Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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Asphalt versus concrete
Which material is better for your project?
Before a public works (or street maintenance, or road repair) department can decide whether to use concrete or asphalt in a specific application, the department manager must arm himself with information to help him make the best choice.
Asphalt is more common for a department to specify than
concrete. “Asphalt over concrete – that’s the standard. It is
what has been done for so long. But because it is the “standard”
doesn’t necessarily make it the best option for all applications.
Concrete may be better in some instances, the first of which is
new construction. In urban metropolitan areas, where new roads
are being built and existing roadways are being expanded, using
concrete may be a good way to minimize future inconvenience.
Funding is a big challenge. People are looking for short-term
fixes, which have a political impact.
Asphalt also can be specified as a long-term solution. Some pavement types must be completely removed and reconstructed when they reach the end of their design life, but total removal and reconstruction due to structural failure of a thick asphalt pavement is rare. With a thick asphalt structure, it is possible to obtain a ‘Perpetual Pavement’ one that can last indefinitely, with the only rehabilitation being milling of the surface followed by an asphalt overlay. Perpetual Pavement is a relatively new type of asphalt concrete pavement designed to resist structural fatigue distress for at least 50 years. Maintenance is limited to replacement of the surface course
(http://www.pwmag.com/bridges/ asphalt-versus-concrete.aspx.20.03.2006.Adaptado)
O termo but em - But because it is the “standard” doesn’t necessarily make it the best option for all applications. – implica
Asphalt versus concrete
Which material is better for your project?
Before a public works (or street maintenance, or road repair) department can decide whether to use concrete or asphalt in a specific application, the department manager must arm himself with information to help him make the best choice.
Asphalt is more common for a department to specify than
concrete. “Asphalt over concrete – that’s the standard. It is
what has been done for so long. But because it is the “standard”
doesn’t necessarily make it the best option for all applications.
Concrete may be better in some instances, the first of which is
new construction. In urban metropolitan areas, where new roads
are being built and existing roadways are being expanded, using
concrete may be a good way to minimize future inconvenience.
Funding is a big challenge. People are looking for short-term
fixes, which have a political impact.
Asphalt also can be specified as a long-term solution. Some pavement types must be completely removed and reconstructed when they reach the end of their design life, but total removal and reconstruction due to structural failure of a thick asphalt pavement is rare. With a thick asphalt structure, it is possible to obtain a ‘Perpetual Pavement’ one that can last indefinitely, with the only rehabilitation being milling of the surface followed by an asphalt overlay. Perpetual Pavement is a relatively new type of asphalt concrete pavement designed to resist structural fatigue distress for at least 50 years. Maintenance is limited to replacement of the surface course
(http://www.pwmag.com/bridges/ asphalt-versus-concrete.aspx.20.03.2006.Adaptado)
The term over in – “Asphalt over concrete” – that’s the standard. – means that
Asphalt versus concrete
Which material is better for your project?
Before a public works (or street maintenance, or road repair) department can decide whether to use concrete or asphalt in a specific application, the department manager must arm himself with information to help him make the best choice.
Asphalt is more common for a department to specify than
concrete. “Asphalt over concrete – that’s the standard. It is
what has been done for so long. But because it is the “standard”
doesn’t necessarily make it the best option for all applications.
Concrete may be better in some instances, the first of which is
new construction. In urban metropolitan areas, where new roads
are being built and existing roadways are being expanded, using
concrete may be a good way to minimize future inconvenience.
Funding is a big challenge. People are looking for short-term
fixes, which have a political impact.
Asphalt also can be specified as a long-term solution. Some pavement types must be completely removed and reconstructed when they reach the end of their design life, but total removal and reconstruction due to structural failure of a thick asphalt pavement is rare. With a thick asphalt structure, it is possible to obtain a ‘Perpetual Pavement’ one that can last indefinitely, with the only rehabilitation being milling of the surface followed by an asphalt overlay. Perpetual Pavement is a relatively new type of asphalt concrete pavement designed to resist structural fatigue distress for at least 50 years. Maintenance is limited to replacement of the surface course
(http://www.pwmag.com/bridges/ asphalt-versus-concrete.aspx.20.03.2006.Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, o ‘Perpetual Pavement’
Asphalt versus concrete
Which material is better for your project?
Before a public works (or street maintenance, or road repair) department can decide whether to use concrete or asphalt in a specific application, the department manager must arm himself with information to help him make the best choice.
Asphalt is more common for a department to specify than
concrete. “Asphalt over concrete – that’s the standard. It is
what has been done for so long. But because it is the “standard”
doesn’t necessarily make it the best option for all applications.
Concrete may be better in some instances, the first of which is
new construction. In urban metropolitan areas, where new roads
are being built and existing roadways are being expanded, using
concrete may be a good way to minimize future inconvenience.
Funding is a big challenge. People are looking for short-term
fixes, which have a political impact.
