Questões de Concurso
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 13.083 questões
on the review below, which is entitled "Illusions of
Empire: Defining the New American Order".
Illusions of Empire: Defining the New
American Order
Source: www.foreignaffairs.org
March/April 2004 (Adapted)
In his book The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism,
Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, Chalmers
Johnson advances the disturbing claim that the United
States' Cold War-era military power and far-flung base
system have, in the last decade, been consolidated in a
new form of global imperial rule. The United States,
according to Johnson, has become "a military
juggernaut intent on world domination."
Driven by a triumphalist ideology, an
exaggerated sense of threats, and a self-serving
military-industrial complex, this juggernaut is tightening
its grip on much of the world. The Pentagon has
replaced the State Department as the primary shaper of
foreign policy. Military commanders in regional
headquarters are modern-day proconsuls, warriordiplomats
who direct the United States' imperial reach.
Johnson fears that this military empire will corrode
democracy, bankrupt the nation, spark opposition, and
ultimately end in a Soviet-style collapse.
on the review below, which is entitled "Illusions of
Empire: Defining the New American Order".
Illusions of Empire: Defining the New
American Order
Source: www.foreignaffairs.org
March/April 2004 (Adapted)
In his book The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism,
Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, Chalmers
Johnson advances the disturbing claim that the United
States' Cold War-era military power and far-flung base
system have, in the last decade, been consolidated in a
new form of global imperial rule. The United States,
according to Johnson, has become "a military
juggernaut intent on world domination."
Driven by a triumphalist ideology, an
exaggerated sense of threats, and a self-serving
military-industrial complex, this juggernaut is tightening
its grip on much of the world. The Pentagon has
replaced the State Department as the primary shaper of
foreign policy. Military commanders in regional
headquarters are modern-day proconsuls, warriordiplomats
who direct the United States' imperial reach.
Johnson fears that this military empire will corrode
democracy, bankrupt the nation, spark opposition, and
ultimately end in a Soviet-style collapse.
on the review below, which is entitled "Illusions of
Empire: Defining the New American Order".
Illusions of Empire: Defining the New
American Order
Source: www.foreignaffairs.org
March/April 2004 (Adapted)
In his book The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism,
Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, Chalmers
Johnson advances the disturbing claim that the United
States' Cold War-era military power and far-flung base
system have, in the last decade, been consolidated in a
new form of global imperial rule. The United States,
according to Johnson, has become "a military
juggernaut intent on world domination."
Driven by a triumphalist ideology, an
exaggerated sense of threats, and a self-serving
military-industrial complex, this juggernaut is tightening
its grip on much of the world. The Pentagon has
replaced the State Department as the primary shaper of
foreign policy. Military commanders in regional
headquarters are modern-day proconsuls, warriordiplomats
who direct the United States' imperial reach.
Johnson fears that this military empire will corrode
democracy, bankrupt the nation, spark opposition, and
ultimately end in a Soviet-style collapse.
on the review below, which is entitled "Illusions of
Empire: Defining the New American Order".
Illusions of Empire: Defining the New
American Order
Source: www.foreignaffairs.org
March/April 2004 (Adapted)
In his book The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism,
Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, Chalmers
Johnson advances the disturbing claim that the United
States' Cold War-era military power and far-flung base
system have, in the last decade, been consolidated in a
new form of global imperial rule. The United States,
according to Johnson, has become "a military
juggernaut intent on world domination."
Driven by a triumphalist ideology, an
exaggerated sense of threats, and a self-serving
military-industrial complex, this juggernaut is tightening
its grip on much of the world. The Pentagon has
replaced the State Department as the primary shaper of
foreign policy. Military commanders in regional
headquarters are modern-day proconsuls, warriordiplomats
who direct the United States' imperial reach.
Johnson fears that this military empire will corrode
democracy, bankrupt the nation, spark opposition, and
ultimately end in a Soviet-style collapse.
and 22:
Brazil's foreign policy: A giant stirs
Source: www.economist.co.uk
June 10, 2004 (Adapted)
It is a small force, but of huge symbolic significance.
This month, 1,200 Brazilian troops arrived in Haiti, the
country's biggest foreign military deployment since the
second world war. Brazil is commanding a United
Nations peacekeeping force of 6,700 mainly Latin
American troops and 1,600 police which is taking over
from American and French forces in the Caribbean
island. This marks a new departure. Brazil has long
been a gentle and introverted giant, content to be a
bystander on the world stage. Now that is changing.
