Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 8.877 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227847
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
A competência sociocultural considera, entre outros fatores, o contexto social em que os falantes estão envolvidos,
e a relação entre eles. Nesse sentido, mostra-se socioculturalmente adequada a fala contida na alternativa:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227846
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
In the sentence from the last paragraph, “None of us knows
all there is to know of English in its many manifestations,
both around the world and in our own backyards.”, the
underlined cohesive device refers to
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227845
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
In the first sentence in the last paragraph “The ‘’ideal native
speaker”, someone who knows a language perfectly and
uses it appropriately in all social interaction, exists in theory
only.”, the underlined fragment plays the role of
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227844
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
In the fourth paragraph, the discourse markers “although”
and “thus” indicate, respectively,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227843
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
In the first sentence from the third paragraph “Discourse
competence is concerned not with isolated words or
phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series of
utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole.”, the underlined word functions as
a cohesive device, and the expression “to build” can be
replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - Prefeitura de Peruíbe - SP - Professor de Educação Básica II (Língua Estrangeira Moderna - Inglês) |
Q4227839
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Through practice and experience in an increasingly
wide range of communicative contexts and events, learners
gradually expand their communicative competence, consisting
of grammatical competence, discourse competence,
sociocultural competence and strategic competence. All these
components are interrelated. An increase in one component
interacts with other components to produce a corresponding
increase in overall communicative competence.
Grammatical competence refers to sentence-level
grammatical form, the ability to recognize the lexical,
morphological, syntactic and phonological feature of a
language and to make use of these features to interpret
and form words and whole sentences. One demonstrates
grammatical competence not by stating a rule but by using a
rule in the interpretation, expression or negotiation of meaning.
Discourse competence is concerned not with isolated
words or phrases but with the interconnectedness of a series
of utterances, written words and/or phrases to build a text,
a meaningful whole. Two familiar concepts to talk about
discourse competence are text coherence and cohesion. Text
coherence is the relation of all sentences or utterances in a text
to a single global proposition. Local connections or structural
links between individual sentences provide cohesion.
Sociocultural competence extends well beyond linguistic
forms and is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry having to do with
the social rules of language use.
Sociocultural competence
requires an understanding of the social context where
language is used: the roles of the participants, the information
they share, and the function of the interation. And although we
are far from an adequate description of sociocultural rules of
appropriateness, we use them to communicate successfully in
many different contexts of situation. Sociocultural competence
also includes a willingness to suspend judgement and take
into consideration the possibility of cultural differences in
convention and use. Thus the importance of the term cultural
flexibility or cultural awareness.
The ‘’ideal native speaker,’’ someone who knows a
language perfectly and uses it appropriately in all social
interactions, exists in theory only. None of us knows all there is
to know of English in its many manifestations, both around the
world and in our own backyards. Communicative competence
is always relative. The coping strategies we use in unfamiliar
contexts, with constraints due to imperfect knowledge of
rules or limiting factors in their application such as fatigue or
distraction, are represented as strategic competence. With
practice and experience, we gain in grammatical, discourse,
and socio-cultural competence. The relative importance of
strategic competence thus decreases. However, the effective
use of coping strategies is important for communicative
competence in all contexts and distinguishes highly competent
communicators from those who are less so.
(Sandra J. Savignon. Communicative language teaching for the
twenty-first century. IN: Marianne Celce-Murcia. Teaching English as a
second or foreign language. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle.
3rd edition. 2002. Adaptado)
According to the second paragraph, grammatical
competence helps interpretation of words. Thus in the
phrase “whole sentences” (paragraph 2), grammatical
structure helps identify the underlined word as an
adjective; in “a meaningful whole” (paragraph 3), the
underlined word is a noun. Sentence structure allows the
identification of the word “quiet” as a noun in alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Butiá - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Butiá - RS - Professor Língua Inglesa |
Q4205822
Inglês
Texto associado
Your Brain Could Be Controlling How Sick You Get - And How
You Recover
Hundreds of scientists around the world are looking
for ways to treat heart attacks. But few started where Hedva
Haykin has: in the brain. Doctor Haykin wants to know
whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive
emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals.
