O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

New generation of Indigenous activists battle to save the Amazon

Campaigners in Brazil use drones to document work of self-defence teams trying to stop environmental destruction caused by illegal mining

Batista, who belongs to South America's Macuxi people, is part of a new generation of Indigenous journalists helping chronicle an age-old battle against outside aggression. For centuries, non-Indigenous writers and reporters have flocked to the rainforest region to tell their version of that ancestral fight for survival. Now, a growing cohort of Indigenous communicators are telling their own stories, providing first-hand dispatches from some of the Amazon's most inaccessible and under-reported corners.

"It's dangerous work and we suffer a lot when we're out in the field," said Batista, one of about 26,000 inhabitants of Raposa Serra do Sol, Brazil's second most populous Indigenous territory. "But it really gives me strength because I'm showing the reality of our lives to the world."

"It's my job to monitor the territory: to see who's coming in and who is leaving, to find areas being invaded, and to defend the territory because we cannot live without it," said Batista, who was trained by a local Indigenous association, the Conselho Indígena de Roraima, as part of an initiative called Rede Wakywai, which means "our news" in the local Wapichana language.

The Guardian

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

New generation of Indigenous activists battle to save the Amazon

Campaigners in Brazil use drones to document work of self-defence teams trying to stop environmental destruction caused by illegal mining

Batista, who belongs to South America's Macuxi people, is part of a new generation of Indigenous journalists helping chronicle an age-old battle against outside aggression. For centuries, non-Indigenous writers and reporters have flocked to the rainforest region to tell their version of that ancestral fight for survival. Now, a growing cohort of Indigenous communicators are telling their own stories, providing first-hand dispatches from some of the Amazon's most inaccessible and under-reported corners.

"It's dangerous work and we suffer a lot when we're out in the field," said Batista, one of about 26,000 inhabitants of Raposa Serra do Sol, Brazil's second most populous Indigenous territory. "But it really gives me strength because I'm showing the reality of our lives to the world."

"It's my job to monitor the territory: to see who's coming in and who is leaving, to find areas being invaded, and to defend the territory because we cannot live without it," said Batista, who was trained by a local Indigenous association, the Conselho Indígena de Roraima, as part of an initiative called Rede Wakywai, which means "our news" in the local Wapichana language.

The Guardian

O texto III refere-se à questão.

TEXTO III 

Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld1 

Three pioneering scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov, have been honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots, which are semiconductor particles small enough to significantly alter their electron behavior. These quantum dots, comprising only a few thousand atoms, have applications ranging from enhancing LED lights to potential advancements in solar cells and quantum information encryption.

Semiconductors, essential in powering our modern electronics, traditionally consist of large molecular-level crystals. However, quantum dots are vastly smaller. To provide perspective, the Nobel Foundation likened the size difference between a quantum dot and a soccer ball to that between a soccer ball and the Earth.

These nanoscale dots are now utilized in LED lights to refine color and in televisions to improve resolution. Additionally, they hold potential in the biomedical field, such as in cancer tissue removal. Despite initial skepticism regarding the feasibility of creating such __________________ minuscule particles, this year’s laureates prevailed. Their achievement, particularly Bawendi’s method for crafting specific size, highquality nanoparticles, has propelled technological applications like QLED screens and various imaging in biochemistry and medicine.

However, the announcement of this year's laureates was surrounded by unusual circumstances. Before the official statement from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish media sources leaked the information, citing an email mistakenly sent early from the Academy.

About the winners: Dr. Bawendi, a professor at MIT and a former postdoc under Dr. Brus, was born in France. Dr. Brus, a professor emeritus at Columbia University, was born in the U.S. Dr. Ekimov, once the chief scientist at Nanocrystals Technology in New York, was born in the former Soviet Union.

