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Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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Interactive theory acknowledges the role of previous knowledge and prediction, but at the same time, reaffirms the importance of rapid and accurate processing of the actual words of the text. According to the interactive model, the reading process works like this: First, clues to meaning are taken up from the page by the eye and transmitted to the brain. The brain then tries to match existing knowledge to the incoming data in order to facilitate the further processing of new information. On the basis of this previous experience, predictions are made about the content of the text, which, upon further sampling of the data, are either confirmed or revised. Essentially, then, the two processes, bottom-up and top-down, are complementary; one is not able to function properly without the other.
(Academic Reading and the ESL/EFL Teacher by Fraida Dubin and David Bycina, in Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, Marianne Celce-Murcia, editor. Adapted.)
No que se refere ao conceito de tipologia textual, pode-se afirmar que o texto é
(Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, by Douglas Brown. Adapted)
In relation to the first two sentences of the text, one can say that
“By 1979, Lovelock had put forward his theories on the environment, in his first book.”
The word “his” is used twice. In both cases it refers to:
(http://www.reinildes.com.br/incorporacaodasticsmoara2008.pdf. Acessed on March 2nd, 2013.) Write True (T) or False (F) for the sentences below according to the same article: ( ) In terms of language teaching, Dias recommends the association of the vygostikyan view of knowledge construction, genre pedagogy and the integration of technological resources.
( ) Dias affirms that the integration of technological tools to the classroom environment is enough to make teaching techniques adequate to the 21st century students’ needs.
( ) According to the article, students are required to comprehend authentic texts and to be able to produce similar texts of the same genre.
( ) Writing short paragraphs about specific themes is an example of a task based on the notion of writing as social practice.
( ) Writing activities should follow a circular and recursive process that involves the production of a first draft, followed by peer revision and the teacher’s feedback. The CORRECT sequence is:
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a network signal, cleans it of unnecessary noise, and regenerates it. The signal is retransmitted at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, repeaters are required for cable that runs longer than 100 meters. A repeater with multiple ports is known as a hub. Repeaters work on the physical layer of the OSI model. Repeaters require a small amount of time to regenerate the signal. This can cause a propagation delay which can affect network performance. As a result, many network architectures limit the number of repeaters that can be used in a row, e.g., the Ethernet 5-4-3 rule. Hubs have been mostly obsoleted by modern switches; but repeaters are used for long distance links, notably undersea cabling.
Bridges
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to form a single network. Bridges broadcast to all ports except the port on which the broadcast was received. However, bridges do not promiscuously copy traffic to all ports, as hubs do. Instead, bridges learn which MAC addresses are reachable through specific ports. Once the bridge associates a port with an address, it will send traffic for that address to that port only. Bridges learn the association of ports and addresses by examining the source address of frames that it sees on various ports. Once a frame arrives through a port, the bridge assumes that the MAC address is associated with that port and stores its source address. The first time a bridge sees a previously unknown destination address, the bridge will forward the frame to all ports other than the one on which the frame arrived. Bridges come in three basic types: Local bridges: Directly connect LANs Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs. Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have been replaced with routers. Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote devices to LANs.
According to the text above, judge the following item.
Multiple network segments at the layer 2 of the OSI model can be connected by a network bridge, in order to form a single network.
A repeater is an electronic device that receives a network signal, cleans it of unnecessary noise, and regenerates it. The signal is retransmitted at a higher power level, or to the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. In most twisted pair Ethernet configurations, repeaters are required for cable that runs longer than 100 meters. A repeater with multiple ports is known as a hub. Repeaters work on the physical layer of the OSI model. Repeaters require a small amount of time to regenerate the signal. This can cause a propagation delay which can affect network performance. As a result, many network architectures limit the number of repeaters that can be used in a row, e.g., the Ethernet 5-4-3 rule. Hubs have been mostly obsoleted by modern switches; but repeaters are used for long distance links, notably undersea cabling.