Late last year, in a small, ____________ microscope
room, she pulled out slides from a thin black box, one by
one. On them were slices of hearts, no bigger than pumpkin
seeds, from mice that had experienced heart attacks. Under
a microscope, some of the samples were clearly marred by
scars left in the aftermath of the infarction. Others showed
mere ____________ of damage visible among streaks of
healthy, red-stained cells.
The difference in the hearts’ appearance originated in
the brain, Haykin explains. The healthier-looking samples
came from mice that had received stimulation of a brain
area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Those
marked with scars were from unstimulated mice. On the
basis of her experiments so far, which have not yet been
published, activation of this brain reward centre — called
the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to trigger
immune changes that contribute to the reduction of scar
__________.
(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
Considering the text, analyze the following items:
I. Hedva Haykin’s experiment involved the use of pumpkin seeds.
II. Some of the samples were clearly ruined by scars left after the infarction.
III. Hedva Haykin has published all her experiments.
Is/are CORRECT:
I. Hedva Haykin’s experiment involved the use of pumpkin seeds.
II. Some of the samples were clearly ruined by scars left after the infarction.
III. Hedva Haykin has published all her experiments.
Is/are CORRECT:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Butiá - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Butiá - RS - Professor Língua Inglesa |
Q4205820
Inglês
Texto associado
Your Brain Could Be Controlling How Sick You Get - And How
You Recover
Hundreds of scientists around the world are looking
for ways to treat heart attacks. But few started where Hedva
Haykin has: in the brain. Doctor Haykin wants to know
whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive
emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals.
Late last year, in a small, ____________ microscope
room, she pulled out slides from a thin black box, one by
one. On them were slices of hearts, no bigger than pumpkin
seeds, from mice that had experienced heart attacks. Under
a microscope, some of the samples were clearly marred by
scars left in the aftermath of the infarction. Others showed
mere ____________ of damage visible among streaks of
healthy, red-stained cells.
The difference in the hearts’ appearance originated in
the brain, Haykin explains. The healthier-looking samples
came from mice that had received stimulation of a brain
area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Those
marked with scars were from unstimulated mice. On the
basis of her experiments so far, which have not yet been
published, activation of this brain reward centre — called
the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to trigger
immune changes that contribute to the reduction of scar
__________.
(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
In “Doctor Haykin wants to know whether stimulating a
region of the brain involved in positive emotion and
motivation can influence how the heart heals”, the
underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning
by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Butiá - RS
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Butiá - RS - Professor Língua Inglesa |
Q4205819
Inglês
Texto associado
Your Brain Could Be Controlling How Sick You Get - And How
You Recover
Hundreds of scientists around the world are looking
for ways to treat heart attacks. But few started where Hedva
Haykin has: in the brain. Doctor Haykin wants to know
whether stimulating a region of the brain involved in positive
emotion and motivation can influence how the heart heals.
Late last year, in a small, ____________ microscope
room, she pulled out slides from a thin black box, one by
one. On them were slices of hearts, no bigger than pumpkin
seeds, from mice that had experienced heart attacks. Under
a microscope, some of the samples were clearly marred by
scars left in the aftermath of the infarction. Others showed
mere ____________ of damage visible among streaks of
healthy, red-stained cells.
The difference in the hearts’ appearance originated in
the brain, Haykin explains. The healthier-looking samples
came from mice that had received stimulation of a brain
area involved in positive emotion and motivation. Those
marked with scars were from unstimulated mice. On the
basis of her experiments so far, which have not yet been
published, activation of this brain reward centre — called
the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems to trigger
immune changes that contribute to the reduction of scar
__________.
(Fonte: Scientific American - adaptado.)
According to the last paragraph of text, Dr. Haykin’s
conclusion was that:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q4204830
Inglês
Texto associado
Life just might exist on Mars after all
The red planet may have once been home to an
abundance of microbes. New studies suggest it's possible
that some hardy microbes managed to survive underground
in a frozen state.
About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that
orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk.
