Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 8.877 questões
Ano: 2021
Banca:
FUNDATEC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Vacaria - RS
Prova:
FUNDATEC - 2021 - Prefeitura de Vacaria - RS - Professor de Ensino Fundamental - Anos Finais - Língua Inglesa |
Q1858194
Inglês
Texto associado
Instruction: answer based on the following text.
(Available in: https://www.marthastewart.com/syndication/new-study-dogs-understand-commands-withouttraining – text adapted specially for this test).
The pronouns and possessive adjectives “which” (l. 04), “them” (l. 09), “They” (l. 09),
and “its” (l. 10) are referring to:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
FUNDATEC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Vacaria - RS
Prova:
FUNDATEC - 2021 - Prefeitura de Vacaria - RS - Professor de Ensino Fundamental - Anos Finais - Língua Inglesa |
Q1858191
Inglês
Texto associado
Instruction: answer based on the following text.
(Available in: https://www.marthastewart.com/syndication/new-study-dogs-understand-commands-withouttraining – text adapted specially for this test).
Consider the following statements about the word “senior” (l. 01):
I. It can be an adjective.
II. It can be a noun.
III. It could be replaced by “old” in the text.
Which are correct?
I. It can be an adjective.
II. It can be a noun.
III. It could be replaced by “old” in the text.
Which are correct?
Ano: 2021
Banca:
INSTITUTO AOCP
Órgão:
FUNPRESP-JUD
Prova:
INSTITUTO AOCP - 2021 - FUNPRESP-JUD - Analista de Tecnologia da Informação - Desenvolvimento de Sistemas |
Q1855673
Inglês
Texto associado
Taking into account the following text, judge
the subsequent item.
Perspectives on modern data analytics
By Eric Knorr - Editor in Chief, CIO | APR 12,
2021 3:00 AM PDT
Some things don't change, even during a
pandemic. Consistent with previous years, in
CIO’s 2021 State of the CIO survey, a plurality of
the 1,062 IT leaders surveyed chose
“data/business analytics” as the No.1 tech
initiative expected to drive IT investment.
Unfortunately, analytics initiatives seldom do
nearly as well when it comes to stakeholder
satisfaction.
Last year, CIO contributor Mary K. Pratt offered
an excellent analysis of why data analytics
initiatives still fail, including poor-quality or siloed
data, vague rather than targeted business
objectives, and clunky one-size-fits-all feature
sets. But a number of fresh approaches and
technologies are making these pratfalls less
likely.
(...)
New technology invariably incurs new risks. No
advancement has had more momentous impact
on analytics than machine learning – from
automating data prep to detecting meaningful
patterns in data – but it also adds an unforeseen
hazard. As CSO Senior Writer Lucian Constantin
explains in "How data poisoning attacks corrupt
machine learning models," deliberately skewed
data injected by malicious hackers can tilt models toward some nefarious goal. The result could be,
say, manipulated product recommendations, or
even the ability for hackers to infer confidential
underlying data.
(...)
In the end, the secret to successful analytics is
not in choosing and implementing the perfect
technology, but in cultivating a broad
understanding that pervasive analytics yields
better decisions and superior outcomes. Usually,
you can iron out technology kinks or
requirements misunderstandings. But if you can't
change the mindset, few will use the beautiful
analytics machine you just built.
Disponível em: https://www.cio.com/article/3614692/5-perspectiveson-modern-data-analytics.html.
Acesso em: 15 out. 2021.
The advancements on machine learning
have always been preventing hackers from
inferring confidential data or manipulating
product recommendations when it comes
to business analytics.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854099
Inglês
Texto associado
General observation suggests that it is those who start to
learn English after their school years who are most likely to have
serious difficulties in acquiring intelligible pronunciation, with
the degree of difficulty increasing markedly with age. This
difficulty has nothing to do with intelligence or level of
education, or even with knowledge of English grammar and
vocabulary.
Of course, there is no simple answer to why pronunciation
is so difficult to learn — indeed, there is a whole range of
theoretical perspectives on the question. What is generally
accepted among psycholinguists and phonologists who
specialized in this area is that the difficulty in learning to
pronounce a foreign language is cognitive rather than physical,
and that it has something to do with the way “raw sound” is
categorized or conceptualized in using speech.