Analyze the alternatives below in order to choose
the appropriate translation for the two sentences
below into Portuguese:
and 30:
Responsibility of Accountants and Auditors
How can accountants and auditors help in this
anticorruption drive? First of all, accountants are the
first set of gatekeepers to ensure that transactions are
valid, at arm's-length, captured, and properly
recorded according to established standards.
Secondly, "as professionals with a duty to protect the
public interest, they are bound by rigorous codes of
professional and personal ethics calling for the
highest levels of integrity and objectivity". Thirdly,
"their key strategic positions within an enterprise or
organization - whether in an internal position or as an
external auditor or adviser - mean that they very
often have access to highly privileged and confidential
information."(Frank Harding: "Corruption: Rising to the
Challenge", IFAC - May/1999.)
Both accountants and auditors perform their
respective functions on the bases of national and
international standards of practice which have clear
guidelines in identifying, for instance, indicators of
fraud and other irregularities, and reporting these to
the highest levels of authority.
Internet: www.guyanajournal.com
Accessed in Nov/2003
and 30:
Responsibility of Accountants and Auditors
How can accountants and auditors help in this
anticorruption drive? First of all, accountants are the
first set of gatekeepers to ensure that transactions are
valid, at arm's-length, captured, and properly
recorded according to established standards.
Secondly, "as professionals with a duty to protect the
public interest, they are bound by rigorous codes of
professional and personal ethics calling for the
highest levels of integrity and objectivity". Thirdly,
"their key strategic positions within an enterprise or
organization - whether in an internal position or as an
external auditor or adviser - mean that they very
often have access to highly privileged and confidential
information."(Frank Harding: "Corruption: Rising to the
Challenge", IFAC - May/1999.)
Both accountants and auditors perform their
respective functions on the bases of national and
international standards of practice which have clear
guidelines in identifying, for instance, indicators of
fraud and other irregularities, and reporting these to
the highest levels of authority.
Internet: www.guyanajournal.com
Accessed in Nov/2003
to 28:
Brazil's Central Bank Rate Vote Underscores
Division
Two of the Brazilian central bank's nine-member
board called for a smaller interest rate cut last week
than policy makers approved, underscoring
disagreement over the pace of a recovery in Brazil
and its effect on inflation.
The vote, the first show of dissent since Henrique
Meirelles became the bank's president, may signal
that the bank may be less inclined to lower the
benchmark lending rate in coming months after
cutting it six times since June.
The board said in minutes of the meeting
distributed today that its vote to lower the overnight
target rate to 17.5 percent from 19 percent was aimed
at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its
biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven
years between April and September.
Internet : www.bloomberg.com
Accessed in Nov/2003
to 28:
Brazil's Central Bank Rate Vote Underscores
Division
Two of the Brazilian central bank's nine-member
board called for a smaller interest rate cut last week
than policy makers approved, underscoring
disagreement over the pace of a recovery in Brazil
and its effect on inflation.
The vote, the first show of dissent since Henrique
Meirelles became the bank's president, may signal
that the bank may be less inclined to lower the
benchmark lending rate in coming months after
cutting it six times since June.
The board said in minutes of the meeting
distributed today that its vote to lower the overnight
target rate to 17.5 percent from 19 percent was aimed
at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its
biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven
years between April and September.
Internet : www.bloomberg.com
Accessed in Nov/2003
to 28:
Brazil's Central Bank Rate Vote Underscores
Division
Two of the Brazilian central bank's nine-member
board called for a smaller interest rate cut last week
than policy makers approved, underscoring
disagreement over the pace of a recovery in Brazil
and its effect on inflation.
The vote, the first show of dissent since Henrique
Meirelles became the bank's president, may signal
that the bank may be less inclined to lower the
benchmark lending rate in coming months after
cutting it six times since June.
The board said in minutes of the meeting
distributed today that its vote to lower the overnight
target rate to 17.5 percent from 19 percent was aimed
at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its
biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven
years between April and September.