One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and
splinter into endless forms most beautiful. Mars, the other
world, followed a different path.
Today the Martian surface is hostile to life as we
know it, but as this scientific story goes, Mars may have once
hosted a rich abundance of microbes. Residing in the
planet’s briny underworld and shielded from the lethal
radiation that bathes the surface, these organisms could
have grown in nooks and ____________, multiplying until
their collective heft rivaled Earth’s cache of life. Called
methanogens, Mars’s microbes would have inhaled
atmospheric hydrogen and carbon dioxide and exhaled
methane gas - and in a twist, they may have turned out to be
their own worst enemy.
Over time, their growing, insatiable appetite would
have robbed the Martian atmosphere of hydrogen - a
powerful greenhouse gas during the planet’s early days -
ultimately casting a deadly freeze over the planet and
driving microbial populations into deeper, warmer crannies.
How long those burrowing microbes could have survived in
the deep is unknown. It’s possible they were only a shortlived flash of life on an otherwise sterile world.
“Maybe extinction is the cosmic default of life in the
universe,” says Boris Sauterey of the Institut de Biologie de
l’Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. “It’s not the process of
life ____________ that is limiting; it’s life maintaining itself
that is limiting.”
But perhaps, more than 30 feet beneath the surface
and encased in ice, these ancient single-celled organisms
achieved a state of dormancy - a sort of cryopreserved
slumber, ready to perk up when more life-friendly conditions
arise.
The Martian interior may not be as lifeless as its
face. It could host a world of alien organisms that are
capable of waiting thousands of years between each turn of
their metabolic engines.
This ____________ may sound farfetched, but
recent results from scientists modeling the habitability of
ancient Mars and studying the hardiness of microbes in labs
and beneath our own planet’s surface all point in the same
direction: It’s a long shot, but it’s possible life evolved on
Mars and still exists. And scientists may just find signs of that
life when meteors barrel into Mars and excavate buried
layers of ice, or when new spacecraft arrive to plumb this
underground realm.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
In “It could host a world of alien organisms...”, the
underlined word can be substituted without loss of meaning
by:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q4204829
Inglês
Texto associado
Life just might exist on Mars after all
The red planet may have once been home to an
abundance of microbes. New studies suggest it's possible
that some hardy microbes managed to survive underground
in a frozen state.
About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that
orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk.
One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and
splinter into endless forms most beautiful. Mars, the other
world, followed a different path.
Today the Martian surface is hostile to life as we
know it, but as this scientific story goes, Mars may have once
hosted a rich abundance of microbes. Residing in the
planet’s briny underworld and shielded from the lethal
radiation that bathes the surface, these organisms could
have grown in nooks and ____________, multiplying until
their collective heft rivaled Earth’s cache of life. Called
methanogens, Mars’s microbes would have inhaled
atmospheric hydrogen and carbon dioxide and exhaled
methane gas - and in a twist, they may have turned out to be
their own worst enemy.
Over time, their growing, insatiable appetite would
have robbed the Martian atmosphere of hydrogen - a
powerful greenhouse gas during the planet’s early days -
ultimately casting a deadly freeze over the planet and
driving microbial populations into deeper, warmer crannies.
How long those burrowing microbes could have survived in
the deep is unknown. It’s possible they were only a shortlived flash of life on an otherwise sterile world.
“Maybe extinction is the cosmic default of life in the
universe,” says Boris Sauterey of the Institut de Biologie de
l’Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. “It’s not the process of
life ____________ that is limiting; it’s life maintaining itself
that is limiting.”
But perhaps, more than 30 feet beneath the surface
and encased in ice, these ancient single-celled organisms
achieved a state of dormancy - a sort of cryopreserved
slumber, ready to perk up when more life-friendly conditions
arise.
The Martian interior may not be as lifeless as its
face. It could host a world of alien organisms that are
capable of waiting thousands of years between each turn of
their metabolic engines.