Bridges
A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model to form a single network. Bridges broadcast to all ports except the port on which the broadcast was received. However, bridges do not promiscuously copy traffic to all ports, as hubs do. Instead, bridges learn which MAC addresses are reachable through specific ports. Once the bridge associates a port with an address, it will send traffic for that address to that port only. Bridges learn the association of ports and addresses by examining the source address of frames that it sees on various ports. Once a frame arrives through a port, the bridge assumes that the MAC address is associated with that port and stores its source address. The first time a bridge sees a previously unknown destination address, the bridge will forward the frame to all ports other than the one on which the frame arrived. Bridges come in three basic types: Local bridges: Directly connect LANs Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs. Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have been replaced with routers. Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote devices to LANs.
According to the text above, judge the following item.
Since the invention of the hubs, the switches became obsolete.
( ) Many people thought about the environment before the 1960s. ( ) Most scientists knew about global warming in the 1960s. ( ) Professor Lovelock found chemicals called CFCs in the atmosphere. ( ) Lovelock wrote a book in 2006.
Choose the alternative that presents the correct order from top to bottom:
TEXT 2:
Taking into account the assumptions that underlie the text, one can say that the author advocates a
linguistic approach that
There is no one answer to the question of how to teach writing in English Foreign Language classes. There are as many answers as there are teachers and teaching styles, or learners and learning styles. Writing means writing a connected text and the process of writing is a valuable tool for all of our students.
Ann Raimes. Techniques in teaching writing.
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993, p.6.
Choose the correct option concerning the process approach to the teaching of writing
It is a myth that all it takes to write is to sit down in front of a blank page, to begin at the beginning and write through to the end, with no planning, break, editing, or changes in between. And yet, this is sometimes what we ask our students to do. Good writers plan and revise, rearrange and delete text, re-reading and producing multiple drafts before they come up with their finished document. This is what a process writing approach is about.
Internet:<www.teachingenglish.org.uk>(adapted).
Based on the text, it can be concluded that
My heart laps up when I behold
A rainbow in the sky:
So was it when my life began;
So it is now I am a man;
So be it when I shall grow old,
Or let me die!
The child is Father of the Man;
And I could wish my days to be
Bound each to each by natural piety
Wordsworth. My Heart Leaps Up. In: Harold Bloom. How to Read and Why. New York: Touchstone, 2001. p.123
Based on Wordsworth’s poem above, choose the option that best describes what the poem is about.
The United States is one of the most diverse nations in the world. Its dynamic population of about 300 million boasts more than 30 million foreign-born individuals who speak numerous languages and dialects. Some one million new immigrants arrive each year, many from Asia and Latin America.
Literature in the U.S today is likewise dazzlingly diverse, exciting, and evolving. New voices have arisen from many quarters, challenging old ideas and adapting literary traditions to suit changing conditions of the national life. Social and economic advances have enabled previously underrepresented groups to express themselves more fully.
It is clear that American literature at the turn of the 21st century has become democratic and heterogeneous. Regionalism has flowered, and international, or “global”, writers refract U.S culture through foreign perspectives.
Kathryn Vanspanckeren. Outline of American Culture Revised edition. Published by the United States Department of State. 1994.
The United States is one of the most diverse nations in the world. Its dynamic population of about 300 million boasts more than 30 million foreign-born individuals who speak numerous languages and dialects. Some one million new immigrants arrive each year, many from Asia and Latin America.
Literature in the U.S today is likewise dazzlingly diverse, exciting, and evolving. New voices have arisen from many quarters, challenging old ideas and adapting literary traditions to suit changing conditions of the national life. Social and economic advances have enabled previously underrepresented groups to express themselves more fully.
It is clear that American literature at the turn of the 21st century has become democratic and heterogeneous. Regionalism has flowered, and international, or “global”, writers refract U.S culture through foreign perspectives.
Kathryn Vanspanckeren. Outline of American Culture Revised edition. Published by the United States Department of State. 1994.
Act I Scene I
Thunder and lightning. Enter three Witches.
