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The Great Wall of China
Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wallconscious; from the Neolithic period – when barriers were used - to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze. The name for “city” in Chinese (ch’eng) means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity.
However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall connected the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third century B.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads. Especially three of these states: the Ch’in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch’in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall.
The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important one. Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country’s trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia – the formation of the Silk Route. Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defence institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall
The Great Wall of China
Walls and wall building have played a very important role in Chinese culture. These people, from the dim mists of prehistory have been wallconscious; from the Neolithic period – when barriers were used - to the Communist Revolution, walls were an essential part of any village. Not only towns and villages; the houses and the temples within them were somehow walled, and the houses also had no windows overlooking the street, thus giving the feeling of wandering around a huge maze. The name for “city” in Chinese (ch’eng) means wall, and over these walled cities, villages, houses and temples presides the god of walls and mounts, whose duties were, and still are, to protect and be responsible for the welfare of the inhabitants. Thus a great and extremely laborious task such as constructing a wall, which was supposed to run throughout the country, must not have seemed such an absurdity.
However, it is indeed a common mistake to perceive the Great Wall as a single architectural structure, and it would also be erroneous to assume that it was built during a single dynasty. For the building of the wall connected the various dynasties, and each of these dynasties somehow contributed to the refurbishing and the construction of a wall, whose foundations had been laid many centuries ago. It was during the fourth and third century B.C. that each warring state started building walls to protect their kingdoms, both against one another and against the northern nomads. Especially three of these states: the Ch’in, the Chao and the Yen, corresponding respectively to the modern provinces of Shensi, Shanzi and Hopei, over and above building walls that surrounded their kingdoms, also laid the foundations on which Ch’in Shih Huang Di would build his first continuous Great Wall.
The role that the Great Wall played in the growth of Chinese economy was an important one. Throughout the centuries many settlements were established along the new border. The garrison troops were instructed to reclaim wasteland and to plant crops on it, roads and canals were built, to mention just a few of the works carried out. All these undertakings greatly helped to increase the country’s trade and cultural exchanges with many remote areas and also with the southern, central and western parts of Asia – the formation of the Silk Route. Builders, garrisons, artisans, farmers and peasants left behind a trail of objects, including inscribed tablets, household articles, and written work, which have become extremely valuable archaeological evidence to the study of defence institutions of the Great Wall and the everyday life of these people who lived and died along the wall
Read the text below entitled “Brazil's big challenge ahead of Rio 2016” so as to answer question:
Brazil´s big challenge ahead of Rio 2016
Source: www.guardian.com.uk (Adapted)
Aug 26th, 2012
Many Brazilians watched the closing ceremony of the London Olympics with trepidation. “Do you think we will be able to manage anything more than a couple of carnival fl oats, some football and traffi c jams?” mused one of my friends.
It is a few years since I have heard such expressions of national self-doubt. When I fi rst arrived in Brazil, almost 10 years ago, the country had just elected its fi rst leftwing president, Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva. Both the currency and stock exchange were in freefall as investors took fright.
Lula's fi rst term in offi ce combined cautious economic orthodoxy and some critical social reforms. The minimum wage was raised signifi cantly and an innovative cash transfer called Bolsa Família introduced for poor families. A start was also made in reforming the Brazilian justice system. At the same time the government kept an eye on public spending, ran a primary budget surplus and began to reduce the national debt.
These days the scenario has been changing.
Economic growth stalled last year, choked by a hugely
overvalued currency. This year looks even worse, as export
demand has been hit by the global recession. While the
government's success in reducing its still astronomically
high inequality was a spur to domestic demand, economic
growth was underpinned by the export of primary
commodities such as soya, coffee and iron ore.
Read the text below entitled “Brazil's big challenge ahead of Rio 2016” so as to answer question:
Brazil´s big challenge ahead of Rio 2016
Source: www.guardian.com.uk (Adapted)
Aug 26th, 2012
Many Brazilians watched the closing ceremony of the London Olympics with trepidation. “Do you think we will be able to manage anything more than a couple of carnival fl oats, some football and traffi c jams?” mused one of my friends.
It is a few years since I have heard such expressions of national self-doubt. When I fi rst arrived in Brazil, almost 10 years ago, the country had just elected its fi rst leftwing president, Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva. Both the currency and stock exchange were in freefall as investors took fright.