Asphalt also can be specified as a long-term solution. Some pavement types must be completely removed and reconstructed when they reach the end of their design life, but total removal and reconstruction due to structural failure of a thick asphalt pavement is rare. With a thick asphalt structure, it is possible to obtain a ‘Perpetual Pavement’ one that can last indefinitely, with the only rehabilitation being milling of the surface followed by an asphalt overlay. Perpetual Pavement is a relatively new type of asphalt concrete pavement designed to resist structural fatigue distress for at least 50 years. Maintenance is limited to replacement of the surface course
(http://www.pwmag.com/bridges/ asphalt-versus-concrete.aspx.20.03.2006.Adaptado)
According to the text, concrete
In the excerpt of the fourth paragraph – Paramagnetic properties are due to the presence of some unpaired electrons – the expression due to can be replaced, without changing its meaning, for
In the excerpt of the second paragraph – Therefore, no net magnetic field exists. – the word therefore introduces
According to the text, Faraday’s Law of Magnetic Induction states that
No trecho do quinto parágrafo – Brazil’s unemployment rate, however, is not fully comparable to jobless rates in developed countries as a large portion of the population is either underemployed or works informally – a palavra as pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por
No trecho do quarto parágrafo – Companies were also forced to pay more to hire and retain workers because of the country’s low unemployment. – because introduz uma
Today is the 10th annual World Toilet Day. Sponsored by the Singapore-based World Toilet Organization, the event is meant to build awareness about the risks that lack of sanitation present to the physical, emotional and psychological health of 2.6 billion people around the world. Fortunately, poor sanitation is receiving an increasing amount of attention from NGOs, academics and other problem-solvers around the world. But there isn’t time to waste, since lack of hygiene contributes to diarrheal diseases that claim the lives of 1.5 million poor children each year.
Earlier this year, The Gates Foundation awarded a total of $3 million to researchers at 8 universities as part of its Reinvent the Toilet competition. Unlike the innovations that are taking place with flush toilets, these grants are aimed at designing, developing and prototyping waterless, hygienic toilets that cost less than $0.05 per user per day. The foundation also awarded a $4.8 million grant to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) for a project called Sanitation Ventures. For it, researchers are developing ways to speed up the decomposition process in pit latrines. Organisms such as tiger worms, placed near the surface of the latrines, can effectively increase the speed of composting. Beneath that, in a filtration bed, liquid waste is further treated by aerobic bacteria. The end product is a treated sewage material that can later be used as a fertilizer.
And if that sounds gross, well, get over it. Human-waste-based fertilizer has been used in many parts of the world for centuries. The key is to process it correctly — at the right temperature and for enough time — to ensure that all pathogens are eliminated. In fact, aside from better public health, one of the major benefits of developing sanitation solutions for the developing world is creating an end product with value, such as fertilizer or biochar for energy.
(http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/design-architecture/ safe-sanitation-systems-close-the-loop-on-poop/2084-19/11/2011. Adaptado)
No terceiro parágrafo, a expressão aside from em – In fact, aside from better public health, one of the major benefits of developing sanitation solutions for the developing world… – equivale a
Today is the 10th annual World Toilet Day. Sponsored by the Singapore-based World Toilet Organization, the event is meant to build awareness about the risks that lack of sanitation present to the physical, emotional and psychological health of 2.6 billion people around the world. Fortunately, poor sanitation is receiving an increasing amount of attention from NGOs, academics and other problem-solvers around the world. But there isn’t time to waste, since lack of hygiene contributes to diarrheal diseases that claim the lives of 1.5 million poor children each year.
Earlier this year, The Gates Foundation awarded a total of $3 million to researchers at 8 universities as part of its Reinvent the Toilet competition. Unlike the innovations that are taking place with flush toilets, these grants are aimed at designing, developing and prototyping waterless, hygienic toilets that cost less than $0.05 per user per day. The foundation also awarded a $4.8 million grant to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) for a project called Sanitation Ventures. For it, researchers are developing ways to speed up the decomposition process in pit latrines. Organisms such as tiger worms, placed near the surface of the latrines, can effectively increase the speed of composting. Beneath that, in a filtration bed, liquid waste is further treated by aerobic bacteria. The end product is a treated sewage material that can later be used as a fertilizer.
And if that sounds gross, well, get over it. Human-waste-based fertilizer has been used in many parts of the world for centuries. The key is to process it correctly — at the right temperature and for enough time — to ensure that all pathogens are eliminated. In fact, aside from better public health, one of the major benefits of developing sanitation solutions for the developing world is creating an end product with value, such as fertilizer or biochar for energy.
(http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/design-architecture/ safe-sanitation-systems-close-the-loop-on-poop/2084-19/11/2011. Adaptado)
In the third paragraph, the extract – And if that sounds gross, well, get over it. – refers to
Today is the 10th annual World Toilet Day. Sponsored by the Singapore-based World Toilet Organization, the event is meant to build awareness about the risks that lack of sanitation present to the physical, emotional and psychological health of 2.6 billion people around the world. Fortunately, poor sanitation is receiving an increasing amount of attention from NGOs, academics and other problem-solvers around the world. But there isn’t time to waste, since lack of hygiene contributes to diarrheal diseases that claim the lives of 1.5 million poor children each year.
Earlier this year, The Gates Foundation awarded a total of $3 million to researchers at 8 universities as part of its Reinvent the Toilet competition. Unlike the innovations that are taking place with flush toilets, these grants are aimed at designing, developing and prototyping waterless, hygienic toilets that cost less than $0.05 per user per day. The foundation also awarded a $4.8 million grant to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) for a project called Sanitation Ventures. For it, researchers are developing ways to speed up the decomposition process in pit latrines. Organisms such as tiger worms, placed near the surface of the latrines, can effectively increase the speed of composting. Beneath that, in a filtration bed, liquid waste is further treated by aerobic bacteria. The end product is a treated sewage material that can later be used as a fertilizer.
And if that sounds gross, well, get over it. Human-waste-based fertilizer has been used in many parts of the world for centuries. The key is to process it correctly — at the right temperature and for enough time — to ensure that all pathogens are eliminated. In fact, aside from better public health, one of the major benefits of developing sanitation solutions for the developing world is creating an end product with value, such as fertilizer or biochar for energy.
(http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/design-architecture/ safe-sanitation-systems-close-the-loop-on-poop/2084-19/11/2011. Adaptado)
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine’s researchers are working to
Today is the 10th annual World Toilet Day. Sponsored by the Singapore-based World Toilet Organization, the event is meant to build awareness about the risks that lack of sanitation present to the physical, emotional and psychological health of 2.6 billion people around the world. Fortunately, poor sanitation is receiving an increasing amount of attention from NGOs, academics and other problem-solvers around the world. But there isn’t time to waste, since lack of hygiene contributes to diarrheal diseases that claim the lives of 1.5 million poor children each year.
Earlier this year, The Gates Foundation awarded a total of $3 million to researchers at 8 universities as part of its Reinvent the Toilet competition. Unlike the innovations that are taking place with flush toilets, these grants are aimed at designing, developing and prototyping waterless, hygienic toilets that cost less than $0.05 per user per day. The foundation also awarded a $4.8 million grant to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) for a project called Sanitation Ventures. For it, researchers are developing ways to speed up the decomposition process in pit latrines. Organisms such as tiger worms, placed near the surface of the latrines, can effectively increase the speed of composting. Beneath that, in a filtration bed, liquid waste is further treated by aerobic bacteria. The end product is a treated sewage material that can later be used as a fertilizer.
And if that sounds gross, well, get over it. Human-waste-based fertilizer has been used in many parts of the world for centuries. The key is to process it correctly — at the right temperature and for enough time — to ensure that all pathogens are eliminated. In fact, aside from better public health, one of the major benefits of developing sanitation solutions for the developing world is creating an end product with value, such as fertilizer or biochar for energy.
(http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/design-architecture/ safe-sanitation-systems-close-the-loop-on-poop/2084-19/11/2011. Adaptado)
According to the text, poor sanitation
A logic circuit has three boolean inputs and one output named A, B, C and S respectively. The boolean input A is connected to an inverter gate, and its result is submitted to an AND gate, along with the input signal B. The AND gate output is then submitted to an OR gate along with the remaining boolean input C. The output of the OR gate is the resulting signal S.
De acordo com o texto, o circuito lógico possuiA 4 poles pairs synchronous machine operates as a motor inside an industrial electrical network, with nominal frequency of 50,0 [Hz]. The synchronous machine rotor is equipped with short-circuited bars, creating a squirrel-cage auxiliary winding, dedicated for dumping effects during transients and also to allow the startup of the motor, when the machine is directly connected to the mains power source.
É apresentada no texto uma máquina elétricaA transformer has a primary winding circuit with 200 turns and a secondary winding circuit with 10 turns. In an ideal, lossless, transformer model, the magnetic core permeability is infinite despite the voltages applied to the windings, the two windings are perfectly coupled and there are no internal resistance in the condutors. In such transformer, when a sinusoidal voltage is applied at the secondary winding with an amplitude of 5,0 [V] RMS, the RMS voltage in the primary winding terminals is equal to 100,0 [V].
Com relação a esse texto, assinale a alternative correta.In an experiment, two point charges Q1 and Q2 were put on a straight line path, at a certain distance from each other. When both Q1 and Q2 are charged with +2,0 [mC] each, the resulting electric field intensity equals zero in the middle point in the line path between Q1 and Q2. This is true since their electric field vectors in this position have the same magnitude but opposite directions.
Com relação a esse texto, assinale a alternativa correta.In relation to the consumption of sugar, one can say, based on the text, that
According to the text,
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