Questões de Inglês - Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension para Concurso
Foram encontradas 2.359 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324509
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-II
I have often thought how interesting a magazine paper
might be written by any author who would—that is to say, who
could—detail, step by step, the processes by which any one of
his compositions attained its ultimate point of completion. Why
such a paper has never been given to the world, I am much at a
loss to say—but, perhaps, the authorial vanity has had more to do
with the omission than any one other cause. Most writers—poets
in especial—prefer having it understood that they compose by a
species of fine frenzy—an ecstatic intuition—and would
positively shudder at letting the public take a peep behind the
scenes, at the elaborate and vacillating crudities of thought—at
the true purposes seized only at the last moment—at the
innumerable glimpses of idea that arrived not at the maturity of
full view—at the fully-matured fancies discarded in despair as
unmanageable—at the cautious selections and rejections—at the
painful erasures and interpolations—in a word, at the wheels and
pinions—the tackle for scene-shifting—the step-ladders, and
demon-traps—the cock’s feathers, the red paint and the black
patches, which, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, constitute
the properties of the literary histrio.
I am aware, on the other hand, that the case is by no
means common, in which an author is at all in condition to
retrace the steps by which his conclusions have been attained. In
general, suggestions, having arisen pell-mell are pursued and
forgotten in a similar manner.
For my own part, I have neither sympathy with the
repugnance alluded to, nor, at any time, the least difficulty in
recalling to mind the progressive steps of any of my
compositions, and, since the interest of an analysis or
reconstruction, such as I have considered a desideratum, is quite
independent of any real or fancied interest in the thing analysed,
it will not be regarded as a breach of decorum on my part to
show the modus operandi by which some one of my own works
was put together. I select The Raven as most generally known. It
is my design to render it manifest that no one point in its
composition is referable either to accident or intuition—that the
work proceeded step by step, to its completion, with the precision
and rigid consequence of a mathematical problem.
Edgar Allan Poe. The Philosophy of Composition, 1846 (adapted)
According to Edgar Allan Poe’s point of view, portrayed in text
1A2-II, behind the scenes of writing,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324506
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves
about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic
expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we
call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not
like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort.
The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in
particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there
must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The
formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is
as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between
the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the
material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively
surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its
brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material
“disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s
conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time
being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish
moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien
atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the
law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a
medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze
or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has
its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and
possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those
of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance
of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The
literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered
or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a
question of translating his work into another language, the nature
of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have
been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal
“genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over
without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in
saying that a work of literary art can never be translated.
Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with
astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)
For the author of text 1A2-I,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
MRE
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - MRE - Oficial de Chancelaria |
Q2324505
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1A2-I
Languages are more to us than systems of thoughttransference. They are invisible garments that drape themselves
about our spirit and give a predetermined form to all its symbolic
expression. When the expression is of unusual significance, we
call it literature. Art is so personal an expression that we do not
like to feel that it is bound to predetermined form of any sort.
The possibilities of individual expression are infinite, language in
particular is the most fluid of mediums. Yet some limitation there
must be to this freedom, some resistance of the medium.
In great art there is the illusion of absolute freedom. The
formal restraints imposed by the material are not perceived; it is
as though there were a limitless margin of elbow room between
the artist’s fullest utilization of form and the most that the
material is innately capable of. The artist has intuitively
surrendered to the inescapable tyranny of the material, made its
brute nature fuse easily with his conception. The material
“disappears” precisely because there is nothing in the artist’s
conception to indicate that any other material exists. For the time
being, he, and we with him, move in the artistic medium as a fish
moves in the water, oblivious of the existence of an alien
atmosphere. No sooner, however, does the artist transgress the
law of his medium than we realize with a start that there is a
medium to obey.
Language is the medium of literature as marble or bronze
or clay are the materials of the sculptor. Since every language has
its distinctive peculiarities, the innate formal limitations—and
possibilities—of one literature are never quite the same as those
of another. The literature fashioned out of the form and substance
of a language has the color and the texture of its matrix. The
literary artist may never be conscious of just how he is hindered
or helped or otherwise guided by the matrix, but when it is a
question of translating his work into another language, the nature
of the original matrix manifests itself at once. All his effects have
been calculated, or intuitively felt, with reference to the formal
“genius” of his own language; they cannot be carried over
without loss or modification. Croce is therefore perfectly right in
saying that a work of literary art can never be translated.
Nevertheless, literature does get itself translated, sometimes with
astonishing adequacy.
