm going to let you go," he said. "I'm going to let you go, and you'll never see me again."

He released my arm and stepped back, his eyes blazing with anger. "Go," he said. "Go, and never come back." 

Emily Brontë

What is the main conflict in this excerpt?
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Respostas
6501: B
6502: A
6503: E
6504: C
6505: A
6506: C
6507: D
6508: B
6509: B
6510: C
6511: B
6512: B
6513: E
6514: D
6515: B
6516: A
6517: D
6518: C
6519: A
6520: C