Many learners of English as a second language have major
difficulties with English pronunciation even after years of
learning the language. This often results in them facing
difficulties in areas such as finding employment. Up to a certain
proficiency standard, the fault which most severely impairs the
communication process in EFL/ESL learners is pronunciation,
not vocabulary or grammar.
A. Gilakjani and M. Ahmadi. Why is Pronunciation So Difficult to Learn? In: English Language Teaching, Vol. 4, No. 3. Richmond Hill: Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2011 (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
Pronunciation plays a greater role in limiting communication
for EFL/ESL speakers than other aspects of language.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854097
Inglês
Texto associado
General observation suggests that it is those who start to
learn English after their school years who are most likely to have
serious difficulties in acquiring intelligible pronunciation, with
the degree of difficulty increasing markedly with age. This
difficulty has nothing to do with intelligence or level of
education, or even with knowledge of English grammar and
vocabulary.
Of course, there is no simple answer to why pronunciation
is so difficult to learn — indeed, there is a whole range of
theoretical perspectives on the question. What is generally
accepted among psycholinguists and phonologists who
specialized in this area is that the difficulty in learning to
pronounce a foreign language is cognitive rather than physical,
and that it has something to do with the way “raw sound” is
categorized or conceptualized in using speech.
Many learners of English as a second language have major
difficulties with English pronunciation even after years of
learning the language. This often results in them facing
difficulties in areas such as finding employment. Up to a certain
proficiency standard, the fault which most severely impairs the
communication process in EFL/ESL learners is pronunciation,
not vocabulary or grammar.
A. Gilakjani and M. Ahmadi. Why is Pronunciation So Difficult to Learn? In: English Language Teaching, Vol. 4, No. 3. Richmond Hill: Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2011 (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
According to the text, the difficulty in acquiring intelligible
pronunciation in English grows slightly with time.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854093
Inglês
Texto associado
The history of language study illustrates widely divergent
attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech.
Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a
source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide
language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar
were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.
The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored
or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating
only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules,
and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak
properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid
down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written
style.
There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout
the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an
alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed
out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing;
that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be
artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative —
mostly based on sounds of speech.
D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
According to the text, it used to be believed that the
everyday spoken language is too anarchic to be used as the
basis for grammar.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854092
Inglês
Texto associado
The history of language study illustrates widely divergent
attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech.
Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a
source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide
language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar
were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.
The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored
or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating
only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules,
and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak
properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid
down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written
style.
There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout
the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an
alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed
out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing;
that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be
artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative —
mostly based on sounds of speech.
D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
The expression “this viewpoint” (third paragraph) refers to
the idea that spoken language should follow the same rules
as written language to be correct.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854091
Inglês
Texto associado
The history of language study illustrates widely divergent
attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech.
Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a
source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide
language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar
were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.
The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored
or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating
only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules,
and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak
properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid
down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written
style.
There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout
the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an
alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed
out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing;
that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be
artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative —
mostly based on sounds of speech.
D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
In the first paragraph, the word “It” (third sentence) refers to
“a source of standards” (second sentence).
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854089
Inglês
Texto associado
Whatever training is given there should always be a
permanent concern about the naturalness and spontaneity of
everyday speech rather than an artificial sound production for the
sake of preserving a “correct” pronunciation.
This is, in fact, a crucial issue, since if too much care is
demanded from the student, this may turn out to be an
undesirable blockage to another more important factor, namely,
fluency. Perhaps, and even worse, if over-careful pronunciation
habits are developed, this will certainly cause difficulties for the
oral comprehension, as the students will expect to hear sounds,
words and utterances the way they personally produce them.
G.A. Chauvet. Improve Your Pronunciation. Brasília:
Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2005 (adapted).
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
According to the text, excessive demands with regard to
pronunciation can inhibit fluency.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854083
Inglês
Texto associado
Teachers sometimes assume that more outgoing learners
will be able to learn pronunciation better than shyer students, and
there may be some truth to this. Confident students might speak
more and be more willing to try new sounds, and this extra
practice could help them improve their pronunciation. However,
this improvement is certainly not guaranteed. Some outgoing
students may be producing a lot of language, but they may also
be jumping ahead without paying attention to the accuracy of
their pronunciation. If listeners are impressed by their fluency
and accept their imperfect pronunciation, they have no way to
know that they need to improve.