This ____________ may sound farfetched, but
recent results from scientists modeling the habitability of
ancient Mars and studying the hardiness of microbes in labs
and beneath our own planet’s surface all point in the same
direction: It’s a long shot, but it’s possible life evolved on
Mars and still exists. And scientists may just find signs of that
life when meteors barrel into Mars and excavate buried
layers of ice, or when new spacecraft arrive to plumb this
underground realm.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
According to the text, mark the CORRECT alternative:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
OBJETIVA
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR
Prova:
OBJETIVA - 2023 - Prefeitura de Novo Itacolomi - PR - Professor de Língua Inglesa |
Q4204828
Inglês
Texto associado
Life just might exist on Mars after all
The red planet may have once been home to an
abundance of microbes. New studies suggest it's possible
that some hardy microbes managed to survive underground
in a frozen state.
About 3.5 billion years ago, two of the planets that
orbited the sun may have had biospheres of similar bulk.
One, Earth, evolved in a way that allowed life to flourish and
splinter into endless forms most beautiful. Mars, the other
world, followed a different path.
Today the Martian surface is hostile to life as we
know it, but as this scientific story goes, Mars may have once
hosted a rich abundance of microbes. Residing in the
planet’s briny underworld and shielded from the lethal
radiation that bathes the surface, these organisms could
have grown in nooks and ____________, multiplying until
their collective heft rivaled Earth’s cache of life. Called
methanogens, Mars’s microbes would have inhaled
atmospheric hydrogen and carbon dioxide and exhaled
methane gas - and in a twist, they may have turned out to be
their own worst enemy.
Over time, their growing, insatiable appetite would
have robbed the Martian atmosphere of hydrogen - a
powerful greenhouse gas during the planet’s early days -
ultimately casting a deadly freeze over the planet and
driving microbial populations into deeper, warmer crannies.
How long those burrowing microbes could have survived in
the deep is unknown. It’s possible they were only a shortlived flash of life on an otherwise sterile world.
“Maybe extinction is the cosmic default of life in the
universe,” says Boris Sauterey of the Institut de Biologie de
l’Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. “It’s not the process of
life ____________ that is limiting; it’s life maintaining itself
that is limiting.”
But perhaps, more than 30 feet beneath the surface
and encased in ice, these ancient single-celled organisms
achieved a state of dormancy - a sort of cryopreserved
slumber, ready to perk up when more life-friendly conditions
arise.
The Martian interior may not be as lifeless as its
face. It could host a world of alien organisms that are
capable of waiting thousands of years between each turn of
their metabolic engines.
This ____________ may sound farfetched, but
recent results from scientists modeling the habitability of
ancient Mars and studying the hardiness of microbes in labs
and beneath our own planet’s surface all point in the same
direction: It’s a long shot, but it’s possible life evolved on
Mars and still exists. And scientists may just find signs of that
life when meteors barrel into Mars and excavate buried
layers of ice, or when new spacecraft arrive to plumb this
underground realm.
(Fonte: National Geographic - adaptado.)
Check the alternative that CORRECTLY fills the gaps in
the text:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Técnico de TI Junior (Infraestrutura) |
Q4201568
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.
What is the difference between access point and router?
The router acts as a hub that sets up a local area network and manages all of the devices and communication in it. An access point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect from and enables more devices to be on the network.
Wireless routers can function as access points, but not all access points can work as routers. While routers manage local area networks, communicate with outside network systems, acquire, distribute, and dispatch data in multiple directions, establish a point of connectivity, and ensure security, access points typically only provide access to the router’s established network.
(www.ligowave.com/difference-between-access-point-and-
-router#:~:text=Main%20Differences.&text=While%20routers%20manage%20local%20area,to%20the%20router%27s%20established%20network.
Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, uma das funcionalidades típicas
dos pontos de acesso é a
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Técnico de TI Junior (Infraestrutura) |
Q4201567
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.
What is the difference between access point and router?
The router acts as a hub that sets up a local area network and manages all of the devices and communication in it. An access point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect from and enables more devices to be on the network.
Wireless routers can function as access points, but not all access points can work as routers. While routers manage local area networks, communicate with outside network systems, acquire, distribute, and dispatch data in multiple directions, establish a point of connectivity, and ensure security, access points typically only provide access to the router’s established network.
