Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre pronomes | pronouns em inglês

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Q2348160 Inglês
    Agronomy looks at agriculture from an integrated, holistic perspective. Agronomists are specialists in crop and soil science, as well as ecology. Some things they look at are:


• the properties of the soil;
• how the soil interacts with the growing crop;
• what nutrients (fertilizers) the crop needs;
• when and how to apply these nutrients;
• the ways that crops grow and develop;
• how climate and other environmental factors affect the crop at all stages;
• how best to control weeds, insects, fungi, and other crop pests; and,
• how to grow crops effectively and profitably while conserving and protecting the environment.



Internet: <www.agronomy.org> (with adaptations).
According to the text, judge the item from.

In the first line of the text, the verb “to look” is conjugated in the 3rd person singular to agree with the subject “Agronomy”, which could be correctly replaced by the pronoun he.


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Q2347995 Inglês
11.30.2023

City lawmakers in Brazil have enacted what appears to be the nation’s first legislation written entirely by artificial intelligence (AI) — even if they didn’t know it at the time.

The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy.

Rosário told The Associated Press that he asked OpenAI’s chatbot ChatGPT to craft a proposal to prevent the city from charging taxpayers to replace water consumption meters if they are stolen. He then presented it to his 35 peers on the council without making a single change or even letting them know about its unprecedented origin. The 36-member council approved it unanimously and the ordinance went into effect on Nov. 23.

The arrival of ChatGPT on the marketplace just a year ago has sparked a global debate on the impacts of potentially revolutionary AI-powered chatbots. While some see it as a promising tool, it has also caused concerns and anxiety about the unintended or undesired impacts of a machine handling tasks currently performed by humans.

Porto Alegre, with a population of 1.3 million, is the second-largest city in Brazil’s south. The city’s council president, Hamilton Sossmeier, found out that Rosário had enlisted ChatGPT to write the proposal when the councilman bragged about the achievement on social media. Sossmeier initially told local media he thought it was a “dangerous precedent.”

The AI large language models that power chatbots like ChatGPT work by repeatedly trying to guess the next word in a sentence and are prone to making up false information, a phenomenon sometimes called hallucination.

All chatbots sometimes introduce false information when summarizing a document, ranging from about 3% of the time for the most advanced GPT model to a rate of about 27% for one of Google’s models, according to recently published research by the tech company Vectara.

In an article published on the website of Harvard Law School’s Center of Legal Profession earlier this year, Andrew Perlman, wrote that ChatGPT “is a machine learning system, it may not have the same level of understanding and judgment as a human lawyer when it comes to interpreting legal principles and precedent. This could lead to problems in situations where a more in-depth legal analysis is required”.

There was no such transparency for Rosário’s proposal in Porto Alegre. Sossmeier said Rosário did not inform fellow council members that ChatGPT had written the proposal.

Rosário told the AP his objective was also to spark a debate. He said he entered a 49-word prompt into ChatGPT and it returned the full draft proposal within seconds, including justifications.

And the council president, who initially decried the method, already appears to have been swayed. “I changed my mind,” Sossmeier said. “I started to read more in depth and saw that, unfortunately or fortunately, this is going to be a trend.”


( (<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/30/brazil-artificial-intelligenceporto-alegre/9f576ecc-8fb2-11ee-95e1-edd75d825df0_story.htm>(adapted))
In “The experimental ordinance was passed in October in the southern city of Porto Alegre and city councilman Ramiro Rosário revealed that it was written by a chatbot, sparking objections and raising questions about the role of artificial intelligence in public policy”, the pronoun “it” refers to
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Q2346537 Inglês
During a visit to the school library, a group of 4th graders wants to interview a renowned children's book author. They are preparing a list of questions to ask about the author's inspirations and writing process. As part of their preparation, they need to understand the structure of questions in English. The students are specifically learning to form questions using various question words and sentence structures. Based on their lesson, which aims to help them recognize and apply the basic form of questions, they are asked to identify the correct way to ask about the author's favorite childhood book in an interview setting.
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Q2346535 Inglês

Read the following passage and identify the correct object pronoun to complete the sentence:



'My sister asked ____ to help _____ with the homework.'