FIRST WITCH When shall we three meet again?
In thunder, lightning, or in rain?
SECOND WITCH When the hurly-burly’s done.
When the battle’s lost and won.
THIRD WITCH That will be ere the set of sun.
FIRST WITCH Where the place?
SECOND WITCH Upon the heath.
THIRD WITCH There to meet with MacBeth.
FIRST WITCH I come, Grey Malkin.
SECOND WITCH Paddock calls.
THIRD WITCH Annon.
ALL Fair is foul, and foul is fair:
Hover through the fog and filthy air.
Jonathan Bate and Eric Rasmussen (editors). William Shakespeare Complete Works. London: RSC, MacMillan, 2008, p. 1862.
According to Longman Dictionary, genre is a particular type of
art, writing, music, etc., which has certain features that all examples
of this type share. Considering this definition, choose the option that
states the genre of the text above.
Based on the text above, choose the correct option.
Based on the comic strip above, choose the correct option.
Reading comprehension is a multi-dimensional process that includes the reader, the text, and factors associated with the activity of reading. Most research and theories of comprehension are based primarily on research conducted with monolingual English speakers (L1). The present study was designed to investigate the cognitive and linguistic factors that have an influence on reading comprehension in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) speakers. The cognitive aspects of reading comprehension among L1 speakers and ESL speakers in the seventh grade were investigated. The performance of both groups was compared and the role of some relevant processes, including word reading, word reading fluency, phonological awareness, working memory, and morphological and syntactic awareness were assessed. Within this sample, three groups were examined: children with poor comprehension (PC), children with poor word reading and poor comprehension (poor readers, PR) and children with both good word reading and comprehension abilities (good comprehenders, GC). The results demonstrated that a variety of cognitive processes, such as working memory and phonological, syntactic, and morphological awareness are important for reading comprehension and compromised in poor comprehenders. The GC group performed better than the PC group on all of the cognitive measures.
Orly Lipka and Linda Siegel. The Development of Reading Comprehension Skills in Children Learning English as a Second Language. In: Reading & writing. vol. 25, 2012, p. 1873-1898. Internet
Reading comprehension is a multi-dimensional process that includes the reader, the text, and factors associated with the activity of reading. Most research and theories of comprehension are based primarily on research conducted with monolingual English speakers (L1). The present study was designed to investigate the cognitive and linguistic factors that have an influence on reading comprehension in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) speakers. The cognitive aspects of reading comprehension among L1 speakers and ESL speakers in the seventh grade were investigated. The performance of both groups was compared and the role of some relevant processes, including word reading, word reading fluency, phonological awareness, working memory, and morphological and syntactic awareness were assessed. Within this sample, three groups were examined: children with poor comprehension (PC), children with poor word reading and poor comprehension (poor readers, PR) and children with both good word reading and comprehension abilities (good comprehenders, GC). The results demonstrated that a variety of cognitive processes, such as working memory and phonological, syntactic, and morphological awareness are important for reading comprehension and compromised in poor comprehenders. The GC group performed better than the PC group on all of the cognitive measures.
Orly Lipka and Linda Siegel. The Development of Reading Comprehension Skills in Children Learning English as a Second Language. In: Reading & writing. vol. 25, 2012, p. 1873-1898. Internet
Mr. Durrance’s shop was halfway up the village. It was on a corner site, had a few photographs displayed in the window, a couple of marriage groups, a kicking baby in a nudist condition on a rug, one or two bearded young men taken with their girls. None of the photographs were very good; some of them already displayed signs of age. There were also postcards in large numbers; birthday cards and a few special shelves arranged in order of relationships. To my Husband. To my Wife. One or two bathing groups. There were a few pocketbooks and wallets of rather poor quality and a certain amount of stationary and envelopes bearing floral designs. Boxes of small notepaper decorated with flowers and labeled For Notes.
Agatha Christie. Postern of Fate. New York: Signet. 2000.
According to the text above, chose the correct option.
Conheça nossos planos