Lula's fi rst term in offi ce combined cautious economic orthodoxy and some critical social reforms. The minimum wage was raised signifi cantly and an innovative cash transfer called Bolsa Família introduced for poor families. A start was also made in reforming the Brazilian justice system. At the same time the government kept an eye on public spending, ran a primary budget surplus and began to reduce the national debt.
These days the scenario has been changing.
Economic growth stalled last year, choked by a hugely
overvalued currency. This year looks even worse, as export
demand has been hit by the global recession. While the
government's success in reducing its still astronomically
high inequality was a spur to domestic demand, economic
growth was underpinned by the export of primary
commodities such as soya, coffee and iron ore.
Read the text below entitled “Brazil's big challenge ahead of Rio 2016” so as to answer question:
Brazil´s big challenge ahead of Rio 2016
Source: www.guardian.com.uk (Adapted)
Aug 26th, 2012
Many Brazilians watched the closing ceremony of the London Olympics with trepidation. “Do you think we will be able to manage anything more than a couple of carnival fl oats, some football and traffi c jams?” mused one of my friends.
It is a few years since I have heard such expressions of national self-doubt. When I fi rst arrived in Brazil, almost 10 years ago, the country had just elected its fi rst leftwing president, Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva. Both the currency and stock exchange were in freefall as investors took fright.
Lula's fi rst term in offi ce combined cautious economic orthodoxy and some critical social reforms. The minimum wage was raised signifi cantly and an innovative cash transfer called Bolsa Família introduced for poor families. A start was also made in reforming the Brazilian justice system. At the same time the government kept an eye on public spending, ran a primary budget surplus and began to reduce the national debt.
These days the scenario has been changing.
Economic growth stalled last year, choked by a hugely
overvalued currency. This year looks even worse, as export
demand has been hit by the global recession. While the
government's success in reducing its still astronomically
high inequality was a spur to domestic demand, economic
growth was underpinned by the export of primary
commodities such as soya, coffee and iron ore.
Read the text below entitled “Facing headwinds, Dilma changes course” so as to answer question:
Facing headwinds, Dilma changes course
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted)
Aug 18th, 2012
The government announces plans to privatise infrastructure, and disappoints striking bureaucrats. In recent years Brazil's government has been able to avoid tough spending choices. Faster economic growth and falling tax evasion have translated into steadily rising revenues, allowing the federal government to hire more workers and pay them more, as well as to boost pensions and social transfers. But the fat times are over. In 2011 economic growth was only 2.7%; this year 2% looks optimistic. Tax revenues are rising only a little faster than infl ation. The government can no longer satisfy everyone.
The noisiest demands come from public-sector
workers. Teachers at federal universities have been on strike
for three months; they have recently been joined by federal
police, tax offi cials and staff at some regulatory agencies.
The strikers'demands would swell the government's salary
bill by up to 50%; infl ation is running at 5.2%.
Read the text below entitled “Facing headwinds, Dilma changes course” so as to answer question:
Facing headwinds, Dilma changes course
Source: www.economist.com (Adapted)
Aug 18th, 2012
The government announces plans to privatise infrastructure, and disappoints striking bureaucrats. In recent years Brazil's government has been able to avoid tough spending choices. Faster economic growth and falling tax evasion have translated into steadily rising revenues, allowing the federal government to hire more workers and pay them more, as well as to boost pensions and social transfers. But the fat times are over. In 2011 economic growth was only 2.7%; this year 2% looks optimistic. Tax revenues are rising only a little faster than infl ation. The government can no longer satisfy everyone.
The noisiest demands come from public-sector
workers. Teachers at federal universities have been on strike
for three months; they have recently been joined by federal
police, tax offi cials and staff at some regulatory agencies.
The strikers'demands would swell the government's salary
bill by up to 50%; infl ation is running at 5.2%.
Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.
Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an
inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.
In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and
other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers
design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the
environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the
competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and
use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to
encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of
Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and
avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good
stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.
Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an
inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.
In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and
other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers
design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the
environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the
competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and
use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to
encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of
Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and
avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good
stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.
Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an
inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.
In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and
other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers
design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the
environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the
competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and
use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to
encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of
Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and
avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good
stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
Reality Television
Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary. Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early years of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.
Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from game or quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no tsukai), to surveillance- or voyeurism- focused productions such as Big Brother.
Critics say that the term "reality television" is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coached to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.
Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.
Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an
inaccurate description for several styles of program included in the genre.