Edward Sapir. Language: an introduction to the study of speech. 1921 (adapted)
According to the ideas of text 1A2-I, choose the correct option.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 1: Administração
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 2: Advocacia |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase: 3: Análise Ambiental |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase: 5: Análise de Sistemas: Segurança Cibernética e da Informação |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase: 4: Análise de Sistemas - Infraestrutura |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 6: Processos de Negócios |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 7: Análise de Sistemas - Sap - Finanças e Contabilidade |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 8: Comercialização e Logística - Comércio e Suprimentos |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 9: Comercialização e Logística - Transporte Marítimo |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Jornalismo Junior: Ênfase: 10: Comunicador Social - Jornalismo |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 11: Comunicador Social - Publicidade e Propaganda |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 12: Comunicador Social - Relações Públicas |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 13: Contabilidade |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 19: Engenharia de Produção |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 24: Engenharia Mecânica |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 20: Engenharia de Segurança |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 21: Engenharia de Telecomunicações |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 14: Enfermagem do Trabalho |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 15: Engenharia Ambiental |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 16: Engenharia Civil |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 22: Engenharia Elétrica |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 28 Serviço Social |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 27: Pedagogia |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 23: Engenharia Geotécnica |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 17: Engenharia de Automação |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 18: Engenharia de Inspeção |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 25: Engenharia Naval |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 26: Engenharia Química |
Q2324389
Inglês
Texto associado
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with
every advance, it is becoming more accessible to
industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms)
and space-based data are underpinning new ways
of operating that boost both sustainability and
profitability. Some projects are still in the planning
stages, offering great promise for the future. However,
others are already delivering practical results.
2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall
into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to
deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access
to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit
(MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer
low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data.
Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming,
driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers
are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging
customer needs and the potential applications are
incredible – as a look at the transportation sector
shows.
3 Satellite technology is a critical part of
revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites
for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will
provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight
will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays
for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help
operators reduce emissions by using the network
more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance
and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It
will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift
more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits
even less CO2
per passenger than electric cars do).
4 Satellite data and communications will also play
a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future
for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector
contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and
this needs to change.
5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate
will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control
the electricity network, managing highly variable
supply and demand, as well as a large network of
EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future
forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As
more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network
of EV charging points, connecting each point to the
internet for operational management purposes, for
billing and access app functionality and for the users’
comfort, they may access the system wherever they
are.
7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of
the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential
for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to
support real-time software patches, map updates
and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and
enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded
in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art
technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical
benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on
April 25, 2023. Adapted.
In the eighth paragraph of the text, the author states that,
for the last 40 years, the company where he works has
been
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Provas:
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 1: Administração
|
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 2: Advocacia |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase: 3: Análise Ambiental |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase: 5: Análise de Sistemas: Segurança Cibernética e da Informação |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase: 4: Análise de Sistemas - Infraestrutura |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 6: Processos de Negócios |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 7: Análise de Sistemas - Sap - Finanças e Contabilidade |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 8: Comercialização e Logística - Comércio e Suprimentos |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 9: Comercialização e Logística - Transporte Marítimo |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Jornalismo Junior: Ênfase: 10: Comunicador Social - Jornalismo |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 11: Comunicador Social - Publicidade e Propaganda |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 12: Comunicador Social - Relações Públicas |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 13: Contabilidade |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 19: Engenharia de Produção |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 24: Engenharia Mecânica |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 20: Engenharia de Segurança |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 21: Engenharia de Telecomunicações |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 14: Enfermagem do Trabalho |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 15: Engenharia Ambiental |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 16: Engenharia Civil |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 22: Engenharia Elétrica |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 28 Serviço Social |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 27: Pedagogia |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 23: Engenharia Geotécnica |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 17: Engenharia de Automação |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 18: Engenharia de Inspeção |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 25: Engenharia Naval |
CESGRANRIO - 2023 - Transpetro - Profissional Transpetro de Nível Superior - Junior: Ênfase 26: Engenharia Química |
Q2324385
Inglês
Texto associado
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with
every advance, it is becoming more accessible to
industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms)
and space-based data are underpinning new ways
of operating that boost both sustainability and
profitability. Some projects are still in the planning
stages, offering great promise for the future. However,
others are already delivering practical results.
2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall
into two categories: connectivity that can reach into
situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to
deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by
Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access
to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit
(MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer
low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data.
Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming,
driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers
are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging
customer needs and the potential applications are
incredible – as a look at the transportation sector
shows.
3 Satellite technology is a critical part of
revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites
for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will
provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that,
combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight
will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays
for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help
operators reduce emissions by using the network
more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance
and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It
will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift
more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits
even less CO2
per passenger than electric cars do).
4 Satellite data and communications will also play
a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future
for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector
contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas
emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and
this needs to change.
5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate
will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control
the electricity network, managing highly variable
supply and demand, as well as a large network of
EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future
forecasting models for wind and solar production, to
help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As
more wind and solar installations join the electricity
network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G
struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network
of EV charging points, connecting each point to the
internet for operational management purposes, for
billing and access app functionality and for the users’
comfort, they may access the system wherever they
are.
7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of
the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated
driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential
for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to
support real-time software patches, map updates
and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites
provide regular software updates to vehicles and
enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call
service.
8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded
in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and
we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art
technologies and use cases. We have a strong track
record of translating these advances into practical
benefits for our customers that make sense on both a
business and a sustainability level.
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on
April 25, 2023. Adapted.
In the fragment in the fourth paragraph of the text “a
sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the
transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s
greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road
vehicles”, the word which refers to