Their achievements in the realm of nanotechnology have enabled the exploration of distinct properties of extremely small matter, and have had profound implications in various technological domains. Their efforts in the 1980s, which led to the creation of quantum dots, needed further refinement before technological applications could be realized. Their work is regarded as monumental in bridging theoretical concepts with real-world applications. According to the American Chemical Society’s president, Judith Giordan, their discoveries are not just of academic interest but aim to benefit humanity at large.

Upon winning the prize, Dr. Bawendi expressed surprise and honor, emphasizing the significance of sharing the award with his mentor, Dr. Brus. Other notable winners this year include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their contributions to Covid-19 vaccine development in the Physiology or Medicine category, and Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier in Physics.

(Adapted from "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" by Emma Bubola and Katrina Miller, Oct. 04, 2023)

1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobelprize-chemistry.html . Acesso em: 04 de outubro de 2023.

O texto III refere-se à questão.

TEXTO III 

Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld1 

Three pioneering scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov, have been honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots, which are semiconductor particles small enough to significantly alter their electron behavior. These quantum dots, comprising only a few thousand atoms, have applications ranging from enhancing LED lights to potential advancements in solar cells and quantum information encryption.

Semiconductors, essential in powering our modern electronics, traditionally consist of large molecular-level crystals. However, quantum dots are vastly smaller. To provide perspective, the Nobel Foundation likened the size difference between a quantum dot and a soccer ball to that between a soccer ball and the Earth.

These nanoscale dots are now utilized in LED lights to refine color and in televisions to improve resolution. Additionally, they hold potential in the biomedical field, such as in cancer tissue removal. Despite initial skepticism regarding the feasibility of creating such __________________ minuscule particles, this year’s laureates prevailed. Their achievement, particularly Bawendi’s method for crafting specific size, highquality nanoparticles, has propelled technological applications like QLED screens and various imaging in biochemistry and medicine.

However, the announcement of this year's laureates was surrounded by unusual circumstances. Before the official statement from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish media sources leaked the information, citing an email mistakenly sent early from the Academy.

About the winners: Dr. Bawendi, a professor at MIT and a former postdoc under Dr. Brus, was born in France. Dr. Brus, a professor emeritus at Columbia University, was born in the U.S. Dr. Ekimov, once the chief scientist at Nanocrystals Technology in New York, was born in the former Soviet Union.

Their achievements in the realm of nanotechnology have enabled the exploration of distinct properties of extremely small matter, and have had profound implications in various technological domains. Their efforts in the 1980s, which led to the creation of quantum dots, needed further refinement before technological applications could be realized. Their work is regarded as monumental in bridging theoretical concepts with real-world applications. According to the American Chemical Society’s president, Judith Giordan, their discoveries are not just of academic interest but aim to benefit humanity at large.

Upon winning the prize, Dr. Bawendi expressed surprise and honor, emphasizing the significance of sharing the award with his mentor, Dr. Brus. Other notable winners this year include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their contributions to Covid-19 vaccine development in the Physiology or Medicine category, and Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier in Physics.

(Adapted from "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" by Emma Bubola and Katrina Miller, Oct. 04, 2023)

1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobelprize-chemistry.html . Acesso em: 04 de outubro de 2023.

O texto II refere-se à questão.

TEXTO II

"Dance the Night"

Dua Lipa

Baby, you can find me under the lights

Diamonds under my eyes

Turn the rhythm up, don't you wanna just

Come along for the ride?

Oh, my outfit so tight

You can see my heartbeat tonight

I can take the heat, baby, best believe

That's the moment I shine 

'Cause every romance shakes and it bends

Don't give a damn

When the night's here, I don't do tears

Baby, no chance

I could dance, I could dance, I could dance

Watch me dance, dance the night away

My heart could be burnin', but you won't see it on

my face

Watch me dance, dance the night away (uh-huh)

I'll still keep the party runnin', not one hair out of place (place)

(...) 

TEXT I

The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.

In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations. 

Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.

TEXT I

The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.

In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations. 

Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.

TEXT I

The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.

In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations. 

Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.