Internet : www.bloomberg.com
Accessed in Nov/2003
to 28:
Brazil's Central Bank Rate Vote Underscores
Division
Two of the Brazilian central bank's nine-member
board called for a smaller interest rate cut last week
than policy makers approved, underscoring
disagreement over the pace of a recovery in Brazil
and its effect on inflation.
The vote, the first show of dissent since Henrique
Meirelles became the bank's president, may signal
that the bank may be less inclined to lower the
benchmark lending rate in coming months after
cutting it six times since June.
The board said in minutes of the meeting
distributed today that its vote to lower the overnight
target rate to 17.5 percent from 19 percent was aimed
at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its
biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven
years between April and September.
Internet : www.bloomberg.com
Accessed in Nov/2003
to 24:
Unpicking the fiscal straitjacket
Never has a straitjacket seemed so ill-fitting or so
insecure. The euro area's "stability and growth pact"
was supposed to stop irresponsible member states
from running excessive budget deficits, defined as 3%
of GDP or more. Chief among the restraints was the
threat of large fines if member governments breached
the limit for three years in a row. For some time now,
no one has seriously believed those restraints would
hold. In the early hours of Tuesday November 25th,
the euro's fiscal straitjacket finally came apart at the
seams.
The pact's fate was sealed over an extended
dinner meeting of the euro area's 12 finance
ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of
the euro's two largest members, France and
Germany. Both governments ran deficits of more than
3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year.
Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in
2004. Earlier this year, the European Commission,
which policies the pact, agreed to give both countries
an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back
into line. But it also instructed them to revisit their
budget plans for 2004 and make extra cuts. France
was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted
deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both
resisted.
Nov 27th, 2003
The Economist Global Agenda
to 24:
Unpicking the fiscal straitjacket
Never has a straitjacket seemed so ill-fitting or so
insecure. The euro area's "stability and growth pact"
was supposed to stop irresponsible member states
from running excessive budget deficits, defined as 3%
of GDP or more. Chief among the restraints was the
threat of large fines if member governments breached
the limit for three years in a row. For some time now,
no one has seriously believed those restraints would
hold. In the early hours of Tuesday November 25th,
the euro's fiscal straitjacket finally came apart at the
seams.
The pact's fate was sealed over an extended
dinner meeting of the euro area's 12 finance
ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of
the euro's two largest members, France and
Germany. Both governments ran deficits of more than
3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year.
Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in
2004. Earlier this year, the European Commission,
which policies the pact, agreed to give both countries
an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back
into line. But it also instructed them to revisit their
budget plans for 2004 and make extra cuts. France
was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted
deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both
resisted.
Nov 27th, 2003
The Economist Global Agenda
to 24:
Unpicking the fiscal straitjacket
Never has a straitjacket seemed so ill-fitting or so
insecure. The euro area's "stability and growth pact"
was supposed to stop irresponsible member states
from running excessive budget deficits, defined as 3%
of GDP or more. Chief among the restraints was the
threat of large fines if member governments breached
the limit for three years in a row. For some time now,
no one has seriously believed those restraints would
hold. In the early hours of Tuesday November 25th,
the euro's fiscal straitjacket finally came apart at the
seams.
The pact's fate was sealed over an extended
dinner meeting of the euro area's 12 finance
ministers. They chewed over the sorry fiscal record of
the euro's two largest members, France and
Germany. Both governments ran deficits of more than
3% of GDP last year and will do so again this year.
Both expect to breach the limit for the third time in
2004. Earlier this year, the European Commission,
which policies the pact, agreed to give both countries
an extra year, until 2005, to bring their deficits back
into line. But it also instructed them to revisit their
budget plans for 2004 and make extra cuts. France
was asked to cut its underlying, cyclically adjusted
deficit by a full 1% of GDP, Germany by 0.8%. Both
resisted.
Nov 27th, 2003
The Economist Global Agenda
The hard cell
Thanks to politics, stem cell research in the United States is suffering. But not so in Sweden, which is poised to capture what could be the biggest new market to hit biotech in a decade.
By Stephan Herrera
February 13, 2003
New York, January 1, 2006:
Sweden announces that one of its biotechnology companies is the first in the world to enter clinical trials with a new drug that could cure Alzheimer's disease. Four years ago this type of research was all but stopped in the United States by political and ethical questions − which is ...61... Sweden now seems in the best position to capture a $25 billion market.