Some more introverted students might actually be
thinking carefully about sounds and practicing “within
themselves,” even if they don’t speak much in class. Don’t
underestimate the quiet students. Appreciate the strengths and
possibilities of all your students and encourage everyone. All
students can learn and improve in their own way.
Another aspect of personality that can affect pronunciation
is the degree to which a person is willing or able to change the
way they sound. Most of us have been speaking and listening to
language in the same, familiar way since we learned to talk. Our
voice and our pronunciation are a central part of the way we see
ourselves. It can be uncomfortable, and possibly even
frightening, to try out unfamiliar sounds and melodies of
language. For some people this process seems like a small bump
on the road, but for others, it’s a serious roadblock.
M.T. Yoshida. Beyond Repeat After Me: Teaching Pronunciation to
English Learners. Alexandria: TESOL Press, 2016 (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
According to the text, speaking more, and thus practicing
more, does not necessarily lead to improvement.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854082
Inglês
Texto associado
Teachers sometimes assume that more outgoing learners
will be able to learn pronunciation better than shyer students, and
there may be some truth to this. Confident students might speak
more and be more willing to try new sounds, and this extra
practice could help them improve their pronunciation. However,
this improvement is certainly not guaranteed. Some outgoing
students may be producing a lot of language, but they may also
be jumping ahead without paying attention to the accuracy of
their pronunciation. If listeners are impressed by their fluency
and accept their imperfect pronunciation, they have no way to
know that they need to improve.
Some more introverted students might actually be
thinking carefully about sounds and practicing “within
themselves,” even if they don’t speak much in class. Don’t
underestimate the quiet students. Appreciate the strengths and
possibilities of all your students and encourage everyone. All
students can learn and improve in their own way.
Another aspect of personality that can affect pronunciation
is the degree to which a person is willing or able to change the
way they sound. Most of us have been speaking and listening to
language in the same, familiar way since we learned to talk. Our
voice and our pronunciation are a central part of the way we see
ourselves. It can be uncomfortable, and possibly even
frightening, to try out unfamiliar sounds and melodies of
language. For some people this process seems like a small bump
on the road, but for others, it’s a serious roadblock.
M.T. Yoshida. Beyond Repeat After Me: Teaching Pronunciation to
English Learners. Alexandria: TESOL Press, 2016 (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
It can be inferred from the text that our identity is partly tied
to the way we speak.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854079
Inglês
Texto associado
The role of pronunciation in non-native language teaching
has been in a state of constant change. In the earlier approaches,
foreign language pronunciation was either the result of exposure
to the target language or of approaches which used complex sets
of drills and repetitions. As suggested, to a large extent, the
importance of pronunciation has always been determined by
ideology and intuition rather than by research. Teachers have
intuitively decided which features have the greatest effect on
clarity and which are learnable in a classroom setting. Saito
claims that while the morphological and syntactical levels of
languages are taught in contextualized meaningful exercises,
pronunciation practice is decontextualized due to the use of drills
and repetition.
Pronunciation is one of the aspects of language both
native and non-native teachers of English are not keen on
teaching, and a lack of adequate teacher training results in an
intuitive use of available materials and techniques. Setting
pedagogical goals must be based on knowledge of pronunciation
issues. Unqualified teachers may have misconceptions about
phonological phenomena, cannot evaluate or use teaching
materials accurately, and do not set realistic goals when teaching
pronunciation. Furthermore, even teaching materials do not
reflect the conclusions of current research, and they can be
perceived as boring; however, Baker argues that teachers who
complete a pronunciation course have, and apply, a wider range
of pronunciation activities in their classrooms.
H. Vančová. Current Issues in Pronunciation Teaching to Non-Native Learners of English.
In: Journal of Language and Cultural Education, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2019 (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
According to the first paragraph, when it comes to
pronunciation, foreign language teachers have relied more on
gut feelings than on scientific data.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854078
Inglês
Texto associado
The role of pronunciation in non-native language teaching
has been in a state of constant change. In the earlier approaches,
foreign language pronunciation was either the result of exposure
to the target language or of approaches which used complex sets
of drills and repetitions. As suggested, to a large extent, the
importance of pronunciation has always been determined by
ideology and intuition rather than by research. Teachers have
intuitively decided which features have the greatest effect on
clarity and which are learnable in a classroom setting. Saito
claims that while the morphological and syntactical levels of
languages are taught in contextualized meaningful exercises,
pronunciation practice is decontextualized due to the use of drills
and repetition.
