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Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.
Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an
inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.
In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and
other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers
design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the
environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the
competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and
use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to
encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of
Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and
avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good
stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and the Central Park
Conservancy announced that the hedge fund billionaire
John A. Paulson, along with the Paulson Family Foundation,
were giving $100 million to the Central Park Conservancy. It
is believed to be the largest gift ever to a public park.
Mr. Paulson, a lifelong New Yorker, said that as an
infant he was pushed around in a baby carriage in the park
and that he later remembered going to Bethesda Fountain
as a teenager and seeing it covered in graffiti, with no
water flowing. The announcement of the gift carne during a
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what
prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my
mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's
cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a
difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is
relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144
million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment,
while the other half will be used for capital improvements.
Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important:
Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the
Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer,
the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central
Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift
to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and
Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It
was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard
Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies
in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the
Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well
as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president
and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which
operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as
"transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of
restoration and decline that has marked the park
throughout its 153-year history.
(http://www. nytimes. com)
"It wos also attended by Elizobeth Borlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding."
"Attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder" means that them both:
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
"It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding."
"Attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder" means that them both:
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
I. Central Park is a cultural institution.
II. The Park's endowment is the biggest one around the country.
III. Central Park's fountain is the most important one around the world nowadays.
Is (are) correct:
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
I.Refers to people who are living in Rome.
II. Is a verb. ,
III.Is plural.
Is (are) correct:
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Is computer shopping the way of the future? About 37% of American households now have personal computers. And shopping by computer (or “shopping on-line") is interesting to more people every day. Already, shoppers can use their computers to order many different products, such as computer products, flowers, food, T-shirts, and posters. And new on-line shopping services appear every day. Soon people may be able to shop for anything, anytime, anywhere in the world.
(Richards, Jack C. New Interchange 1. Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Which of the products can be acquired by computer, according to the text?
Is computer shopping the way of the future? About 37% of American households now have personal computers. And shopping by computer (or “shopping on-line") is interesting to more people every day. Already, shoppers can use their computers to order many different products, such as computer products, flowers, food, T-shirts, and posters. And new on-line shopping services appear every day. Soon people may be able to shop for anything, anytime, anywhere in the world.
(Richards, Jack C. New Interchange 1. Cambridge University Press, 2000)
It is correct about the text that.
By Sally Kane, About.com Guide
Born in the mid-1980's and later, Generation Y legal professionals are in their 20s and are just entering the workforce. With numbers estimated as high as 70 million, Generation Y (also -1- as the Millennials) is the fastest growing segment of today's workforce. As law firms compete for available talent, employers cannot ignore the needs, desires and attitudes of this vast generation. Below are a few common traits that define Generation Y.
Tech-Savvy: Generation Y grew up with technology and rely on it to perform their jobs better. Armed with BlackBerrys, laptops, cellphones and other gadgets, Generation Y is plugged-in 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This generation prefers to communicate through e-mail and text messaging rather than face-to-face contact and -2- webinars and online technology to traditional lecture-based presentations.
Family-Centric: The fast-track has lost much of its appeal for Generation Y who is willing to trade high pay for fewer billable hours, flexible schedules and a better work/life balance. While older generations may view this attitude as narcissistic or lacking commitment, discipline and drive, Generation Y legal professionals have a different vision of workplace expectations and prioritize family over work.
Achievement-Oriented: Nurtured and pampered -3- parents who did not want to make the mistakes of the previous generation, Generation Y is confident, ambitious and achievement-oriented. They have high expectations of their employers, seek out new challenges and are not afraid to question authority. Generation Y wants meaningful work and a solid learning curve
Team-Oriented: As children, Generation Y participated in team sports, play groups and other group activities. They value teamwork and seek the input and affirmation of others. Part of a no-person-left-behind generation, Generation Y is loyal, committed and wants to be included and involved.
Attention-Craving: Generation Y craves attention in the forms of feedback and guidance. They appreciate being kept in the loop and seek frequent praise and reassurance. Generation Y may benefit greatly from mentors who can help guide and develop their young careers.
Font: http://legalcareers.about.com/od/practicetips/a/Ge...
By Sally Kane, About.com Guide
Born in the mid-1980's and later, Generation Y legal professionals are in their 20s and are just entering the workforce. With numbers estimated as high as 70 million, Generation Y (also -1- as the Millennials) is the fastest growing segment of today's workforce. As law firms compete for available talent, employers cannot ignore the needs, desires and attitudes of this vast generation. Below are a few common traits that define Generation Y.
Tech-Savvy: Generation Y grew up with technology and rely on it to perform their jobs better. Armed with BlackBerrys, laptops, cellphones and other gadgets, Generation Y is plugged-in 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This generation prefers to communicate through e-mail and text messaging rather than face-to-face contact and -2- webinars and online technology to traditional lecture-based presentations.
Family-Centric: The fast-track has lost much of its appeal for Generation Y who is willing to trade high pay for fewer billable hours, flexible schedules and a better work/life balance. While older generations may view this attitude as narcissistic or lacking commitment, discipline and drive, Generation Y legal professionals have a different vision of workplace expectations and prioritize family over work.
Achievement-Oriented: Nurtured and pampered -3- parents who did not want to make the mistakes of the previous generation, Generation Y is confident, ambitious and achievement-oriented. They have high expectations of their employers, seek out new challenges and are not afraid to question authority. Generation Y wants meaningful work and a solid learning curve
Team-Oriented: As children, Generation Y participated in team sports, play groups and other group activities. They value teamwork and seek the input and affirmation of others. Part of a no-person-left-behind generation, Generation Y is loyal, committed and wants to be included and involved.
Attention-Craving: Generation Y craves attention in the forms of feedback and guidance. They appreciate being kept in the loop and seek frequent praise and reassurance. Generation Y may benefit greatly from mentors who can help guide and develop their young careers.
Font: http://legalcareers.about.com/od/practicetips/a/Ge...
A pair of new technologies could reduce the cost of capturing carbon dioxide from coal plants and help utilities comply with existing and proposed environmental regulations, including requirements to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. Both involve burning coal in the presence of pure oxygen rather than air, which is mostly nitrogen. The basic idea of burning fossil fuels in pure oxygen is not new. The drawback is that it is more expensive than conventional coal plant technology, because it requires additional equipment to separate oxygen and nitrogen. The new technologies attempt to offset at least some of this cost by improving efficiency and reducing capital costs in other areas of a coal plant.
Internet: < m.technologyreview.com> (adapted).
According to the text, it can be concluded that
coal plants are yet to fully accept the proposal to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
A pair of new technologies could reduce the cost of capturing carbon dioxide from coal plants and help utilities comply with existing and proposed environmental regulations, including requirements to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. Both involve burning coal in the presence of pure oxygen rather than air, which is mostly nitrogen. The basic idea of burning fossil fuels in pure oxygen is not new. The drawback is that it is more expensive than conventional coal plant technology, because it requires additional equipment to separate oxygen and nitrogen. The new technologies attempt to offset at least some of this cost by improving efficiency and reducing capital costs in other areas of a coal plant.
Internet: < m.technologyreview.com> (adapted).
According to the text, it can be concluded that
it is mostly the use of pure nitrogen that can help reduce the cost of capturing carbon dioxide from coal plants.
When investigators try to discover what caused an airliner to crash, the first thing they hope to find are the flight data recorders, popularly known as “black boxes”. These devices, usually painted bright orange, record how the aircraft was flying and the last 30 minutes or so of conversation in the cockpit. The information extracted from them has helped to determine the cause of air crashes and to improve aviation safety. Similar recording systems are fitted to some trains, ships and lorries. Now a bill in America’s Congress seeks to make it compulsory for data recorders to be fitted to all cars by 2015.
The idea is that data captured by the recorders would give investigators and road-safety officials a better understanding of how certain crashes come about.
Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the items below.
Flight data recorders register about 30 minutes of conversation in the cockpit.
When investigators try to discover what caused an airliner to crash, the first thing they hope to find are the flight data recorders, popularly known as “black boxes”. These devices, usually painted bright orange, record how the aircraft was flying and the last 30 minutes or so of conversation in the cockpit. The information extracted from them has helped to determine the cause of air crashes and to improve aviation safety. Similar recording systems are fitted to some trains, ships and lorries. Now a bill in America’s Congress seeks to make it compulsory for data recorders to be fitted to all cars by 2015.
The idea is that data captured by the recorders would give investigators and road-safety officials a better understanding of how certain crashes come about.
Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the items below.
The recording safety system built in cars will enable investigators and road-safety officials to grasp more easily how certain accidents take place.
When investigators try to discover what caused an airliner to crash, the first thing they hope to find are the flight data recorders, popularly known as “black boxes”. These devices, usually painted bright orange, record how the aircraft was flying and the last 30 minutes or so of conversation in the cockpit. The information extracted from them has helped to determine the cause of air crashes and to improve aviation safety. Similar recording systems are fitted to some trains, ships and lorries. Now a bill in America’s Congress seeks to make it compulsory for data recorders to be fitted to all cars by 2015.
The idea is that data captured by the recorders would give investigators and road-safety officials a better understanding of how certain crashes come about.
Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
Based on the text, judge the items below.
America’s Congress will make it obligatory for cars to use data recorders similar to those found in airplanes.