Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 8.877 questões
Q2241612
Inglês
Texto associado
The hard cell
Thanks to politics, stem cell research in the United States is
suffering. But not so in Sweden, which is poised to capture what
could be the biggest new market to hit biotech in a decade.
By Stephan Herrera
February 13, 2003
New York, January 1, 2006:
Sweden announces that one of its biotechnology companies is the first in
the world to enter clinical trials with a new drug that could cure
Alzheimer's disease. Four years ago this type of research was all but
stopped in the United States by political and ethical questions − which is
....58.... Sweden now seems in the best position to capture a $25 billion
market.
Any day now, the U.S. Congress is expected to pass a
sweeping new law that could dramatically inhibit researchers
from working with stem cells taken from human embryos. Such
cells, which can be used to grow a whole host of new cells and
organs, could fundamentally change the way we treat heretofore
intractable maladies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
disease, cancer, stroke, liver failure, and heart disease. The only
problem is that these cells by definition are derived from human
embryos, many of which are cloned or come from unused
fetuses collected at fertility clinics. The argument, from a certain
segment of the American political spectrum, is that ....59.... methods are morally wrong. They are ....60.... a form of abortion or
an activity that could eventually lead to human cloning.
Those working in stem cell research say the short-term
effect of the legislation will be to further chill all forms of scientific
inquiry and commercialization efforts in the field. Entrepreneurs
and investors are already eschewing such research − in large
part because of the additional uncertainty and risk that politics
introduce.
Of the nearly 50 private stem cell companies in the
United States, only a handful are still viable. Meanwhile, across
the Atlantic, Sweden has avoided many of the political and ethical quagmires surrounding this type of research. It currently
has 40 private stem cell companies, a number that's growing.
Sweden's leading research universities have 32 percent of the
world's stem cell inventory, close on the heels of the United
States' 35 percent.
Sweden, say analysts, is now in the best position to
capture a worldwide market for drugs based on stem cell
therapies that could grow to $25 billion in the next three to five
years − nearly equal to the whole biotech industry at present.
This estimate doesn't even address the market for stem cells
capable of repairing damaged vital organs like the brain, heart,
and kidneys. If the United States offers an object lesson of what
can happen when scientific inquiry and investment capital fall
victim to politics, Sweden and its leading stem cell startup,
NeuroNova, offer the opposite example. How odd that the
United States, which for generations has been the envy of the
world for its progressive views of science and commercialization,
should now have a biomedical climate chillier than a Swedish
winter.
One company feeling a lot of pain is StemCells, which at
first glance seems to have it all: founding scientists include
Stanford's Dr. Weissman and Fred Gage of the Salk Institute in
La Jolla, California. An equally well-regarded expert in the
treatment of Alzheimer's, Dr. Gage spent five years in Sweden
as a researcher and now sits on a national committee on stem
cell research there. The firm's chairman is Roger Perlmutter,
Amgen's head of research.
Yet over the past two years, none of management's
efforts to help investors and even critics reconsider the stem cell
field have worked. At press time, the stock was thinly traded and
sitting in the neighborhood of 50 cents. With less than $15
million in cash, the company likely won't exist at this time next year. (CEO Martin McGlynn, who joined the firm in January
2001, would not talk to Red Herring, despite repeated efforts.)
Some observers on Wall Street are asking, If StemCells
can't make it, who can? Geron, the only other publicly held stem
cell firm to speak of, is in a fix, too. The company's stock price is
also moribund, at $3.85 per share. Thanks to some capital
infusions a few years ago, when money came easy, Geron still
has $40 million on hand, but by the end of next year, that too will
likely be gone. Once a media darling, Geron focuses on
diagnostic tests and drugs derived from stem cells, a strategy
that's not going well. For the nine months ended last September,
revenue fell 68 percent to $955,000 and net loss widened 18
percent to $26.7 million. The company's financials were also hit
hard after it terminated an agreement with Pharmacia and
acquired research technology from Lynx Therapeutics, which
Geron bought in a desperate attempt to be seen as something
more than just a stem cell company.