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Q2344904 Inglês
Read Text IV and answer the question that follow it 

Text IV


Teaching Reading Strategies


No matter what we are reading there are effective reading strategies we call on in order to make meaning from the text. Many of these strategies can be taught with comics and graphic novels. The ones highlighted below are particularly important when reading graphic texts.


Drawing Inferences


In comics and graphic novels, perhaps more than any other text, readers must build understanding by filling in gaps. A whole world of information is left in the gutter between the panels. The comic artist expects the reader to infer the action that takes place off the page. The more complex and sophisticated the comic, the more important this strategy becomes. If the reader is not making inferences, he is lost. Understanding this strategy and using it effectively will help students read ’between the lines’ in more traditional print narratives.


Visualization


Students who struggle with reading may not understand what should be going on in the reader’s imagination during reading. With comics and other visual texts, the images are there for the reader. Through comics students can be taught how to create their own mental images when reading more traditional texts.

It is important that students understand the visual cues that are provided in the text. Although the words and images work together to tell the story, comics are primarily visual narratives. Therefore readers must draw on and integrate some important background knowledge and understandings about visual texts, comic elements and narrative structures in order to make meaning. The more knowledge readers have about the way visual texts work, the more successful they are likely to be.


Adapted from https://www.literacytoday.ca/home/reading/readingstrategies/reading-visual-texts/reading-comics
The pronoun in “The ones highlighted” (1st paragraph) refers to: 
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Q2342569 Inglês
What is the correct possessive adjective for the noun “book”?
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Q2342564 Inglês
The sentence with the correct possessive pronoun is: 
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Q2342562 Inglês
The sentence with a correct relative clause is:
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Q2341033 Inglês
Text 1A1-I


        Hydrogen is viewed as a promising alternative to fossil fuel, but the methods used to make it either generate too much carbon dioxide or are too expensive. Rice University researchers have found a way to harvest hydrogen from plastic waste using a low-emission method that could more than pay for itself.

           By comparison, “green” hydrogen ⎯ produced using renewable energy sources to split water into its two component elements ⎯ costs roughly US$ 5 for just over two pounds. Though cheaper, most of the nearly 100 million tons of hydrogen used globally in 2022 was derived from fossil fuels, its production generating roughly 12 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of hydrogen.

          The researchers exposed plastic waste samples to rapid flash Joule, bringing their temperature up to 3100 Kelvin. “We demonstrated that we are able to recover up to 68% of that atomic hydrogen as gas with a 94% purity,” Kevin Wyss said. “I hope that this work will allow for the production of clean hydrogen from waste plastics, possibly solving major environmental problems like plastic pollution and the greenhouse gas-intensive production of hydrogen by steam-methane reforming.”


Internet: <news.rice.edu> (adapted).

Based on text 1A1-I, judge the following item.



The pronoun “their” (first sentence of the third paragraph) refers back to “plastic waste samples”.


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Q2337764 Inglês
Text 2


Communicative Language Teaching aims broadly to apply the theoretical perspective of the Communicative Approach by making communicative competence the goal of language teaching and by acknowledging the interdependence of language and communication. What this looks like in the classroom may depend on how the tenets are interpreted and applied. Nevertheless, we will follow our usual way of und erstanding the theor y and ussocia rcd practices by visiting a class in which a form of Communicative Language Teaching is being practiced. The class we will visit is one being conducted for adult immigrants to Canada . These twenty people have lived in Canada for two years and are at a high-intermediate level of English proficiency. They meet two evenings a week for two hours each class.


LARSEN-FREEMAN, Diane. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. 3rd ed. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
What alternative presentes a wrong use of the possessive case?
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Q2334563 Inglês

Julgue o item que se segue.


The use of the indefinite article is correct in the sentence “Could I have a milk, please?”. 

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Q2316902 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Pronouns, including personal pronouns like “he” and “she,” replace nouns to avoid repetition. Understanding the nuances of different pronoun types—personal, demonstrative, relative—is essential for constructing clear and concise sentences, contributing to effective communication in English. 

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Q2316889 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Indefinite pronouns, like “everyone” or “nothing,” refer to unspecified or unknown entities. Proficiency in using indefinite pronouns contributes to the creation of inclusive and precise language, allowing speakers and writers to convey generalizations and unknown quantities with accuracy. 

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Q2316883 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Possessive nouns, expressing ownership or association, play a vital role in sentence structure. Understanding how to form possessives, whether through apostrophes or other constructions, ensures grammatical accuracy. Proficiency in handling possessive nouns contributes to clear and effective communication in written and spoken English.

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Q2316868 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Reflexive pronouns, such as “myself” and “yourself,” reflect the action back onto the subject. Mastery of reflexive pronoun usage ensures grammatical accuracy and clarity in English sentences. Recognizing situations that warrant reflexive pronouns contributes to effective self-expression. 

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Q2316867 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Subordinate clauses, also known as dependent clauses, are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as “although,” “because,” or “while.” These clauses provide additional information and cannot stand alone as complete sentences. Proficiency in using subordinate clauses enhances sentence complexity, enabling the conveyance of intricate relationships and details in American English.

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Q2298737 Inglês

Choose the option that has the CORRECT forms to fill out the blanks below, respectively. 


I - Someone has left ____ book here.


II - There _____ too many people in the event last night.


III - She _____ 39 years old.

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Q2298712 Inglês

Choose the best option to fill in the blanks CORRECTLY and RESPECTIVELY


I. ‘She’d left when you got there, ________ she?’


II. ‘She’d love this dress, ______ she?’


III. ‘She’s worked a lot this week, ______ she?’

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Q2298709 Inglês

Two US banks collapse 


Last week, Silicon Valley Bank failed, and it left customers in a tough spot as the government took ______ 1


The so-called bank run happened because there ______ 2 news that the bank couldn’t meet its deposit obligations. It means that it had invested the money in various things that weren’t making the money back. Typically, thats the point where the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, ______ 3 insures deposits ______ 4 250,000 dollars, comes in. However, 98% of Silicon Valley Bank customers didn’t have 250,000 dollars but billions of dollars. The government announced that it would step in and secure the depositors, with US president Joe Biden ______ 5 that the US banking system was safe. 


Shortly after the fall of Silicon Valley Bank, regulators closed New York-based Signature Bank, too, citing systemic risk. Experts said that these stories would continue repeating themselves because many corporations were overleveraged in dollar debt.


After the collapse, European banks lost 100 billion dollars in value in a week, and despite tough regulations that should make a similar banking failure in Europe unlikely, the contagion is accelerating.


Source: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/two-usbanks-collapse-level-3/

The blanks numbered as “3” and “4” could be CORRECTLY filled with, RESPECTIVELY: 
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Q2281245 Inglês
Text CB1A2-I

        Oppenheimer’s brief advance into astrophysics began with a 1938 paper about neutron stars, which continued in a 1939 installment that further incorporated the principles of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He then published a third paper on black holes on September 1st, 1939—but at the time, it was scarcely noticed because this was the very day Germany invaded Poland, launching World War II. Oppenheimer never wrote on the topic again.
        Even if it hadn’t been overshadowed by war, Oppenheimer’s work on neutron stars and black holes “was not understood to be terribly significant at the time,” says Cathryn Carson, a historian of science at the University of California, Berkeley.
        Each paper was written with a different member of the swarm of graduate students that Oppenheimer carefully cultivated. These protégés facilitated his ability to jump between research topics—and ultimately, helped him develop some of his most important contributions to physics.
        Oppenheimer’s climactic third paper, written with his student Hartland Snyder, explores the implications of general relativity on the universe’s most massive stars. Although the physicists needed to include some assumptions to simplify the question, they determined that a large enough star would gravitationally collapse indefinitely—and within a finite amount of time, meaning that the objects we now know as black holes could exist.

Internet: <scientificamerican.com> (adapted)
Based on the vocabulary and linguistic aspects of text CB1A2-I, judge the following item.
The pronoun “they” (last sentence of the last paragraph) refers to the word “assumptions”.
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Respostas
381: E
382: B
383: C
384: B
385: E
386: A
387: B
388: C
389: C
390: B
391: E
392: C
393: C
394: C
395: C
396: C
397: B
398: C
399: A
400: E