(www.ligowave.com/difference-between-access-point-and-
-router#:~:text=Main%20Differences.&text=While%20routers%20manage%20local%20area,to%20the%20router%27s%20established%20network.
Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Wireless routers can
function as access points, but not all access points can
work as routers”, os termos destacados em negrito indicam
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Técnico de TI Junior (Infraestrutura) |
Q4201564
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.
What is the difference between access point and router?
The router acts as a hub that sets up a local area network and manages all of the devices and communication in it. An access point, on the other hand, is a sub-device within the local area network that provides another location for devices to connect from and enables more devices to be on the network.
Wireless routers can function as access points, but not all access points can work as routers. While routers manage local area networks, communicate with outside network systems, acquire, distribute, and dispatch data in multiple directions, establish a point of connectivity, and ensure security, access points typically only provide access to the router’s established network.
(www.ligowave.com/difference-between-access-point-and-
-router#:~:text=Main%20Differences.&text=While%20routers%20manage%20local%20area,to%20the%20router%27s%20established%20network.
Adaptado)
De acordo com as informações fornecidas pelo texto,
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Designer de UX Pleno |
Q4198362
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Information Security (InfoSec) defined
Information security, often abbreviated InfoSec, is a set of security procedures and tools that broadly protect sensitive enterprise information from misuse, unauthorized access, disruption, or destruction. InfoSec encompasses physical and environmental security, access control, and cybersecurity. It often includes technologies like cloud access security brokers (CASB), deception tools, endpoint detection and response (EDR), and security testing for DevOps (DevSecOps), among others.
Key elements of information security
InfoSec comprises a range of security tools, solutions, and processes that keep enterprise information secure across devices and locations, helping to protect against cyberattacks or other disruptive events.
• Application security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect applications and their data.w
• Cloud security - Policies, procedures, tools, and best practices enacted to protect all aspects of the cloud, including systems, data, applications, and infrastructure.
• Cryptography - An algorithm-based method of securing communication meant to ensure only intended recipients of a specific message can view and decipher it.
• Disaster recovery - A method to reestablish functional technological systems in the wake of an event like a natural disaster, cyberattack, or another disruptive event.
• Incident response - An organization’s plan for responding to, remediating, and managing the aftermath of a cyberattack, data breach, or another disruptive event.
• Infrastructure security - Security that encompasses an organization’s entire technological infrastructure, including both hardware and software systems.
• Vulnerability management - The process an organization takes to identify, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities in its endpoints, software, and systems.
Three pillars of information security: the CIA triad
Confidentiality, integrity, and availability make up the cornerstones of strong information protection, creating the basis for an enterprise’s security infrastructure. The CIA triad offers these three concepts as guiding principles for implementing an InfoSec plan.
Confidentiality
Privacy is a major component of InfoSec, and organizations should enact measures that allow only authorized users access to information. Data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and data loss prevention are some of the tools enterprises can employ to help ensure data confidentiality.
Integrity
Enterprises must maintain data’s integrity across its entire lifecycle. Enterprises with strong InfoSec will recognize the importance of accurate, reliable data, and permit no unauthorized user to access, alter, or otherwise interfere with it. Tools like file permissions, identity management, and user access controls help ensure data integrity.
Availability
InfoSec involves consistently maintaining physical hardware and regularly completing system upgrades to guarantee that authorized users have dependable, consistent access to data as they need it.
(www.microsoft.com/en-ww/security/business/security-101/ what-is-information-security-infosec#:~:text=Information%20 security%2C%20often%20abbreviated%20(InfoSec,access%2C%20 disruption%2C%20or%20destruction. Adaptado.)
No trecho do item Availability “authorized users have
dependable, consistent access to data as they need it”,
o termo destacado em negrito pode ser substituído, sem
alteração de sentido, por
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Provas:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Analista de TI Junior (Infraestrutura e Serviços de Rede)
|
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Arquiteto de Redes Pleno |
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Engenheiro de Telecomunicações Pleno |
Q4197927
Inglês
Texto associado
Advantages of wireless technology
Wireless communications offer several cost and connectivity benefits for organizations. The rapid rise of remote work – fuelled in part by the pandemic that began in 2020 – has created an environment where employees demand high-performance access to network resources regardless of where they might be.