The situation is quite different, however, for Sweden's
NeuroNova, which has 30 academic partners and a staff of 20.
NeuroNova is working on ways to inject stem cells into the
human brain to trigger a process called neurogenesis (the
growth of new neural cells), which could combat diseases like
Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and even schizophrenia.
If NeuroNova is the first to develop a drug capable of
treating one of several central nervous system disorders − by far
the most lucrative after heart disease products − it will have
done so not because it raised more money or got more media
buzz than the rest. It will have succeeded because the science
is solid, and academe, government, and the investment
community are supportive. Meanwhile, the United States will
look on with envy and wonder how it, a country known for its
entrepreneurial innovation, ever got so short-sighted.
(Adapted from
http://www.redherring.com/investor/2003/02/biotech021303.html)
Segundo o texto, a NeuroNova
Q2241602
Inglês
Texto associado
From the IPO to the First Trade: Is Underpricing Related to the
Trading Mechanism?
Sonia Falconieri, Albert Murphy and Daniel Weaver
As documented by a vast empirical literature, IPOs are
characterized by underpricing. Most of the theoretical literature
has linked the size of underpricing to the IPO procedure used on
the primary market. In this paper, by using a matched sample of
NYSE and Nasdaq IPOs, we show that the size of underpricing
also depends on the trading method used in the IPO
aftermarket.
There are two major methods of opening trading of initial
public offerings (IPOs) in the U.S. The NYSE is an order-driven
market ....51.... a call auction allows supply and demand to be
aggregated (at one location) prior to the start of trading. ....52.... ,
Nasdaq is a quote-driven market. Dealers can only specify their
best quotes, and participants have ....53.... idea of supply and
demand away from the inside quotes.
We propose a new proxy for ex ante uncertainty of firm
value and test it. Our results show that there is a larger level of
uncertainty at the beginning of trading on Nasdaq than on the
NYSE. This in turn is associated with larger levels of
underpricing for Nasdaq IPOs. We suggest that this may be due
to the different informational efficiency of the two trading
systems.
(http://www.nyse.com/marketinfo/p1020656068262.html?displayPage=%
2Fmarketinfo%2Fmarketinfo.html)
Os autores do texto sugerem que
Q2241601
Inglês
Texto associado
From the IPO to the First Trade: Is Underpricing Related to the
Trading Mechanism?
Sonia Falconieri, Albert Murphy and Daniel Weaver
As documented by a vast empirical literature, IPOs are
characterized by underpricing. Most of the theoretical literature
has linked the size of underpricing to the IPO procedure used on
the primary market. In this paper, by using a matched sample of
NYSE and Nasdaq IPOs, we show that the size of underpricing
also depends on the trading method used in the IPO
aftermarket.
There are two major methods of opening trading of initial
public offerings (IPOs) in the U.S. The NYSE is an order-driven
market ....51.... a call auction allows supply and demand to be
aggregated (at one location) prior to the start of trading. ....52.... ,
Nasdaq is a quote-driven market. Dealers can only specify their
best quotes, and participants have ....53.... idea of supply and
demand away from the inside quotes.
We propose a new proxy for ex ante uncertainty of firm
value and test it. Our results show that there is a larger level of
uncertainty at the beginning of trading on Nasdaq than on the
NYSE. This in turn is associated with larger levels of
underpricing for Nasdaq IPOs. We suggest that this may be due
to the different informational efficiency of the two trading
systems.
(http://www.nyse.com/marketinfo/p1020656068262.html?displayPage=%
2Fmarketinfo%2Fmarketinfo.html)
O texto acima é
Q2241596
Inglês
Texto associado
From the IPO to the First Trade: Is Underpricing Related to the
Trading Mechanism?
Sonia Falconieri, Albert Murphy and Daniel Weaver
As documented by a vast empirical literature, IPOs are
characterized by underpricing. Most of the theoretical literature
has linked the size of underpricing to the IPO procedure used on
the primary market. In this paper, by using a matched sample of
NYSE and Nasdaq IPOs, we show that the size of underpricing
also depends on the trading method used in the IPO
aftermarket.