Pronunciation is one of the aspects of language both
native and non-native teachers of English are not keen on
teaching, and a lack of adequate teacher training results in an
intuitive use of available materials and techniques. Setting
pedagogical goals must be based on knowledge of pronunciation
issues. Unqualified teachers may have misconceptions about
phonological phenomena, cannot evaluate or use teaching
materials accurately, and do not set realistic goals when teaching
pronunciation. Furthermore, even teaching materials do not
reflect the conclusions of current research, and they can be
perceived as boring; however, Baker argues that teachers who
complete a pronunciation course have, and apply, a wider range
of pronunciation activities in their classrooms.
H. Vančová. Current Issues in Pronunciation Teaching to Non-Native Learners of English.
In: Journal of Language and Cultural Education, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2019 (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
According to the text, foreign language teachers are unaware
of the current research on pronunciation.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854072
Inglês
Texto associado
Michelle Phan says she had to quit making her popular
makeup and beauty YouTube videos because she was burned out.
“It became harder and harder for me to pretend to be happy,” she
says. “As a result, I had become toxic with my relationships and
friendships. I had my threshold.”
Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
Michelle Phan could not make any more makeup and beauty
videos because she got burned.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854071
Inglês
Texto associado
Michelle Phan says she had to quit making her popular
makeup and beauty YouTube videos because she was burned out.
“It became harder and harder for me to pretend to be happy,” she
says. “As a result, I had become toxic with my relationships and
friendships. I had my threshold.”
Internet: <www.bbc.com> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following item.
It can be inferred from the sentence “I had my threshold”
that Michelle Phan was unhappy with the situation and
things needed to change.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854070
Inglês
Texto associado
In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because
there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation.
But texting and instant messaging do — and a revolution has
begun. It involves the brute mechanics of writing, but in its
economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a
new kind of talking. There is a virtual cult of concision and little
interest in capitalization or punctuation. The argument that
texting is “poor writing” is analogous, then, to one that the
Rolling Stones is “bad music” because it doesn’t use violas.
Texting is developing its own kind of grammar and conventions.
Internet: <ideas.time.com>.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
Both “capitalization” and “punctuation” are visual elements
related to the syntax of written speech.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854068
Inglês
Texto associado
In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because
there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation.
But texting and instant messaging do — and a revolution has
begun. It involves the brute mechanics of writing, but in its
economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a
new kind of talking. There is a virtual cult of concision and little
interest in capitalization or punctuation. The argument that
texting is “poor writing” is analogous, then, to one that the
Rolling Stones is “bad music” because it doesn’t use violas.
Texting is developing its own kind of grammar and conventions.
Internet: <ideas.time.com>.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
The text exposes the fact that writing nowadays has become
less limited by the constraints of punctuation.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854065
Inglês
Texto associado
In the old days, we didn’t much write like talking because
there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation.
But texting and instant messaging do — and a revolution has
begun. It involves the brute mechanics of writing, but in its
economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a
new kind of talking. There is a virtual cult of concision and little
interest in capitalization or punctuation. The argument that
texting is “poor writing” is analogous, then, to one that the
Rolling Stones is “bad music” because it doesn’t use violas.
Texting is developing its own kind of grammar and conventions.
Internet: <ideas.time.com>.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
Considering language usage in informal registers, in “we
didn’t much write like talking”, the expression “much write”
could be correctly replaced with write much.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854064
Inglês
Based on the comic strip above, judge the following items
It can be inferred from the comic strip that Sylvia intends to take her father’s advice.
It can be inferred from the comic strip that Sylvia intends to take her father’s advice.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
SEDUC-AL
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2021 - SEDUC-AL - Professor - Inglês |
Q1854061
Inglês
Based on the comic strip above, judge the following item.
It can be inferred that Sylvia’s father does not understand
what Sylvia means when she says “I’m backing up my files”.
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