Wireless networks can be less expensive to build and maintain since they require fewer switches and other components required by wired infrastructures. New wireless standards – especially among them multiuser, multiple input and multiple output – enable physical Access Points (APs) to serve a greater number of users, further reducing costs.
Wireless technologies also support novel services, among them location tracking, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments and remote diagnostics. Finally, advances in wireless performance enable organizations to stress mobility as a primary benefit, thus helping them redefine how they design their offices and workgroups.
(www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/wireless. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Wireless networks can
be less expensive to build and maintain since they require
fewer switches and other components”, o termo destacado
em negrito introduz
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Provas:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Analista de TI Junior (Infraestrutura e Serviços de Rede)
|
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Arquiteto de Redes Pleno |
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Engenheiro de Telecomunicações Pleno |
Q4197926
Inglês
Texto associado
Advantages of wireless technology
Wireless communications offer several cost and connectivity benefits for organizations. The rapid rise of remote work – fuelled in part by the pandemic that began in 2020 – has created an environment where employees demand high-performance access to network resources regardless of where they might be.
Wireless networks can be less expensive to build and maintain since they require fewer switches and other components required by wired infrastructures. New wireless standards – especially among them multiuser, multiple input and multiple output – enable physical Access Points (APs) to serve a greater number of users, further reducing costs.
Wireless technologies also support novel services, among them location tracking, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments and remote diagnostics. Finally, advances in wireless performance enable organizations to stress mobility as a primary benefit, thus helping them redefine how they design their offices and workgroups.
(www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/wireless. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “ where they might be”,
o termo destacado em negrito pode ser substituído, sem
alteração de sentido, por
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Provas:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Analista de TI Junior (Infraestrutura e Serviços de Rede)
|
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Arquiteto de Redes Pleno |
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Engenheiro de Telecomunicações Pleno |
Q4197925
Inglês
Texto associado
Advantages of wireless technology
Wireless communications offer several cost and connectivity benefits for organizations. The rapid rise of remote work – fuelled in part by the pandemic that began in 2020 – has created an environment where employees demand high-performance access to network resources regardless of where they might be.
Wireless networks can be less expensive to build and maintain since they require fewer switches and other components required by wired infrastructures. New wireless standards – especially among them multiuser, multiple input and multiple output – enable physical Access Points (APs) to serve a greater number of users, further reducing costs.
Wireless technologies also support novel services, among them location tracking, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments and remote diagnostics. Finally, advances in wireless performance enable organizations to stress mobility as a primary benefit, thus helping them redefine how they design their offices and workgroups.
(www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/wireless. Adaptado)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “regardless of where
they might be”, o termo destacado em negrito refere-se a
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
CIJUN - SP
Provas:
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Analista de TI Junior (Infraestrutura e Serviços de Rede)
|
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Arquiteto de Redes Pleno |
VUNESP - 2023 - CIJUN - SP - Engenheiro de Telecomunicações Pleno |
Q4197924
Inglês
Texto associado
Advantages of wireless technology
Wireless communications offer several cost and connectivity benefits for organizations. The rapid rise of remote work – fuelled in part by the pandemic that began in 2020 – has created an environment where employees demand high-performance access to network resources regardless of where they might be.
Wireless networks can be less expensive to build and maintain since they require fewer switches and other components required by wired infrastructures. New wireless standards – especially among them multiuser, multiple input and multiple output – enable physical Access Points (APs) to serve a greater number of users, further reducing costs.
Wireless technologies also support novel services, among them location tracking, Internet of Things (IoT) deployments and remote diagnostics. Finally, advances in wireless performance enable organizations to stress mobility as a primary benefit, thus helping them redefine how they design their offices and workgroups.
(www.techtarget.com/searchmobilecomputing/definition/wireless. Adaptado)
De acordo com o texto, uma das vantagens principais da
tecnologia wireless é:
Conheça nossos planos