In competition-based programs such as Big Brother and Survivor, and
other special-living-environment shows like The Real World, the producers
design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the
environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the
competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and
use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to
encourage particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of
Survivor and other reality shows, has agreed with this assessment, and
avoids the word "reality" to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell good
stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and the Central Park
Conservancy announced that the hedge fund billionaire
John A. Paulson, along with the Paulson Family Foundation,
were giving $100 million to the Central Park Conservancy. It
is believed to be the largest gift ever to a public park.
Mr. Paulson, a lifelong New Yorker, said that as an
infant he was pushed around in a baby carriage in the park
and that he later remembered going to Bethesda Fountain
as a teenager and seeing it covered in graffiti, with no
water flowing. The announcement of the gift carne during a
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what
prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my
mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's
cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a
difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is
relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144
million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment,
while the other half will be used for capital improvements.
Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important:
Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the
Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer,
the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central
Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift
to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and
Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It
was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard
Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies
in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the
Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well
as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president
and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which
operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as
"transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of
restoration and decline that has marked the park
throughout its 153-year history.
(http://www. nytimes. com)
"It wos also attended by Elizobeth Borlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding."
"Attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder" means that them both:
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
"It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding."
"Attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder" means that them both:
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
I. Central Park is a cultural institution.
II. The Park's endowment is the biggest one around the country.
III. Central Park's fountain is the most important one around the world nowadays.
Is (are) correct:
Hedge Fund Manager Donates $100 Million for
Central Park
ceremony at the fountain.
When asked at the news conference what prompted the gift, Mr. Paulson said: "Walking through the
park in different seasons, it kept coming back that in my mind Central Park is the most deserving of ali of New York's cultural institutions. And I wanted the amount to make a difference. The park is very large, and its endowment is relatively small."
The park's current endowment stands at $144 million. Half of Mr. Paulson's gift will go to the endowment, while the other half will be used for capital improvements. Mr. Paulson mentioned that he considered important: Restoring the park's North Woods, and sprucing up the Merchanfs Gate entrance at the park's Southwest comer, the most heavily used entrance.
Mr. Paulson has been a supporter of the Central Park Conservancy for 20 years, but this is his first major gift to the park. He joined the conservancy's board in June.
Two former parks commissioners, Henry Stern and Adrian Benepe, were at the news conference on Tuesday. It was also attended by Elizabeth Barlow Rogers and Richard Gilder, key figures in the conservancy's founding.
The announcement was made under cloudy skies in a ceremony attended by hundreds of employees of the Central Park Conservancy in their gray sweatshirts, as well as the conservancy's board. Doug Blonsky, the president and chief executive officer of the conservancy, which operates Central Park for the city, hailed the gift as "transformational," saying that it would break the cycle of restoration and decline that has marked the park throughout its 153-year history.
(h ttp ://www. nytimes. com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
Dapper as always in their bleached white shirts and matching caps, members of Rome's municipal police force were out on the Spanish Steps one warm autumn day, trolling for offenders.
"Stefano, look! There's another eater," one officer said to another before sauntering over to a baffled couple who had begun munching on an inoffensive-looking meai while sitting on the steps. The culprits, a couple of foreign tourists, had settled down on the landmark, one of Rome's most famous. In their hands were the offending items: sandwiches.
The officers pounced, and after much waving of hands, the couple wrapped up the sandwiches and slouched away, looking sheepish.
They were in violation unwittingly, in ali probability - of a municipal ordinance that went into force this month. The measure outlaws eating and drinking in areas of "particular historie, artistic, architectonic and cultural value" in Rome's center, to better protect the city's monuments, which include landmarks like the Colosseum, the Pantheon and the Spanish Steps. Fines range ali the way up to $650 for culinary recidivists.
Italian cities, Rome included, have long enacted ordinances and regulations to protect monuments from ill- mannered tourists (and residents). But after a recent stroll through the city center, where he saw several people making themselves at home, literally, Rome's mayor, Gianni Alemanno, decided the rules needed toughening.
"There were people camped out, and we weren't able to move them," said Antonio Gazzellone, the municipal council member responsible for tourism, noting that alcohol may have been involved. The new ordinance, which also outlaws camping or "setting up makeshift beds," will "give monuments back their proper decorum," he said. "Rome needs to be protected, its beauty respected."
(http://www.nytimes.com)
I.Refers to people who are living in Rome.
II. Is a verb. ,
III.Is plural.
Is (are) correct: