Read the following text to answer question

his paper presents the concept of task as the location for learning a foreign language (FL), a space for creation in and with the target language, with the tasks utilized simulating as closely as possible the situations which the students will encounter outside the classroom and which, moreover, emphasize meaning. Throughout the paper, the theory of the use of tasks for the teaching/learning of a FL present in the literature will be discussed, and an approach which is based on the utilization of tasks as the backbone for the planning of course is presented. In addition to emphasizing meaning, the tasks analyzed take a relatively long time to complete, i.e. they last more than a single class. Thus, the input can be remembered and re-worked as it reappears in different ways, thus making it possible for learning to be more long-lasting and significant.

 (José Carlos Paes de Almeida Filho e Rita Barbirato. 
 Ambientes comunicativos para aprender línguas estrangeiras,
 2000. Adaptado)

Text 1

Green shoppers around the world

If you want to be a responsible consumer, think about not just how much you buy, but also about what’s good for the planet. Green Shoppers United is an international non-profit organization for the promotion of responsible consumerism.

Labels

Read the labels. Some...................the ingredients that manufacturers use in products, such as cosmetics or toiletries, can damage the environment. Some ingredients are only used...................make things prettier, or more colorful, but they might also be harmful. Don’t buy things that contain substances that harm you or the world you live................... For example, research shows a potential link...................the preservatives called parabens, often found in beauty products, and some types of cancer. 

Transport

In today’s global economy, it is easier for companies to buy products and materials where they’re cheap, and transport them over enormous distances to get them to customers. If you can, buy things locally. The local food movement has grown steadily in recent years, and it’s often possible to track down locally grown, or produced, products, rather than those that have been transported long distances. If we stop buying goods that have had to fly over continents to get to us, companies may stop transporting them around unnecessarily. A bargain may cost you less personally, but the real price we pay for it in the long run may turn out to be too high, as jet fuel continues to pollute our environment. 

Environment 

Responsible consumers recycle to reduce waste, and its negative impact on our environment. A lot of the plastic packaging we use for food and drink is recyclable, but not all of it. The most common packaging materials are still non-recyclable polyethylene and PVC. Seventy million tons are used every year. Look at the recycling labels carefully. Manufacturers should use recyclable plastics, like PET, wherever possible. Some have also begun using lighter materials, for example, 30% lighter PET plastic for drinks bottles, to reduce the amount of plastic waste. Transporting lighter materials is cheaper, and uses less fuel, too – so the solution may actually benefit everyone. 

Packaging

We’ve all purchased products wrapped in foil, then sealed in a bag, and then put in a box. Why? Write to companies that you think produce wasteful packaging. Ask them to think about what’s really necessary. Make them realize they can save money by using less packaging and, at the same time, help save our planet.

Consumers

A lot of us expect products these days to be more environmentally friendly. However, research has shown that we don’t want to pay more, and we don’t want to compromise on the quality of products, either. For example, one manufacturer recently had to switch back to less environmental packaging of potato chips, just because customers didn’t like the noise their “green” bags made when they were opened! Think about the effects of your shopping choices. Buy less to save the world, and join our effort to make shopping greener!

Read the text to answer the question 

    User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) are two terms you are likely to hear a lot. In the very simplest sense, User Experience is about devising the best means of getting information from the application to the user. User Interface, on the other hand, is about devising the optimal way to present that information to the user. There is broad overlap between the two and close cooperation between them is required for both to be successful.

    As the market for digital applications becomes ever more crowded, the success of a product comes to depend more and more on the effectiveness of UI and UX. We can get a better understanding of the differences between the two and of their importance to the tech sector by looking at how they operate with a slightly less technological product.

    Let’s consider a favorite household item, the lamp. In the production of a lamp, UX and UI are combined by the role of the product designer. The UX of a lamp might include the various lighting settings available, if the light can be dimmed, if it comes on instantly or if it gets gradually brighter. UI might include things like what the switch looks like, where it is located, or how easy it is to find or to use.

    A lamp is an almost ornamental utility, and the choice of lamp we make is mostly based on aesthetic. It is also a relatively disposable item but, most importantly for UI and UX, we can also have several lamps in our house or office at once, each with a different design. The UI and UX of a lamp will inform certain core elements of the design requirements of the lamp but much of the lamp’s appearance – its colour or the materials it is made from – can vary a great deal.

    With a digital product, things are a little different. Users choose a product primarily for its utility rather than its aesthetic and, most importantly, they usually have only one instance of a product type. Even with a video game, while many people play lots of different games of a similar genre, they can only play one game at a time.

    This makes UX and UI the key factors that differentiate one digital product from another. The product that carries out these functions the best is likely to be the one a user selects, the one that gets the most praise in media and the one that gets to establish industry standards.

(https://digitalskillsglobal.com)