Any day now, the U.S. Congress is expected to pass a sweeping new law that could dramatically inhibit researchers from working with stem cells taken from human embryos. Such cells, which can be used to grow a whole host of new cells and organs, could fundamentally change the way we treat heretofore intractable maladies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, stroke, liver failure, and heart disease. The only problem is that these cells by definition are derived from human embryos, many of which are cloned or come from unused fetuses collected at fertility clinics. The argument, from a certain segment of the American political spectrum, is that ...62... methods are morally wrong. They are ...63... a form of abortion or an activity that could eventually lead to human cloning.
Those working in stem cell research say the short-term effect of the legislation will be to further chill all forms of scientific inquiry and commercialization efforts in the field. Entrepreneurs and investors are already eschewing such research − in large part because of the additional uncertainty and risk that politics introduce.
Of the nearly 50 private stem cell companies in the United States, only a handful are still viable. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, Sweden has avoided many of the political and ethical quagmires surrounding this type of research. It currently has 40 private stem cell companies, a number that's growing. Sweden's leading research universities have 32 percent of the world's stem cell inventory, close on the heels of the United States' 35 percent.
Sweden, say analysts, is now in the best position to
capture a worldwide market for drugs based on stem cell
therapies that could grow to $25 billion in the next three to five
years − nearly equal to the whole biotech industry at present.
This estimate doesn't even address the market for stem cells
capable of repairing damaged vital organs like the brain, heart,
and kidneys. If the United States offers an object lesson of what
can happen when scientific inquiry and investment capital fall victim to politics, Sweden and its leading stem cell startup,
NeuroNova, offer the opposite example. How odd that the
United States, which for generations has been the envy of the
world for its progressive views of science and commercialization,
should now have a biomedical climate chillier than a Swedish
winter.
One company feeling a lot of pain is StemCells, which at first glance seems to have it all: founding scientists include Stanford's Dr. Weissman and Fred Gage of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. An equally well-regarded expert in the treatment of Alzheimer's, Dr. Gage spent five years in Sweden as a researcher and now sits on a national committee on stem cell research there. The firm's chairman is Roger Perlmutter, Amgen's head of research.
Yet over the past two years, none of management's efforts to help investors and even critics reconsider the stem cell field have worked. At press time, the stock was thinly traded and sitting in the neighborhood of 50 cents. With less than $15 million in cash, the company likely won't exist at this time next year. (CEO Martin McGlynn, who joined the firm in January 2001, would not talk to Red Herring, despite repeated efforts.)
Some observers on Wall Street are asking, If StemCells can't make it, who can? Geron, the only other publicly held stem cell firm to speak of, is in a fix, too. The company's stock price is also moribund, at $3.85 per share. Thanks to some capital infusions a few years ago, when money came easy, Geron still has $40 million on hand, but by the end of next year, that too will likely be gone. Once a media darling, Geron focuses on diagnostic tests and drugs derived from stem cells, a strategy that's not going well. For the nine months ended last September, revenue fell 68 percent to $955,000 and net loss widened 18 percent to $26.7 million. The company's financials were also hit hard after it terminated an agreement with Pharmacia and acquired research technology from Lynx Therapeutics, which Geron bought in a desperate attempt to be seen as something more than just a stem cell company.
The situation is quite different, however, for Sweden's NeuroNova, which has 30 academic partners and a staff of 20. NeuroNova is working on ways to inject stem cells into the human brain to trigger a process called neurogenesis (the growth of new neural cells), which could combat diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and even schizophrenia.
If NeuroNova is the first to develop a drug capable of
treating one of several central nervous system disorders − by far
the most lucrative after heart disease products − it will have
done so not because it raised more money or got more media
buzz than the rest. It will have succeeded because the science
is solid, and academe, government, and the investment
community are supportive. Meanwhile, the United States will
look on with envy and wonder how it, a country known for its
entrepreneurial innovation, ever got so short-sighted.
(Adapted from
http://www.redherring.com/investor/2003/02/biotech021303.html)
The hard cell
Thanks to politics, stem cell research in the United States is suffering. But not so in Sweden, which is poised to capture what could be the biggest new market to hit biotech in a decade.