There are two major methods of opening trading of initial
public offerings (IPOs) in the U.S. The NYSE is an order-driven
market ....51.... a call auction allows supply and demand to be
aggregated (at one location) prior to the start of trading. ....52.... ,
Nasdaq is a quote-driven market. Dealers can only specify their
best quotes, and participants have ....53.... idea of supply and
demand away from the inside quotes.
We propose a new proxy for ex ante uncertainty of firm
value and test it. Our results show that there is a larger level of
uncertainty at the beginning of trading on Nasdaq than on the
NYSE. This in turn is associated with larger levels of
underpricing for Nasdaq IPOs. We suggest that this may be due
to the different informational efficiency of the two trading
systems.
(http://www.nyse.com/marketinfo/p1020656068262.html?displayPage=%
2Fmarketinfo%2Fmarketinfo.html)
Para responder à questão,
assinale, na folha de respostas, a letra correspondente à alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna do texto apresentado (...51...).
Q2239139
Inglês
Texto associado
Brazil becomes the eight Lead Country of the
Youth Employment Network
At the start of the new century, youth
employment problems continue to pervade both
developed and developing countries, with a
disproportionately large number of young women and
men exposed to long-term unemployment or else
limited to precarious or short-term work. To seek
solutions, the International Labor Organization has
set up the Youth Employment Network (YEN).
Against this background, at a seminar held in
Salvador in September 2003, the Brazilian Minister of
Labor, Mr. Jaques Wagner, announced Brazil’s
decision to volunteer as a Lead Country of the YEN.
Brazil now joins Senegal, Namibia, Egypt, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Hungary and Azerbaijan in championing
the preparation of National Action Plans on youth
unemployment. This policy was called for urgently by
the United Nations (UN) in 2002, and endorsed by
the YEN’s High Level Panel at its meeting in July
2003. Brazil’s decision was communicated through a
letter from President Lula to Juan Somovia, Director
General of the International Labor Organization.
In July 2003, the YEN
Q2239138
Inglês
Texto associado
Brazil becomes the eight Lead Country of the
Youth Employment Network
At the start of the new century, youth
employment problems continue to pervade both
developed and developing countries, with a
disproportionately large number of young women and
men exposed to long-term unemployment or else
limited to precarious or short-term work. To seek
solutions, the International Labor Organization has
set up the Youth Employment Network (YEN).
Against this background, at a seminar held in
Salvador in September 2003, the Brazilian Minister of
Labor, Mr. Jaques Wagner, announced Brazil’s
decision to volunteer as a Lead Country of the YEN.
Brazil now joins Senegal, Namibia, Egypt, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Hungary and Azerbaijan in championing
the preparation of National Action Plans on youth
unemployment. This policy was called for urgently by
the United Nations (UN) in 2002, and endorsed by
the YEN’s High Level Panel at its meeting in July
2003. Brazil’s decision was communicated through a
letter from President Lula to Juan Somovia, Director
General of the International Labor Organization.
The word championing in paragraph 2 means
Q2239137
Inglês
Texto associado
Brazil becomes the eight Lead Country of the
Youth Employment Network
At the start of the new century, youth
employment problems continue to pervade both
developed and developing countries, with a
disproportionately large number of young women and
men exposed to long-term unemployment or else
limited to precarious or short-term work. To seek
solutions, the International Labor Organization has
set up the Youth Employment Network (YEN).
Against this background, at a seminar held in
Salvador in September 2003, the Brazilian Minister of
Labor, Mr. Jaques Wagner, announced Brazil’s
decision to volunteer as a Lead Country of the YEN.
Brazil now joins Senegal, Namibia, Egypt, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia, Hungary and Azerbaijan in championing
the preparation of National Action Plans on youth
unemployment. This policy was called for urgently by
the United Nations (UN) in 2002, and endorsed by
the YEN’s High Level Panel at its meeting in July
2003. Brazil’s decision was communicated through a
letter from President Lula to Juan Somovia, Director
General of the International Labor Organization.
The aim of the Youth Employment Network is to
Q2239136
Inglês
Texto associado
Globalization, work and changes
Globalization is among the most hotly debated
issues on political agendas today. The discussion,
however, tends to be fragmented, with views often
polarized along political or geographic lines. Some
blame globalization for exacerbating unemployment
and poverty, others see it as a way of solving such
problems. Attention and research concentrate on
markets and perceived economic gains or losses
rather than on the impact of globalization on the life
and work of people, their families and their societies.
This lack of consensus makes it harder to
develop policies at national and international levels.
The inadequate focus on the human side of
globalization creates a gap in understanding the
forces of change and how people react to them. Such
knowledge is necessary if appropriate policy
responses are to be developed.
In relation to unemployment and poverty,
globalization
Q2239135
Inglês
Texto associado
Globalization, work and changes
Globalization is among the most hotly debated
issues on political agendas today. The discussion,
however, tends to be fragmented, with views often
polarized along political or geographic lines. Some
blame globalization for exacerbating unemployment
and poverty, others see it as a way of solving such
problems. Attention and research concentrate on
markets and perceived economic gains or losses
rather than on the impact of globalization on the life
and work of people, their families and their societies.
This lack of consensus makes it harder to
develop policies at national and international levels.
The inadequate focus on the human side of
globalization creates a gap in understanding the
forces of change and how people react to them. Such
knowledge is necessary if appropriate policy
responses are to be developed.
According to the text, the effects of globalization in its
various aspects
Q1237675
Inglês
It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of possible actions in the political, economic and social fields, applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of conflict exists; they require information about the causes and likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive action is to take place.
The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping. The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.
Internet:
<http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/SG-Rpt/ch4b.htm> (with adaptations)
Based on text, it can be concluded that
preventive diplomacy usually deals with armed conflicts.
Based on text, it can be concluded that
preventive diplomacy usually deals with armed conflicts.
Q1212668
Inglês
Diplomacy, the conduct of inter-state relations, is an old business, and has remained surprisingly constant across three millennia and five continents. Despite vast changes in its social and economic context, its goals and methods have remained strikingly similar over time, so as the shape of the character of the people active in it.
Perpetually, it has the same core activities: representation, negotiation, observation, reporting, analysis and policy advice. Its meat and drink is politics, trade promotion, economic relations, and consular protection. But nowadays, its scope has widened to cover the whole range of government business in a global society.
The diplomat operates in a field of tensions, between war and peace, depending on the relations between the sending and receiving state. He must be adaptable to both. Psychologically, he is always located somewhere along this spectrum, part man of peace, seeking a productive balance of interests, part man of power, seeking national advantage in the global struggle.
He is by nature ambiguous: a voyager between two worlds, an interpreter between alien cultures, a man who can see both points of view and find common ground. He is a front-line officer who risks being shot in the chest or in the back.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
diplomacy has never experienced any kind of changes in its activities.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
diplomacy has never experienced any kind of changes in its activities.
Q1212602
Inglês
Diplomacy, the conduct of inter-state relations, is an old business, and has remained surprisingly constant across three millennia and five continents. Despite vast changes in its social and economic context, its goals and methods have remained strikingly similar over time, so as the shape of the character of the people active in it.
Perpetually, it has the same core activities: representation, negotiation, observation, reporting, analysis and policy advice. Its meat and drink is politics, trade promotion, economic relations, and consular protection. But nowadays, its scope has widened to cover the whole range of government business in a global society.
The diplomat operates in a field of tensions, between war and peace, depending on the relations between the sending and receiving state. He must be adaptable to both. Psychologically, he is always located somewhere along this spectrum, part man of peace, seeking a productive balance of interests, part man of power, seeking national advantage in the global struggle.
He is by nature ambiguous: a voyager between two worlds, an interpreter between alien cultures, a man who can see both points of view and find common ground. He is a front-line officer who risks being shot in the chest or in the back.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
It can be inferred from the text I that
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
It can be inferred from the text I that
Q1212547
Inglês
Diplomacy, the conduct of inter-state relations, is an old business, and has remained surprisingly constant across three millennia and five continents. Despite vast changes in its social and economic context, its goals and methods have remained strikingly similar over time, so as the shape of the character of the people active in it.
Perpetually, it has the same core activities: representation, negotiation, observation, reporting, analysis and policy advice. Its meat and drink is politics, trade promotion, economic relations, and consular protection. But nowadays, its scope has widened to cover the whole range of government business in a global society.
The diplomat operates in a field of tensions, between war and peace, depending on the relations between the sending and receiving state. He must be adaptable to both. Psychologically, he is always located somewhere along this spectrum, part man of peace, seeking a productive balance of interests, part man of power, seeking national advantage in the global struggle.
He is by nature ambiguous: a voyager between two worlds, an interpreter between alien cultures, a man who can see both points of view and find common ground. He is a front-line officer who risks being shot in the chest or in the back.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
Based on textI, judge the following items.
Diplomacy can be a risky activity.
<http://www.diplomat21.com/diplomacy/necessity.htm> (with adaptations).
Based on textI, judge the following items.
Diplomacy can be a risky activity.
Q1212376
Inglês
It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of possible actions in the political, economic and social fields, applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of conflict exists; they require information about the causes and likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive action is to take place.
The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping. The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.
Internet:
<http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/SG-Rpt/ch4b.htm> (with adaptations)
Based on text, it can be concluded that
preventive diplomacy demands just two conditions to succeed.
Based on text, it can be concluded that
preventive diplomacy demands just two conditions to succeed.
Ano: 2003
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE - 2003 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata |
Q28923
Inglês
Texto associado
It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one
of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from
turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive
deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive
humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a
refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive
peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of
possible actions in the political, economic and social fields,
applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following
characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of
conflict exists; they require information about the causes and
likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate
preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent
of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive
action is to take place.
The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict
should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also
an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping.
The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the
prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is
prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the
patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment
and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.
Internet: (with adaptations).
of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from
turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive
deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive
humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a
refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive
peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of
possible actions in the political, economic and social fields,
applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following
characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of
conflict exists; they require information about the causes and
likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate
preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent
of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive
action is to take place.
The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict
should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also
an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping.
The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the
prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is
prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the
patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment
and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.
Internet:
From text II, it can be deduced that
preventive diplomatic actions should rely on previous intelligence.
preventive diplomatic actions should rely on previous intelligence.
Ano: 2003
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE - 2003 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata |
Q28922
Inglês
Texto associado
It has become clear that preventive diplomacy is only one
of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from
turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive
deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive
humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a
refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive
peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of
possible actions in the political, economic and social fields,
applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following
characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of
conflict exists; they require information about the causes and
likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate
preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent
of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive
action is to take place.
The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict
should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also
an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping.
The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the
prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is
prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the
patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment
and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.
Internet: (with adaptations).
of a class of actions that can be taken to prevent disputes from
turning into armed conflict. Others in this class are preventive
deployment of military and(or) police personnel; preventive
humanitarian action, for example, to manage and resolve a
refugee situation in a sensitive frontier area; and preventive
peace-building, which itself comprises an extensive menu of
possible actions in the political, economic and social fields,
applicable especially to possible internal conflicts.
All these preventive actions share the following
characteristics: they all depend on early warning that the risk of
conflict exists; they require information about the causes and
likely nature of the potential conflict so that the appropriate
preventive action can be identified; and they require the consent
of the party or parties within whose jurisdiction the preventive
action is to take place.
The element of timing is crucial. The potential conflict
should be ripe for the preventive action proposed. Timing is also
an important consideration in peace-making and peace-keeping.
The prevention, control and resolution of a conflict is like the
prevention, control and cure of a disease. If treatment is
prescribed at the wrong moment in the evolution of a disease, the
patient does not improve, and the credibility of both the treatment
and the physician who prescribed it is compromised.