By Stephan Herrera
February 13, 2003
New York, January 1, 2006:
Sweden announces that one of its biotechnology companies is the first in the world to enter clinical trials with a new drug that could cure Alzheimer's disease. Four years ago this type of research was all but stopped in the United States by political and ethical questions − which is ...61... Sweden now seems in the best position to capture a $25 billion market.
Any day now, the U.S. Congress is expected to pass a sweeping new law that could dramatically inhibit researchers from working with stem cells taken from human embryos. Such cells, which can be used to grow a whole host of new cells and organs, could fundamentally change the way we treat heretofore intractable maladies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancer, stroke, liver failure, and heart disease. The only problem is that these cells by definition are derived from human embryos, many of which are cloned or come from unused fetuses collected at fertility clinics. The argument, from a certain segment of the American political spectrum, is that ...62... methods are morally wrong. They are ...63... a form of abortion or an activity that could eventually lead to human cloning.
Those working in stem cell research say the short-term effect of the legislation will be to further chill all forms of scientific inquiry and commercialization efforts in the field. Entrepreneurs and investors are already eschewing such research − in large part because of the additional uncertainty and risk that politics introduce.
Of the nearly 50 private stem cell companies in the United States, only a handful are still viable. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, Sweden has avoided many of the political and ethical quagmires surrounding this type of research. It currently has 40 private stem cell companies, a number that's growing. Sweden's leading research universities have 32 percent of the world's stem cell inventory, close on the heels of the United States' 35 percent.
Sweden, say analysts, is now in the best position to
capture a worldwide market for drugs based on stem cell
therapies that could grow to $25 billion in the next three to five
years − nearly equal to the whole biotech industry at present.
This estimate doesn't even address the market for stem cells
capable of repairing damaged vital organs like the brain, heart,
and kidneys. If the United States offers an object lesson of what
can happen when scientific inquiry and investment capital fall victim to politics, Sweden and its leading stem cell startup,
NeuroNova, offer the opposite example. How odd that the
United States, which for generations has been the envy of the
world for its progressive views of science and commercialization,
should now have a biomedical climate chillier than a Swedish
winter.
One company feeling a lot of pain is StemCells, which at first glance seems to have it all: founding scientists include Stanford's Dr. Weissman and Fred Gage of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California. An equally well-regarded expert in the treatment of Alzheimer's, Dr. Gage spent five years in Sweden as a researcher and now sits on a national committee on stem cell research there. The firm's chairman is Roger Perlmutter, Amgen's head of research.
Yet over the past two years, none of management's efforts to help investors and even critics reconsider the stem cell field have worked. At press time, the stock was thinly traded and sitting in the neighborhood of 50 cents. With less than $15 million in cash, the company likely won't exist at this time next year. (CEO Martin McGlynn, who joined the firm in January 2001, would not talk to Red Herring, despite repeated efforts.)
Some observers on Wall Street are asking, If StemCells can't make it, who can? Geron, the only other publicly held stem cell firm to speak of, is in a fix, too. The company's stock price is also moribund, at $3.85 per share. Thanks to some capital infusions a few years ago, when money came easy, Geron still has $40 million on hand, but by the end of next year, that too will likely be gone. Once a media darling, Geron focuses on diagnostic tests and drugs derived from stem cells, a strategy that's not going well. For the nine months ended last September, revenue fell 68 percent to $955,000 and net loss widened 18 percent to $26.7 million. The company's financials were also hit hard after it terminated an agreement with Pharmacia and acquired research technology from Lynx Therapeutics, which Geron bought in a desperate attempt to be seen as something more than just a stem cell company.
The situation is quite different, however, for Sweden's NeuroNova, which has 30 academic partners and a staff of 20. NeuroNova is working on ways to inject stem cells into the human brain to trigger a process called neurogenesis (the growth of new neural cells), which could combat diseases like Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and even schizophrenia.
If NeuroNova is the first to develop a drug capable of
treating one of several central nervous system disorders − by far
the most lucrative after heart disease products − it will have
done so not because it raised more money or got more media
buzz than the rest. It will have succeeded because the science
is solid, and academe, government, and the investment
community are supportive. Meanwhile, the United States will
look on with envy and wonder how it, a country known for its
entrepreneurial innovation, ever got so short-sighted.
(Adapted from
http://www.redherring.com/investor/2003/02/biotech021303.html)
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