Internet:
From text II, it can be deduced that
preventive peace-building demands several types of action.
preventive peace-building demands several types of action.
Ano: 2003
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE - 2003 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata |
Q28915
Inglês
The diplomat must be ready to compromise.
Ano: 2003
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE - 2003 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata |
Q28910
Inglês
diplomacy has been present all over the world for centuries on end.
Q1212128
Inglês
Responda a questão de acordo com o texto abaixo.
CONTENT BASED INSTRUCTION
In recent years content based instruction has become increasingly popular as a means of developing linguistic ability. It has strong connections to project work, task based learning and a holistic approach to language instruction.
The focus of a CBI lesson is on the topic or subject matter. During the lesson students are focused on learning about something. This could be anything that interests them from a serious science subject to their favourite pop star or even a topical news story or film. They learn about this subject using the language they are trying to learn, rather than their native language, as a tool for developing knowledge and so they develop their linguistic ability in the target language. This is thought to be a more natural way of developing language ability and one that corresponds more to the way we originally learn our first language.
While CBI can be both challenging and demanding for the teacher and the students, it can also be very stimulating and rewarding. The degree to which you adopt this approach may well depend on the willingness of your students, the institution in which you work and the availability of resources within your environment. It could be something that your school wants to consider introducing across the curriculum or something that you experiment with just for one or two lessons. Whichever you choose to do I would advise that you try to involve other teachers within your school, particularly teachers from other subjects. This could help you both in terms of finding sources of information and in having the support of others in helping you to evaluate your work.
Lastly, try to involve your students. Get them to help you decide what topics and subjects the lessons are based around and find out how they feel this kind of lessons compares to your usual lessons. In the end they will be the measure of your success.
Nik Peachey, teacher, trainer and materials writer, The British Council http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/ Acessado em 24 de agosto de 2003
Para Nik Peachey, envolver outros colegas professores na CBI
In recent years content based instruction has become increasingly popular as a means of developing linguistic ability. It has strong connections to project work, task based learning and a holistic approach to language instruction.
The focus of a CBI lesson is on the topic or subject matter. During the lesson students are focused on learning about something. This could be anything that interests them from a serious science subject to their favourite pop star or even a topical news story or film. They learn about this subject using the language they are trying to learn, rather than their native language, as a tool for developing knowledge and so they develop their linguistic ability in the target language. This is thought to be a more natural way of developing language ability and one that corresponds more to the way we originally learn our first language.
While CBI can be both challenging and demanding for the teacher and the students, it can also be very stimulating and rewarding. The degree to which you adopt this approach may well depend on the willingness of your students, the institution in which you work and the availability of resources within your environment. It could be something that your school wants to consider introducing across the curriculum or something that you experiment with just for one or two lessons. Whichever you choose to do I would advise that you try to involve other teachers within your school, particularly teachers from other subjects. This could help you both in terms of finding sources of information and in having the support of others in helping you to evaluate your work.
Lastly, try to involve your students. Get them to help you decide what topics and subjects the lessons are based around and find out how they feel this kind of lessons compares to your usual lessons. In the end they will be the measure of your success.
Nik Peachey, teacher, trainer and materials writer, The British Council http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/ Acessado em 24 de agosto de 2003
Para Nik Peachey, envolver outros colegas professores na CBI
Ano: 2002
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Banco do Brasil
Prova:
CESPE - 2002 - Banco do Brasil - Escriturário |
Q7732
Inglês
Texto associado
Text VII – questions 38 through 40
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
The sentence "Rapid growth in the urban population has aided economic development but also created serious problems for major cities" (R.5-7) means the same as
World Bank Brazil – country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazil’s “miracle years” were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazil’s economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economy’s inability to respond to
international events in the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.
Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter…/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).
The sentence "Rapid growth in the urban population has aided economic development but also created serious problems for major cities" (R.5-7) means the same as
The bigger and faster urban population grows, the less serious
problems are caused.
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